Bohemia galasi - zambiri mu mtima ichi ... Ndi zokwanira kumva, ndipo pomwepo mukamva madyerero lolemera ndi clink magalasi. Kodi mtundu wa mbale mukhoza kwenikweni kuitana mawu nanga kumasiyana zinthu zina?
History of Crystal Timatheriyali
Akukhulupirira kuti Mbiri yamakono ya galasi mu Europe kumayambira theka zoyambirira za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri. Inali pa nthawi imeneyi mwangozi inali kudziŵika kuti pa chimake makamaka, ndi processing zenera amakhala mandala. Umu ndi momwe yatsopano khalidwe muyezo - mwini Ulaya yense anali kuyesera kupanga awo translucent ndi kusewera mu dzuwa. Patapita kanthawi, chilinganizo woyamba anatulukira koyenera a osungunula galasi mu kuchuluka kwa okusayidi anawonjezera patsogolo. Chiphunzitso watsopanoyo adzaphulitsa kwambiri kusintha makhalidwe a mankhwala yotsirizidwa. Crystal kupukuta mosavuta, pamene faceted mankhwala amakhala okongola kwambiri.
Bohemia kusitalo; mbiri ya glassmakers Czech
Galasi luso - wina wa akale kwambiri komanso wolemekezeka mu Europe ndi zamanja. Kumene, ambuye ake ndi zokambirana anali m'mayiko onse a ku Ulaya, koma ayamikike wotchuka kuti luso limeneli la Bohemia ndi Venice. Murano galasi (wotchedwa Malo a ulimi - chilumba cha Murano) ndi kusiyana ndi kukongola kwake, chilungamo ndi zosiyanasiyana zotsatira mtundu. izi miyambo yonse ya Venice ambuye mu galasi-ikuwomba. Koma kale mu XIII atumwi ku Bohemia (mbiri m'chigawo cha Czech Republic) anali woyenera Akhristu a galasi Italy kupanga m'deralo. Lero, Chibohemiya galasi ndi galasi ndi nsombazi chifukwa cha chilungamo chake chachilendo. Koma luso kuti akhoza kupanga ndi quality, woyamba anatulukira dzina la mbuye, amene amakhala ndi kugwira ntchito mu Bohemia.
masiteji kupanga
Ngakhale lero, mu m'badwo wa patsogolo sayansi ndi luso, Chibohemiya galasi imatengedwa apamwamba ndi chizindikiro cha kukoma wapadera wa mwini. Koma n'chifukwa chiyani mtundu uwu amtengo? Times pamene ambuye ankaletsedwa kuuza achibale awo mfundo zokhudza kupanga, zapita. Lero, mafakitale ambiri Bohemia amathera maulendo yopuma, ndipo tidzayesetsa kumvetsa mmene anapanga galasi lodziwika bwino ndi galasi. Gawo loyamba la kupanga - zipangizo ndi kusungunula mankhwala lotengeka. Kenako, preform chifukwa anaikidwa mu lonyowa nkhungu matabwa. Mbali yachitatu - mmodzi wa zosangalatsa kwambiri - ndi akupera ndi kudula galasi. Nkofunika kumvetsa zingawakhumudwitse ntchito: nthawi imene zinthu angathe kuchizidwa, waufupi kwambiri. Childs, pamene mbuye amagwiritsa preformed sewero. Chotsatira - chilengedwe cha ziboliboli ndi gilding. Ndipo chinthu chotsiriza zachitika kupukuta ndi chotsirizidwa. Bohemia galasi timaliyamikira kwambiri osati chifukwa cha kukongola komanso khalidwe. Zonsezi kokayezetsa ndi kukhalapo kwa lokhoza ukwati sapita masitolo ndi zobwezerezedwanso. Dziwani kuti lero, galasi ndi galasi mu Bohemia ndi dzanja zopangidwa ndi wapadera makina mizere ku mitundu luso.
Crystal kapena galasi?
Kodi mukudziwa chifukwa chake ichi woumba Krustalo, ndi galasi, kotero ngati iye - galasi? Zipangizo awiri analandira kuchokera ku chimodzi yaiwisi amasiyana. Amakhulupirira kuti ngati galasi ku okusayidi 6 ndi 36% patsogolo, izo angatchedwe krustalo. khalidwe mfundo mayiko - 24%. Akukhulupirira kuti Kwakukulu kuchuluka zili patsogolo, ndi bwino krustalo. Osankhika ndi apamwamba katundu muli, limene mbali chithunzi ichi kuposa chizindikiro 30%. Bohemia galasi (chithunzi mukuonera nkhaniyi) sayenera mpweya thovu ndi inclusions ina. mankhwala ayenera kukhala uniformly chimaonekera ndipo wothwanima mu malo onse, popanda clouding.
zizindikiro khalidwe
Kodi kusankha galasi ndiponso kupewa zolakwa pamene kugula? Traditional galasi chimake cheke - molondola kugogoda pensulo kapena chinthu ena m'mphepete galasi kapena mbale saladi. Lonse ndi mankhwala khalidwe angamvetsere phokoso zosangalatsa. Njira ina pamene kugula kuyendera galasi - akusisita chala chake yonyowa. Choyambirira ndi mankhwala khalidwe adzakhala zimatulutsa ndi phokoso chidwi, koma galasi wamba analogs zina "chete." mbale onse opangidwa ku Bohemia, ali ndi "olimba" msoko - pansi pa thunthu galasi. Magalasi ndi Miphika Chibohemiya galasi (maluwa) ndi mbali pansi.
Zingati ziwiya amenewa ndi zinthu kukongoletsa?
Pa nthawi Soviet, galasi aliyense ankaona chizindikiro cha chuma, aliyense kudziletsa kulemekeza Hostess anali kukhala mozungulira nyumba mbale amenewa. Onse maholide ndi chochitika amagwirizana ndi chimes melodic magalasi a zinthu izi. Ndipo kulibe kudabwa galasi la amaona chizindikiro cha kukoma ndi chuma: ubwino ndi kukongola ankafunikadi kulipira. Pafupifupi ya magalasi zikhoza kugulidwa kwa 3000-4000 rubles, ndipo chinthu chilichonse umodzi kutumikira m'ma kukula kapena kukongoletsa chokongoletsera mkati - chifukwa 2000-3000 rubles. Kumene, tikulankhula za kupanga mankhwala fakitale. Buku ntchito ndi ofunika nthawi zambiri zodula. Crystal glassware samakalamba, koma afika bwino ndi zaka zam'mbuyo. Choncho, yakale yoyendera mpesa maswiti Chibohemiya galasi akhoza okwera mtengo. Nthawi zambiri zipangizo izi kunyumba ndi ziwiya zake amagulitsidwa ku yobetcherana. Iwo likukhalira kuti galasi - izo si tebulo yokongola ndi kapangidwe mkati, komanso ndalama wapatali.