Sofiya Suzdalskaya Icon: zimene zimathandiza?

M'busa Sofiya Suzdalskaya ndi mmodzi wa oyera kwambiri akulemekezedwa mu Russian Orthodox mwambo. December 29 - tsiku la imfa ya sisitere Sophia - anakhala kukumbukira boma la tsiku mu kalendala mpingo. zotsalira wakale ndi chizindikiro mozizwitsa St. Sophia, komabe kusungidwa mu Pokrovsky obisika mu Suzdal, ndi kachisi waukulu obisika a. Iwo abwera kudzapembedza okhulupirika kumadera kuti achiritsidwe matenda ndi chithandizo pa nkhani zovuta.

Sofiya Suzdalskaya ndi Solomon Saburova

anthu ochepa lero ikukhudzana maina awa awiri. Pakali pano, mu moyo wa dziko lino St. Sofiya Suzdalskaya (1490 -. 1542) anali mmodzi wa akazi ambiri laulemerero la nthawi yake. nkhani iye wakhala Solomo Saburova - mkazi wa Vasily III, otsiriza Grand Duke wa Moscow.

Posankha khumi Solomo bwanji za mkwatibwi, umene mayi ake, Sofiey Paleolog, mwambo Byzantine, Prince Vasili kusakondwa idzatha. Kwa nthawi yoyamba Moscow wolamulira anakwatira "monyanyira" wa boyars, osati banja kalonga. Komabe, wabwino ndi achipembedzo Solomonia kum'patsa chikondi ndi ulemu kwa bwalo.

gawo Kalonga

Tsoka, tsoka izo zinali zomvetsa chisoni. Onse zaka makumi awiri za ukwati, Mfumukazi anakhalabe wopanda mwana. Sizinathandize kapena mapemphero ochokera pansi pamtima, palibe ulendo kumalo oyera, misonkhano ambiri mu makachisi. sizinawasangalatse Grand Duke chinakula mavuto padziko Solomonia kunadetsa mkangano. Ndinkafunitsitsa kukhala wolandira cholowa, Basil Chachitatu analetsedwa kukwatira abale awo, kuopa kuti adzasiya mpandowachifumu kuti mphwake. Zonsezi ndi wachisoni kwambiri anzeru ndi zabwino wolemekezeka, koma iye sakadakhoza kuchita kanthu.

Grand chilekano

Mosiyana ndi zimene ambiri amakhulupirira si Henry VIII anayamba mwambo wa achifumu chilekano.

Mu 1525, pambuyo pa zaka makumi awiri ukwati alibe mwana, Vasily lachitatu anafuna kusudzula mkazi wake. malirime zoipa ananena kuti panali "zithumwa" wa achinyamata Mfumukazi Elena Glinsky, amene Basil m'banja, osati kudikira chaka.

Chilekano Basil Chachitatu chinali choyamba ndipo kuposa kale a Russia. Prince anaganiza kuthandiza boyars, koma mwamphamvu anadzudzula ansembe, ambiri a iwo kutetezela ufulu wa kalonga lolipiridwa.

Komabe, chigamulo anapangidwa. Prince anapita "ufulu wawo," ndipo pambuyo chilekano, Mfumukazi Solomonia amayenera kutenga zowinda ndi kupuma kwa amonke.

sisitere ukapolo

Ngati atadziwa za tonsure wake Sofiya Suzdalskaya? The Life of Saint muli Mabaibulo awiri a kuvomereza kwake monasticism. Poyamba iye anali mokakamiza tonsured ndi behest mwamuna wake, lachiwiri - safuna infighting ndi ndewu ndi kuwona osabereka awo, anapempha chilolezo mwaufulu kusiya obisika.

Mbiri ya makono ananena kuti Nun Sofia, ndi duchess ndiye chachikulu, kutifotokozera, monga iye akanathera, anakana tonsure, khama otsiriza kupondereza chizolowezi sisitere a. Komabe, atamva kuti chophimba - ndi chilakolako cha Prince Solomon anamvera. Komabe, ndi udindo wake watsopano Sofia sisitere sindikanakhoza kupirira kwa nthaŵi yaitali.

Malinga ndi mbiri ya nthawi, naimirira latsopano, iye anatonthozedwa mu pemphero ndi zolemba kumene kumakhala Amonke. Imodzi mwa nthano limanena kuti sisitere, amene sanachite mantha ntchito iliyonse panokha anakakumbanso chitsime cha obisika, pamene obisika sanali madzi okwanira. Lero kuti wakhala zogwirizana kuphimba manda a woyera lolemekezeka Efros. Sofiya Suzdalskaya m'nthawi akulemekezedwa monga wokonda moyo wodzimana oona mtima wabwino ndi utumiki chitsanzo chabwino kupambana chikondi ndi ulemu kwa alongo, avirigo ndi onse amene anamudziwa iye.

Pafupifupi onse moyo pambuyo pake mu monasticism wokonda moyo wodzimana kuchitidwa mukati makoma a Pokrovsky obisika mu Suzdal, kumene anaikidwa m'manda mu 1542.

Zozizwitsa Sofia Suzdal

Pambuyopo mwalira wa Nuni Sophia pa manda a anayamba kuchitika zozizwitsa za machiritso. Choncho, mu 1598 panali woyamba wolembedwa kulanditsidwa ku khungu la Mfumukazi Anne Nechtevoy. Patatha zaka zinayi, chimodzimodzi chodabwitsa pa manda wa woyera adaona kuwala mkazi wina zambiri. Mu zaka wotsatira akufotokozedwa ndi zina kusinthika kodabwitsa. Pemphero Suzdal Sophia anathandizidwa ndi matenda diso, ugonthi, ziwalo ndi matenda okhudza ubongo.

Sikuti mchiritsi, koma Angachitsekereze anali Saint Sophia. Kuwonekera zovala kumene kumakhala Amonke ndi kandulo linawala mu manja a mtsogoleri wa asilikali Polish, anayandikira obisika, Sofiya Suzdalskaya opulumutsidwa adakhala kumeneko.

Kodi kufotokoza chochitika "Historical Collection wa mzinda Mulungu anasunga wa Suzdal 'ndi mbiri ya 18 wansembe m'ma Hananiya Fedorov: mantha kwambiri chinapululutsa mkulu Lisowski masomphenya a mkono woyera ndi ufulu agona, pamene ena Zitsulo anagwa pansi pamodzi ndi mahatchi, matenda akhudzidwa. Asilikali adani anabwerera, ndi chochitika chodabwitsa kwambiri anaoneka pa tombstone wa wokonda moyo wodzimana lapansi.

Memory atamwalira

mpingo Official analengeza kulambira sisitere Sophia kukhala woyera mtima zokha mu 1650 - zaka zana pambuyo malo ake ampumulo, ndi funso la canonization anatenga zaka ziwiri mtsogolo. Komabe, atafa wa anthu anayamba kumulemekeza monga woyera, ndi mpingo anayetsetsa ku manda ake. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ngakhale mu zaka chisanafike asindikiza kalendala umatchedwa woyera wolungama sisitere, koma Mfumukazi Sophia.

Mu ulamuliro Ivana Groznogo - nthawi yaitali wolowa Prince Basil ndi mkazi wake wachiwiri, Solomo Sophia anakumbukira sisitere sisitere ndi kulambira anali a m'malo m'deralo. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ngakhale nthawi imeneyi Prince Andrew Kurbsky m'kalata yake kwa mfumu otchedwa Sophia Solomon M'busa wofera, wosalakwa ndi woyera. Malinga ndi nthano, mfumu Ivan anabwera chachinayi mu Suzdal Pokrovsky ansembe yotchedwa ndipo malinga ndi malowolo pa, anabisa yake kumanda sisitere chophimba, anapanga mu msonkhano mkazi wake wokondedwa Anastasia Romanovna makamaka ngati mphatso ku Manda Opatulika.

Yotsatira Tsar Fyodor Ioanovich kulambira St. Sophia wa Suzdal chawonjezeka kwambiri. Pa manda a sisitere Nun anachita yodzaza ulendo wa mamembala a m'banja lachifumu mobwerezabwereza anadandaula adakhala cha ulendo wanu. Pamaso anapulumuka chophimba yopeta pa tombstone ake ndi chithunzi cha Mpulumutsi, kupereka obisika mfumukazi Irinoy Godunovoy. Zolembedwa chinatsimikizira chaka ndi cholinga cha nsembe.

Iye adaoneka ninga Mfumukazi Solomonia

Mpaka tsopano sanabwere chithunzi chilichonse moyo wa Mfumukazi Solomonii Saburovoy. Sitikudziwa ngati mafano amenewa analipo pa onse, monga portraiture, ngati ndinu a boma, anabwera Russia yekha mu m'badwo wa Petulo pambuyo pafupifupi zaka zotchulidwa. Anapulumuka ankapenta angapo kuchokera m'masiku, chosonyeza ukwati zochitika za Basil III ndi Solomon tonsure Mfumukazi ndi zina kwambiri nkhani zingapo mbiri pa moyo wa banja kalonga. M'nthawi anafotokoza Solomoniyu Saburovu ngati mkazi wokongola kwambiri.

m'ma 19 chosema amasonyeza wamng'ono mdima tsitsi mkazi zimakambidwa mu tiara ndi zovala zapamwamba. Anali izi Solomonia ngati chithunzi chithunzi analengedwa ndi wojambula Achikondi nyengo, n'zovuta kunena. Pozindikira chifaniziro chake monga Chimonko, koma zambiri, ankagwiritsidwanso olembedwa pambuyo pa imfa ya M'busa Solomo Sofia.

The iconography wa Saint Sophia

A kuchuluka kwa mafano, zinalembedwa 19 - zaka 20, St. Sophia Suzdal zili zogwirizana ndi Byzantine chizindikiro-penti ovomerezeka: sisitere paramanu nyumba ndi buluu wobiriwira, wanthaka pafupifupi mtundu bulauni ndi mwinjiro wa papu kapena chobvala mdima chitumbuwa. Nkhope ndi manja utoto ocher, maso aakulu chonse, ndi wochepa thupi, molunjika mphuno, pakamwa yaing'ono.

The wamkulu chithunzi sisitere Sophia Ming'oma theka lachiwiri la m'ma 17. Kumene, tili ndi fano wapamwamba ovomerezedwa woyera ndi opusa kufunafuna mmenemo chithunzi chikhalidwe ndi mafotokozedwe ndi zithunzi za anthu odziwika bwino kwenikweni Solomo. Dzina la mbuye, amene anakumana fano pa bolodi, akhala osadziwika. Mwina, chizindikiro wamkulu wa Saint Sophia unakhazikitsidwa amisiri mu adakhala wake. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti iconography chikhalidwe, kutsogolera kuchokera ku chiyambi cha fano, pali kuvomerezedwa khalidwe - mpukutu chimene chimangirira Sofiya Suzdalskaya. Chizindikiro ichi akuti ndi zozizwitsa, ndipo mwina anafuna kuti manda a woyera mtima.

Kuzindikila woyera

Mpingo Orthodox kalendala dzina Sofia Suzdal kumeneko chaka pamaso zitasintha. Mu 1984, iwo "mwalamulo" anadzetsa gulu la oyera, koma mpaka okha kwanuko Suzdal, ndipo kuyambira 2007 Hagia Sophia adzalemekezedwa mlingo kale vsetserkovnom.

M'busa Sofia anapatsa m'manda okha mu nthaka. Zachilendo chikhumbo cha nthawi, chifukwa anthu kale madalitso ake anapangidwa m'manda mu manda mwala, crypts. Kuposa zaka zinayi, kuyambira 1542 mpaka mu 1990, phulusa lake anakhalabe phe.

Mu 1995 manda ake atatsegulidwa kunyumba ndi zotsalira za Sofia Suzdal mwakachetechete kuchotsedwa m'dziko. Tsopano oonetsa khansara chatsekedwa mu Pokrovsky Cathedral. Ndi kachisi yaikulu ya agulupa amene amakopeka amwendamnjira ambiri. Unagunda ndi chakuti, pambuyo atagona pansi zaka zoposa zinayi, zotsalira anali incorrupt. Komabe, pambuyo kutsegula manda iwo lawola nkhani ya mphindi.

Chimene chimabwera woyera

Zopempha zosiyanasiyana ndi mapembedzero amatchula Nun Sofia. Ngakhale mu nthawi yathu mndandanda anaulula zodabwitsa zake kusinthidwa ndi umboni watsopano. Makamaka iwo anapempha kupulumutsidwa kwa mitundu yonse ya matenda. Makamaka ngati mchiritsi ndi adzalemekezedwa ndi anthu Sofiya Suzdalskaya. Chomwe chimapangitsa izo woyera kwambiri? Monga ife kumbukirani, pa moyo wa Mfumukazi Solomonia kuti anali wosabereka. Komabe, modabwitsa mfundo - pemphero kwa Saint Sophia kumathandiza kupeza mwana yaitali mabanja osabereka.

Pali umboni kuti umatiuza njira asokera, kuteteza ana ku ngozi ndipo anathandiza kuchepetsa grumpy okalamba khalidwe.