"Abramtsevo", owonetsera zakale-malo: momwe uko, malo, ndemanga

M'nyumbayi nthawi zonse kudzaza. Abramtsevo Manor lero ndi malo otchuka pakati Muscovites tsiku lopuma. m'gawo lake lili kowonera zakale zazikulu. Paulendo wa zovuta, mukhoza mfundo zambiri zochititsa chidwi zokhudza mbiri ya luso Russian ndi makhalidwe chikhalidwe okongola kunja Moscow. Kodi kuwafika Museum "Abramtsevo" ku Moscow ndi kuti inu mukhoza kuwona, ife kufotokoza m'nkhani ino.

Mbiri ya munda

Kutchula koyamba za Manor ndi za m'ma XVI. Pamenepo m'mudzi waung'ono a mwininyumba Volyn. Nyengo yofunika kwambiri m'mudzi inayamba mu 1843, pamene anakhala cholowa cha wolemba S. T. Aksakovu.

Monga zimakupiza mwaphamphu za kusaka ndi chirengedwe, SERGEY T. kumva kwambiri pa munda. Iye anapita pa ulendo N. V. Gogol ndi I. S. Turgenev. Mwa iwo anali wosewera M. S. Schepkin mbiri MP Pogodin. Mu Abramtsevo Aksakov m'ndendemo ntchito. Apa iye analemba "mdzukulu Childhood Zaka Bagrov ndi" wokondedwa ndi mibadwo yambiri ya nthano za zamatsenga maluwa chofiira.

Munda savvy Mamontova

Pambuyo wolemba anafa, chuma mofulumira sanali kumusamalira, ndipo mu 1870 anzake anagulitsa Aksakov kudziwika industrialist S. I. Mamontovu. Savva nthawi yomweyo kumangidwanso. Choyamba iye anakonza nyumba, anamanga nyumba zingapo latsopano malonda. Mwatsoka, ambiri a iwo akutayika lero.

Savva chidwi ndi mbiri ya luso, zisudzo ndi zomangamanga. Mu Moscow, nyumba yake wokonzeka kuti anthu amene ali ndi luso ndi kulenga. Mamontov banja anasamuka miyambo wabwino watsopano malo pafupi Moscow.

bwalo luso

Pang'onopang'ono, bwalo la anzawo savvy Mamontova kukodzedwa, ndipo panali gulu la ojambula zithunzi wotchuka, amene panopa kumatchedwa bwalo Abramtsevo. Amakhala ambuye kwambiri monga V. A. Serov, I. E. Repin, V. D. Polenov, M. A. Vrubel, VM ndi A. M. Vasnetsovy ndi amisiri ena. Kawirikawiri kukhala nakhala pa munda, polenga katswiri awo. M'zithunzi ndi chuma pafupi Moscow, analowa golide thumba luso Russian.

zokambirana luso

M'kupita kwa nthawi, chifukwa cha njira imene mwana Savva Ivanovich, mkazi wake, aluso wotchuka, magulu wachuma wa wowerengeka zinthu luso wakhala pamodzi munda. Ndipo lero iwo ali a mtengo wapatali luso. Mu mapangidwe ake chapadera ukalipentala shopu, ili pa malo, ayamba kulenga kwambiri mipando matabwa.

Mu 1890, chuma wayamba msonkhano ceramic. kudzoza kwake ndi wotsogolera kulenga anali M. A. Vrubel. Amalima kukongoletsa chosema, ndi okongola kwambiri a matailosi kwa Moscow House Mamontov ndi anthu wotchuka awo, wolemba mbale.

mankhwala Abramtsevo Mwachangu anapeza admirers ake. Iwo anayamba kugulitsa mu masitolo wa St. Petersburg, Moscow ndi angapo mizinda ina Russian. Akatswiri chidwi apamwamba zithunzi. Mu 1900, mankhwala Abramtsevo ojambula zithunzi anapatsidwa mphoto aulemu pa chionetsero World ku Paris.

Mtengo wa bwalo wotchuka luso sangathe n'kofunika. ophunzira anali manda wapatali zaluso Russian ndi zamanja. Podzera mnjira chawo anatsitsimuka luso mwambo wa kupanga matailosi ndi nkhuni kusema.

A yovuta m'mbiri ya Manor ndi

The cha m'ma XIX anabweretsa kusintha kwakukulu anayeza moyo wa Manor lapansi. Mu 1899, Savva anali aziwanena zachuma ndi kwa miyezi ingapo wakhala kumangidwa. Iye mlanduwo mu 1900, koma kudziwika prrmyshlennik anataya pafupifupi onse a boma.

House mu Moscow, pamodzi ndi kusungidwa pali mndandanda wa ntchito za luso wakhala anagulitsa. Mwamwayi, Abramtsevo anapulumutsidwa. Kukhala akhala anasintha mu mkazi pasadakhale Mamontov a. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XX chuma kunditumiza ku Moscow, msonkhano ceramic, chimene chakhala n'kukhala yaing'ono fakitale mbiya. Osati aliyense amadziwa chimene mbuye anachita Abramtsevo pamakoma "Metropol" hotelo, komanso kamangidwe kwambiri panja pa nyumba ya Tretyakov Gallery.

Manor kuyambira 1917

Mu 1918, pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mphamvu Soviet, izo nationalized chuma cha Abramtsevo. nyumbayi m'gawo lake chatsegulidwa mu chaka chomwecho. mtetezi Aika anakhala Aleksandra Mamontova - wamkazi Savva Ivanovich. Nyumba Museum "Abramtsevo" chinakhalapo mpaka 1932. Ndiye, mu malo linatsegulidwa patchuthi Opanga filimuyi. Popeza 1938, chuma anayamba ntchito ngati chipatala chaching'ono ndi. Ndipo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World chuma inasanduka m'chipatala cha asilikali.

Pa nthawi yovuta imeneyi dziko lonse la zinthu zopatulika za chuma zinawapangitsa Sergiev Posad. Akusonyeza mu 1950, ndi "Abramtsevo" (Museum) anatsegula zitseko zake alendo. Nthawi imeneyi, anaikidwa curator ya m'nyumbayi Vsevolod Savvich Mamontov - mwana wa industrialist ndi. Mu 1995 izo analandira udindo "Abramtsevo". Museum-Malo anakhala chipilala zofunika feduro.

Masiku ano, miyambo luso la zokambirana akale Manor akupitiriza Industrial Art College, imene dzina lake pambuyo Russian wojambula VM Vasnetsov.

"Abramtsevo", Museum-Malo

Panopa owonetsera zakale zovuta chimakwirira kudera la mahekitala makumi asanu. Iye anaika zikhomo ochepa ndi okongola. "Abramtsevo" (owonetsera zakale-munda) amene adilesi: Museum Street, 1, ali ndi kusonkhanitsa chuma. Iwo chifukwa cha zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho kuposa twente-faifi zikwi wapadera. Izi zachiwerewere ndi zithunzi ntchito, ziboliboli, zinthu za wowerengeka luso, zithunzi kawirikawiri ndi owona.

Manor nyumba

The centerpiece ya m'nyumbayi zovuta ali wokalamba Manor nyumba - waukulu Manor nyumba. Linamangidwa m'zaka XVIII. Ngakhale kukonzanso ambiri wa nsalu zake symmetrical, amene ali kumanga, masiku ano.

Kum'mawa wapakamwa wa nyumba ali ndi bwalo poyera ndi amanyalanyaza paki, kumadzulo - pabwalo. Pamodzi wapakamwa kum'mawa anali Maapatimenti waukulu zipinda - holo, pabalaza ndi kuchipinda kutsogolo. Pamodzi wapakamwa kumadzulo kwa Maapatimenti adathamanga tsiku ndi tsiku, pamene zogonamo a m'banja inali. Inachitika pakati pa zipinda zazikulu zokhala ndi awiri a kulowera lalikulu.

Masiku ano, Manor nyumba ndi kufotokoza odzipereka kwa Aksakov banja, anzawo. Apa mutha kuona zojambula ndi zithunzi, mabuku ndi mipando. Onse a zinthu izi anasonkhana akazi Mamontov. Iwo ankasamba mu Moscow masitolo yakale yoyendera.

The Manor nyumba ili ndi chionetsero china chidwi, amene anadzipereka Abramtsevo bwalo luso. Nazi zithunzi za banja Mamontov, ophunzira luso bwalo, malo amene anasunga kuchokera kalelo.

Zoyambazo zachipatala nyumba lero ndi chionetsero okhazikika ntchito za akatswiri Russian ndi Soviet.

Mpingo wa Mpulumutsi wathu

"Abramtsevo" - kowonera zakale kuti ali pa gawo nyumba yake yapadera. Choyamba ndi mpingo wa Mpulumutsi. Mlembi wake polojekiti anali wotchuka zojambulajambula VD Polenov. Kenako, ntchito yake anapitiriza ndi V. M. Vasnetsov. Zokongola stylized Russian kale kwambiri, iconostasis la kachisi - ntchito woona wa luso. Ambiri mwa mafano mpingo inali zojambulidwa ndi amisiri kwambiri, anapanga mbali ya bwalo Mamontov.

lamdima lija

chipilala china chimene chakhala chizindikiro cha Abramtsevo. M'nyumbayi zimasunga choyambirira dongosolo mapulani. Izi yachilendo matabwa gazebo - ". The kanyumba pa miyendo nkhuku" Malowa ali pamtunda pafupi mpingo. Lamdima lija anaonekera mu munda mu 1883. Iwo anali kuyamba ndi V. M. Vasnetsovu.

Kuyang'ana pa iye, zikuoneka kuti tsopano adzayang'ana kunja kwa Baba Yaga. Ngakhale kuti nyumba iyi wosangalatsa ili pafupi kwambiri ndi mpingo komanso nyumba zina, zikuoneka kuti kanyumba akuyima wandiweyani nkhalango moti.

paki

"Abramtsevo" - ndi owonetsera zakale chodabwitsa. Ngati inu kuchitika kukaona munda, onetsetsani kuti athawe kudzera paki zodabwitsa zomwe isawonongeke. Iwo unagawidwa mu masitepe atatu kuti ukutsika mu chigwa cha mtsinje waung'ono Warri.

paki ndi wokongola nthawi iliyonse chaka, koma m'chilimwe kapena yophukira oyambirira, makamaka wokongola.

owonetsera zakale nthambi

Dipatimenti ya Luso Timatheriyali Museum-Reserve Abramtsevo lili Khotkovo, Suli kutali Manor lapansi. chiyambi chake chinali chifukwa kugula mphamvu ya Abramtsevo msonkhano chitukuko cha Tirhana na Timatheriyali pafupi ndi Abramtsevo.

Ndipotu, mbiri ya nyumbayi ndipo kunayamba situdiyo, amene poyamba anatsogolera Elizabeth G. - mkazi wa Savva Mamontov. Ndiyeno m'malo mwa Elena Polenov. msonkhano Joiner anali sukulu chaka chilichonse kuyambira 1876, anayamba kuphunzira ana asanu kapena asanu kuchokera m'midzi yapafupi.

zaka zitatu anyamata ophunzitsidwa kwaulere. Nditamaliza kumene ophunzirawo kulandira mphatso ya munthu workbench, komanso zida ukalipentala. Anyamata anabwerera ku midzi yawo, ndipo ntchito kunyumba. maphunzilowa anawapatsa malamulo ndiponso akuthupi. Kuyambira makoma ake anali wokongola carvers oposa mazana awiri odziwa. Ambiri a iwo agwira ntchito, osati kukwaniritsa zitsanzo wokonzeka anaikira zina zachidule, koma kutsegula ntchito zawo. Ena mwa ntchito zimenezi masiku ano mu nyumbayi.

Panopa ndimagwira ntchito pano ndi kulenga mankhwala chidwi carvers osati kokha, komanso zithunzi, ziwiya zadothi ambuye ndi amisiri. olemba masiku ano kuchita nawo zisudzo umene zipinda angapo pansi pambali.

"Abramtsevo", owonetsera zakale-malo: bwanji kuti kumeneko?

Ku Moscow ndi Yaroslavl Station ndi sitima magetsi, zomwe kupanga amasiya pa "Abramtsevo" siteshoni. Izi mankhwala womangidwa Alexandria, Balakirevo, Sergiev Posad. Njira yopita ku siteshoni anakhumba amatenga maola 1,15. Papulatifomu muyenera kuyenda wowoneka njira nkhalango za theka kilometre. msewu adzakuweruza chimwene - osati kawirikawiri nzika anabweretsa kuyenda mu nkhalango. Kupeza anataya n'zosatheka - pa mitengo unakhazikitsidwa anatchulapo ambiri.

Ngati mukufuna ulendo galimoto, ndiye mu Moscow, muyenera kupita ku khwalala Yaroslavl, ndi kupitiriza kuyatsa ndi Leshkovo Radonezh. Ndiye galimoto kuti Khotkovo ndi kutembenukira Abramtsevo. nyumbayi ili kumapeto kwa msewu waukulu.

Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito basi. Kuyambira Sergiev Posad kwa nyumbayi inu adzapulumutsa mabasi ndi basi chiwerengero 55, zomwe zimachititsa flights eyiti patsiku.

mode

Kuchokera April kuti October alendo Museum "Abramtsevo". maola kutsegula ndi yabwino kudzacheza. Manor Park ndi lotseguka tsiku lililonse kwa 10,00 kuti 20,00, azisangalalo - kuti 21,00. Kufotokoza kwa nyumbayi akhoza anapita ku 10,00 kuti 18,00 pa mlungu ndipo mpaka 20,00 kumapeto kwa sabata. Waukulu owonetsera zakale nyumbayi pali zimatheka pamene ulendo udzachitika. Mu "Abramtsevo" (owonetsera zakale-otetezedwa) imachitikira tsiku ndi tsiku.

Reviews wosuta

Aliyense amene ankabwera "Abramtsevo" zakale, masamba weniweni, zambiri zabwino. Amasirira chikhalidwe zazikulu bwino anakonzekeretsa Gawo woyera, kusonyezedwa chidwi, atsogoleri akatswiri.

The kuipa ena alendo owonetsera zakale monga mtengo wa matikiti, alendo, kutenga zithunzi ndipo ngakhale pakhomo ku kachisi. Koma mwina ayenera kutero categorical pa nkhani imeneyi. Ndalama analandira kuyendera zovuta, kupita kubwezeretsa chuma ndi chitukuko zina.