2 trimester mimba, ultrasound: mawu olembedwa

Anthu ambiri amachita chidwi ndi zimene trimester amuzolengedwa kusanthula wochititsidwa ndi US? 2 trimester kupanga kafukufuku mabuku a akazi onse, popanda yekha. M'pofunika kudziwa yankho zabwino kapena zoipa zokhudza deta analandira kale, komanso zizindikiro anaonekera, pa lomwe limasonyeza ultrasound.

Pangani ultrasound (trimester 2) kokha malamulo a pokonzekera ndondomeko. Kufotokoza deta udzachitika mogwirizana ndi mfundo mofanana mu kuona choyamba.

mosamala chachiwiri ndi kusunga mwana kumafuna masitepe awiri:

1. Pogwira 2 trimester ultrasound.
2. Kuyezetsa mayeso - atayezetsa mu mitsempha ya nambala mahomoni.

The zikuonetsa chachikulu kafukufukuyu

Studies unachitikira ndendende zifukwa mofanana mu trimester:

1. Kupezeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo.
2. Matenda obwera tinatengera.
3. Shuga.
4. Matenda zimfundo ndi.
5. Khansa ya makolo awo.
6. Chromosomal kudwala zachilengedwe
7. A mbiri ya padera kapena ntchito lachibadwa.
8. Kukhala ndi mwana ndi kuvutika ena.
9. Zinalipo kale imfa ya mwana wosabadwayo m'mimba;
10. Zotsatira osauka a mosamala choyamba, anapanga kwa nthawi ya masabata 14 ndipo kenako anasonyeza nthenda chitukuko cha mwana wosabadwayo lapansi.

US ponseponse 2 trimester kulola kuti akaone Kugwirizana kwa mafupa mwana kuwulula boma la ubongo ventricles, cerebellum, nyumba msana ndi nkhope. Makamaka, pamene Atchule mphuno, milomo, zitsulo diso, atria mtima, ziwiya kwambiri, impso, chikhodzodzo ndi kapepala m'mimba.

fetometry

Ultrasound Protocol 2 trimester cholinga zikutanthauza:

• malo nsengwa ndi wochindikala;
• Kapangidwe kukhwima digiri ya nsengwa ndi;
• chiwerengero ziwiya mu chingwe umbilical;
• amniotic madzimadzi;
• boma khomo pachibelekeropo ndi uterine khoma zokhudzana;
• fetometry zizindikiro.

Fetometry otchedwa muyeso wa msinkhu yoopsa. Pamafunikanso:

• kukula kwa mutu wa mwana wosabadwayo pamphumi ndi khosi;
• bwalo awiri a mutu ndi circumference m'mimba;
• cephalic index ingatithandize kuzindikira kapangidwe ka mutu;
• kutalika kwa mafupa yaitali (m'chiuno, tibia, zazikulu ndi zazing'ono, humerus, ulna ndi utali wozungulira) kumbali zonse.

Decoding 2 trimester ultrasound amatilola kukhazikitsa developmentally yoyenera gestational zaka, kuti aone mlingo wa kukula yoopsa, kutsimikizira nthawi ya mimba, kudziwa kwanthawi mu chitukuko ndi kukhalapo kwa kuvutika.

retardation

kukula Intrauterine akhoza mawonekedwe ofananira ndi asymmetric. Mbali yoyamba, chitukuko ndi njila, ndi zizindikiro zimasonyeza ultrasound slippage ku ponseponse mimbayo.

mbali Asymmetrical ali motere:

• kuyeza circumference m'chiuno pansipa mwakale;
• mutu kukula ndi DBC yachibadwa kwa nthawi yaitali;
• kuchuluka chiŵerengero cha utsi mpweya / coolant ndi CST / coolant.

Malinga zotsatira analandira tingasiyanitsire magulu atatu a backlog:

1. Backlog kwa masabata 2-3.
2. Backlog kwa masabata 3-4.
3. masabata 5 kapena kuposa.

Kafukufuku udindo wa ziwalo za mwana wosabadwayo 2 trimester mimba, ultrasound

Cross-Zigawo mutu:

• Kwaletsedwa kapangidwe nthenda mu mawonekedwe a ndimu, nthochi ndi sitiroberi kapena kutchulidwa brachycephaly, pamaso pa mutu awiri kuzungulira kuti amam'dziŵitsa ubongo edema;
• anaphunzira kukhulupirika kwa kapangidwe ka mafupa achigaza.

Kafukufuku boma la ubongo:

• ventriculomegaly limasonyeza zikuluzikulu ubongo ventricles;
• mu dongosolo mtima anasonyeza pamaso pa cysts;
• anamuona pa cerebellum kudwala;
• neoplasms wapezeka mu chigaza, yomwe ili pamwamba pake.

Kudziwa zizindikiro zotsalira za matenda Down:

• kuchuluka mtunda pakati mwake;
• kukamwa mu boma lotseguka;
• lilime yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda;
• anawulula zopindika mtima;
• fupa adzafupikitsidwa atavalanso zoteteza.

nyumba Nkhope:

• Mbiri kuphunzira chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi nsagwada;
• pamaso pa Cyclops ndi anophthalmia (kafukufuku munda wa mwake diso);
• pamaso mphanga mlomo ndipo m'kamwa (abadwe ndi mphanga mlomo);
• pamaso pa protrusion la nsagwada chapamwamba.

Pamene msana anomalies taonera pamaso pa pogawanikana pamawere mderali. Iwo pamodzi ndi nthenda chitukuko cha chingwe msana. Izi ndi kudwala oopsa kwambiri.

A chindodo a chifuwa. Izi adzatenge osati pleural ndi pericardial effusion - yachibadwa pericardial madzimadzi gulu si kuposa 2mm. Chomwenso ndi mlingo wa kukhwima kwa mapapo - lililonse m'mapapo molondola osauka ali mmodzi mwa atatu chigawo mtanda. Kumasulidwa madigiri zitatu:

• 0 - chizindikiro kuwala echogenicity zochepa echogenicity chiwindi.
• 1 - chithunzi echogenicity m'mapapo ndi chiwindi ofanana;
• 2 - chizindikiro kuwala pamwamba echogenicity echogenicity chiwindi.

Amaonekera ndi linanena bungwe mtima (pamaso pa nyumba Quad popanda pathologies) ndi zotengera chachikulu. Komanso ayesedwa m'mimba, chiwindi, matumbo, impso, chikhodzodzo ndi zakulera.

Kufufuza nsengwa ndi

Phunziro nkhani ndi ziwalo zosakhalitsa chikhalidwe. Zikuphatikizapo latuluka, umbilical chingwe ndi madzimadzi amniotic. Pogwira 2 trimester ultrasound amatilola kudziwa udindo wa latuluka poyerekezera ndi zoweta zevu uterine khomo pachibelekeropo.

Ngati izo zaikidwa pa mtunda wa masentimita 5.5 pansipa Os mkati, kunena otsika placentation, koma ngati watsekedwa ndi lamkati zevo lonse kapena mbali ndi umboni wa latuluka previa.

Komabe, pa trimester chachitatu, iye akhoza kusuntha ndi kukwera apamwamba, kotero kusonyeza ultrasound kuvomerezedwa pa sabata 27-28.

placental makulidwe ukuwonjezeka, malinga m'badwo gestational ndi pafupifupi mfundo za ubwenzi wa chingwe umbilical. Ngati index a makulidwe kuposa masentimita 4.5, umasonyeza pamaso pa edema matenda yoopsa uchembere wabwino, njira ya chilengedwe opatsirana komanso pamaso pa matenda a shuga.

Mlingo wa kukhwima wa nsengwa ndi:

• About - kwa masabata 30;
• 1 - mpaka milungu 27-36;
• 2 - 34-39 masabata;
• 3 - pambuyo masabata 36.

Udindo wa madzimadzi amniotic ndi umbilical chingwe

Rastsenivanie amniotic madzimadzi limakupatsani anapereka chiwerengero. Okwera kapena maganizo kuchuluka kwa matenda amakwiya mwana wosabadwa m'mimba, kumalimbikitsa maonekedwe a pathologies zosiyanasiyana.

Kudziwa kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi amniotic akutengedwa amniotic madzimadzi index. Ngati ndi zosakwana 2 cm, tilankhula za zili zochepa, ndipo woposa 8 cm - bwino.

Mu mumayesto chingwe awerenge chiwerengero cha zipangizo. Mwachibadwa, lili mtsempha imodzi ndi thalauza la mitsempha. Umatchedwanso pamaso pa zingwe zopota umbilical chingwe ndi kukodwa ake m'khosi yoopsa.

boma la chiberekero

US protocol wa trimester 2 mimba, kuphatikizapo zokhudza boma la chiberekero. Anasankha mlingo wa voteji. Hypertonia pa makoma, pamaso pa ululu kapena secretions magazi previa matenda.

Uterine khoma malo ankaona ndi kukhalapo kwa zotupa khansa (fibroids). Umatchedwanso makhalidwe a kukula, ndi malo wachibale Ndisanaumbidwe ndi latuluka. Pankhani ya opaleshoni chiberekero ndi pafupifupi rumen:

1. mtundu olemera kwa chilonda. akuphatikizapo liribe inclusions, yodziwika homogeneity ndi evenness contours ya gawo m'munsi. Chizindikiro chilonda makulidwe a osapitirira 3 mm.
2. Insolvent maonekedwe kwa chilonda. Linanena chilema. Mwachitsanzo, rumen anamasulidwa kagawo kakang'ono kwambiri, thinned nsalu, ndalama mkulu wa inclusions hyperechoic connective minofu.

mkhalidwe wa khomo pachibelekeropo

Kudziwa khomo lachiberekero kulephera boma uterine khomo pachibelekeropo Akuti chizindikiro cha m'litali ndi mtanda ngalande khomo lachiberekero. Mwachibadwa, khosi kukula ayenera kukhala osachepera 35 mm. Pakuti zowononga 30 mm akazi, aswa mwana wawo woyamba, ndi mpaka mamilimita 20 ndi mimba wachiwiri, n'zotheka kuti uweruze isthmic tserviakalnoy kulephera.

maphunziro

US (2 trimester) kumafuna kuphunzitsidwa mwapadera. Matumbo, ngakhale kukhalapo kwa mpweya, otdvigaetsya zapitazo kuchuluka kukula chiberekero. A chikhodzodzo zonse zatha madzimadzi amniotic.

Koma pamaso magaziwo kwa kusanthula amafuna maphunziro ena. Chadzulo ndondomeko, mayi woyembekezera sayenera kudya chocolate, koko ndi zakudya yokazinga. Komanso, muyenera kudya maola 4-6 pamaso chopereka magazi. Mukhoza kumwa madzi okha kwa maola 4, koma osati lokhala ndi mpweya wokwanira ndi kuchuluka kwa osapitirira 150 ml.

Tikumbukenso kuti mosamala mu trimester lachitatu sanafune kuti kuphunzitsidwa.

Pamene kafukufuku wa wochititsidwa

Yodziwira nthawi ya trimester chachiwiri - masabata 16-20. chikhalidwe ichi nkofunika kwambiri kwa mtima moyenera mlingo wa mahomoni m'magazi. Masiku ultrasound lifanane ndi wachiwiri trimester amuzolengedwa kusanthula magazi. Ultrasound zachitika mu malo oyamba, ndipo ndi zotsatira anatumiza kwa mkazi pa magazi.

The mosamala kwachiwiri ndi kwabwino pochitika pa sabata 17 mimba, kapena sabata pamaso tsiku limenelo.

Anthu ambiri amadabwa kumene kuti US 2 trimester mimba? Ndondomeko ikuchitika mu zipatala chigawo, matenda ndi malo perinatal. Mawu olembedwa a umboni wodzipangitsa uzist madokotala.

Malamulo a phunziro

Kafukufuku wa amayi apakati zikuphatikizapo angapo njira yeniyeni.

Ultrasound Kupenda ikuchitika transabdominal okha, amene ali pamwamba pa khungu la pamimba. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, mkazi zidayika pakama, kutsegula m'mimba. pamwamba m'mimba ndi topaka gel osakaniza. The dokotala akutsogolera kafukufuku pa mpanda wake kutsogolo. Ululu kapena kusamva iliyonse ili si mpheto.

Ndipo momwe anachita kusanthula amuzolengedwa? Mayi woyembekezera adza kwa labu pa chopanda kanthu m'mimba. Magazi wachotsedwa mtsempha wa mu kuchuluka kwa Botolo angapo. Zasayansi, mkazi amapereka zotsatira ultrasound ndi likukwaniritsa mu mafunsoka. Deta analandira kukonzedwa ndi pulogalamu. Zotsatira kokha okonzeka mu masiku 14.

mawu olembedwa

Decoding kumafuna angapo zizindikiro, omwe ali ponseponse yake. Zotsatira amuzolengedwa mosamala kumafuna kudziŵa mlingo wa mahomoni ngati

• chorionic gonadotropin;
• estriol;
• fetoprotein;
• inhibin, ngati ikuchitika patatu ndi quadruple mayeso.

Zotsatira za kafukufuku wina wachiwiri zimadalira nthawi ya mimba. Iwo imawunikidwa malinga ndi mtengo wa IOM. Izi mtengo pafupifupi amene masamu ndi zaka, kulemera kwa thupi ndi dera pakati chimene amakhala. zizindikiro dagnostiki anawagawa phindu zopezera phunzirolo chitsanzo lalikulu la akazi a yemweyo zaka amoyo m'dera lomwelo.

Ngati timadzi ali mu uthunthu wa 0.5-2.5 amayi, amaona mtengo yachibadwa. Ngati chiwerengero ndi zosakwana mtengo anapatsidwa kapena mosinthanitsa pamwamba, mu nkhani iyi imasonyezedwa malangizo katswiri.

Kufotokoza diagnostics chachiwiri trimester ndi lakuti chiopsezo mlingo mu kudwala makamaka. Iwo ikhale kachigawo a. Yayenda amaona chizindikiro cha 1: 250 kapena 1: 360 kwa mtundu uliwonse wa kudwala. Choncho wapezeka Down a Syndrome, kupunduka ubongo chubu, Edwards, Patau. Izi zimafunika chibadwa azichiona. Pamene amalimbikitsa 1: 100 akhoza chinachititsa Kupenda olanda imene imakhudza kudziwa kudwala anafuna wa mwana wosabadwayo ndi ya DNA.

Ena zopindika angagwe pambuyo kwambiri ndi adzasonyezedwa ngati mosamala wachiwiri pa masabata 16-20 (2 trimester). Ultrasonography anachita nthawi imeneyi, kutenga nkhani Mbali imeneyi. Mu nkhani ya zotsatira zoipa mosamala wachiwiri akulangizidwa kuti malangizo a zachibadwa a.