Turing makina: pa chiyambi cha sayansi ya kompyuta ndi cryptography

Turing makina wakhala chidali chifuniro chachikulu, anatumikila m'nyengo ya umisiri mudziwe, ndipo mwachidwi, mamangidwe a kachitidwe kamakono kompyuta. Wopambana British masamu Alan Turing ndi analytics pasanathe zaka makumi anayi anakwanitsa maganizo kumanga limagwirira umboni kwa kuthetsa mavuto zikuluzikulu masamu, amene anakonza wotchuka German Pulofesa David Hilbert pa mayiko Masamu Congress unachitikira mu 1900 ku Paris.

Turing makina ali osati kukhala yankho lomveka bwino ndi kompyuta ntchito yapadera, koma analinso maziko ongolankhula kwa ma aligorivimu ndi sayansi mapulogalamu m'munsi. Komanso, mfundo ya kuthetsa mavuto zovuta masamu ndi angagwiritse njira zosiyanasiyana zodabwitsa komanso kumanga ma aligorivimu anaphedwa ndi zinthu zamakono, Anakhalanso maziko a kubadwa kwa malo atsopano a aluntha ntchito - umisiri zambiri.

makina Turing amaperekedwa ndi lamba wosatha, anawagawa maselo, omwe uli chizindikiro cha atathana amalire akonzedwa. Mndandanda wa zizindikiro zonse wotchedwa zilembo za makina. Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za mtundu uwu zilembo chionekera ndipo amatchedwa "kusiyana". Turing makina amasintha nkhani za maselo ndi kuwerenga wapadera ndi kulemba mutu kuyendera tepi. Akuzifunira kuchokera pa mutu wa nkhani za mukachipinda, chipangizo palokha wasankha, malingana uliri mkati, khalidwe olembedwa mu chipinda ndipo kumene kusuntha mutu pambuyo opaleshoni. Momwe boma mkati (kukumbukira) za makina, yodziwika ndi mtengo wina ku ziro kwa phindu pazipita, komanso amaloŵamo kusintha.

A makina Turing zoti wophweka kwambiri, koma amalola kuchita pafupifupi alionse, anamanga pa aligorivimu bwino. Pakuti chilango cha zosiyanasiyana ntchito zowerengera pali tebulo wapadera, zomwe zinalembedwa malamulo, amene ali wa malangizo konsekonse kwa makina. Zotsatirazi tebulo, omwe chili Ndondomeko osakaniza makamaka a limati zosiyanasiyana ndi zizindikiro, zida ndi Mzimuyo zimene ntchito zowerengera kuchitika pa nthawi iliyonse. Ndipotu chilengedwe Turing makina ndi zinachitika woyamba wa makompyuta ano.

Mwaluso chidali chifuniro cha Alan Turing lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito bwinobwino ndi British cryptanalytic amasinthira panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri kuswa German zizindikiro chinsinsi. Nthawi zambiri decoding chinsinsi mauthenga sitima zankhondo Doenitz miimba kugona pa desiki Churchill pamaso kugwa mu Ulamuliro wa Nazi Chancellery. Mosiyana ndi cryptographers German, nachita njira mwangwiro mwachilengedwe ndi ikukhudzana bwanji ndi cryptography monga luso ndi, njira ya Alan Turing m'gulu njira algorithmic kuti ambiri a chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti zizindikiro zobisika, zomwe zinali zokhudza mtima kwambiri.

Non-deterministic Turing makina kunapangitsa kuti kuthyolako ndi ciphers mdani si cryptographers waluntha, komanso wamba antchito Office, kupanga zochita mwachilengedwe anakonza cholinga kuyenda kwa cholinga. Analandira ndi deta Turing makina Pamlingo waukulu bwanji zotsatira za Nkhondo ya Britain.