ALS matenda: amachititsa, zizindikiro ndi zochita. Matendawa ndi mankhwala a amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

mankhwala amakono nthawi zonse ikusintha. Asayansi analenga mankhwala atsopano matenda osachiritsika kale. Komabe, akatswiri simungathe lero kupereka chithandizo chokwanira cha matenda onse. matenda china matenda ALS. Zimayambitsa matenda adakali unexplored ndi chiwerengero cha odwala kumawonjezera chaka chilichonse yekha. M'nkhaniyi tiona tione pa kudwala ichi, zizindikiro zake zazikulu ndi njira mankhwala.

zambiri

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, matenda Lou Gehrig) ndi kudwala kwambiri wamanjenje dongosolo, limene imfa otchedwa a manyuroni galimoto mu chingwe msana komanso mu ubongo kotekisi. Ndi matenda aakulu osachiritsika amene pang'onopang'ono kumabweretsa alibe ya ubongo. Mu masiteji lotsiriza la nthenda munthu amakhala chachabechabe, koma sanataye maganizo ndi maganizo.

ALS matenda, vutoli, ndi kumene kuthetsa pathogenesis sichinayambe kuphunzira, palibe kusiyana yeniyeni matenda ndi mankhwala njira. Asayansi masiku ano mwachangu kuliyendera. Tsopano amadziwika kuti matenda akufotokozera makamaka anthu a zaka zapakati pa 50 mpaka pafupifupi zaka 70, koma pali milandu ndi kugonjetsedwa kale.

Gawo

Malinga ndi malo zizindikiro chachikulu cha akatswiri matenda zotsatirazi mawonekedwe:

1. Lumbosacral mawonekedwe (pali kuphwanya galimoto ntchito ya nthambi m'munsi).
2. Bulbar mawonekedwe (ena akhudzidwa ubongo mtima, amene kumatanthauza kupuwala cha khalidwe chapakati).
3. mawonekedwe khomo lachiberekero-thoracic (zizindikiro za pulayimale bwino kusintha kwa galimoto ntchito ya nthambi kumtunda).

Komano, akatswiri kusiyanitsa mitundu itatu ya matenda ALS:

1. Mariana mawonekedwe (zizindikiro chachikulu zimachitika m'banda, pali njira wozengereza matenda).
2. Classic ayi mtundu (95% a milandu onse).
3. mtundu banja (losiyana mawonetseredwe mochedwa ndi cholowa kutengera za).

Chifukwa pali matenda ALS?

Zimayambitsa matenda, mwatsoka, akadali bwino anamvetsa. Asayansi tsopano olekanitsidwa zinthu zingapo, ndi kukhalapo kwa amene ali angayambe chodziwa kangapo:

• ubikvina mapuloteni kusintha;
• kuswa kanthu neurotrophic Chinthu;
• masinthidwe a majini ena;
• kuchuluka ufulu kwakukulu makutidwe ndi okosijeni maselo okhudza mitsempha okha;
• pamaso pa nthumwi opatsirana;
• Kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito otchedwa zidulo excitatory kwa amino.

ALS matenda. zizindikiro

Photo odwala ndi matenda angapezeke mu akalozera apadera a. Onse ogwirizana yekha ndi chinthu chimodzi - zizindikiro kunja matenda mu magawo mochedwa.

Pankhani chachikulu zizindikiro matenda a matenda, iwo kawirikawiri chifukwa ndimagwirizana ya odwala. Komanso, odwala angathe zambiri kufotokoza maganizo awo nthawi zonse kapena kusowa la kupuma kuchokera ku chizolowezi ntchito. M'munsimu muli zizindikiro za matenda, kunachitika magawo oyambirira:

• minofu kufooka;
• dysarthria (vuto kulankhula);
• pafupipafupi spasms minofu;
• dzanzi ndi kufooka kwa nthambi;
• kuwala kukokana kwa minofu.

Zizindikiro zonsezi zikuyenera kuchenjeza aliyense ndi kukhala chifukwa kungapezeke kuti katswiri. Apo ayi, matenda idzapambana, amene ali kangapo kumachititsa matendawo.

matenda

Kodi ALS? The matenda, zizindikiro amene akhala tatchulazi, poyamba amayamba ndi minofu kufooka ndi dzanzi ku malekezero. Ngati kudwala akufotokozera ndi miyendo, odwala amavutika kuyenda, nthawi zonse timapunthwa.

Ngati matenda kumaonekera ndi kusokonezeka kwa miyendo chapamwamba, pali mavuto ndi kukhazikitsa ntchito kwambiri pulayimale (mabatani a shati, kutembenukira kiyi loko wa).

Kodi mungachite kuzindikira matenda ALS? Zimayambitsa matenda 25% milandu ataphimbidwa mu zotupa za medulla oblongata. Poyamba, mavuto ndi mawu kenako Pomeza. Zonsezi kumatanthauza mavuto ndi kutafuna chakudya. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anthu salinso kudya bwino ndi kuonda. Pa nkhani imeneyi, odwala ambiri kugwera mu khalidwe maganizo chifukwa matenda zambiri sikumangotikhudza ntchito chidziwitso.

Odwala ena amavutika kupanga mawu ndipo ngakhale ndende yachibadwa. kuyan'anila Minor wa mtundu uwu ndi zambiri chifukwa kupuma osauka usiku. madokotala tsopano ndi kuuza wodwala za maonekedwe a otaya matenda, chithandizo, n'cholinga choti afike kusankha ndi kudziwa tsogolo lawo.

odwala ambiri kufa kulephera kupuma kapena chibayo. Kawirikawiri, munthu amafa pasanathe zaka zisanu kuchokera tsiku la chitsimikizo cha matenda.

diagnostics

Tsimikizani pamaso pa matenda zitha kukhala katswiri. Pa nkhani imeneyi, ntchito yaikulu kutanthauzira woyenera wa chithunzi wogwila ntchito yachipatala wodwalayo makamaka. Nkofunika kwambiri masiyanidwe matenda a matenda ALS.

1. Electromyography. Njira imeneyi zimathandiza kuti atsimikizire pamaso pa fasciculations mu magawo oyambirira a chitukuko. Pa njirayi, katswiri timagwiritsa ntchito magetsi a minofu.
2. Kujambula limasonyeza nthenda foci adziwe lidzigwira ntchito za nyumba wamanjenje.

Kodi tiyenera kuwaona motani?

Mwatsoka, mankhwala lero sangathe kupereka mankhwala polimbana ndi matenda. Kodi ndingatani kuthetsa matenda ALS? Chithandizo ayenera umalimbana makamaka pa liwiro Inde matenda. miyeso zotsatirazi ntchito zolinga zimenezi:

• wapadera kutikita nthambi;
• ngati kulephera kwa minofu kupuma Amasankhidwa ndi mpweya mawotchi;
• zinachitikira doldrums analimbikitsa asamakhale ndi nkhawa ndiponso antidepressants. Pa mayesero onsewa, mankhwala zotchulidwa anthu paokhapaokha;
• molumikizana mafupa stoped steroidal odana ndi yotupa mankhwala ( "Finlepsin");
• Today akatswiri kupereka odwala onse mankhwala "Riluzole". Iwo ali kanthu kutsimikiziridwa ndi ndi woletsa za kumasulidwa kwa otchedwa asidi glutamic. Pamene ingested mankhwala kuchepetsa kuwonongeka okhudza mitsempha. Komabe, ngakhale izi zikutanthauza sangathe kuchiza wodwala kwathunthu, yekha kubweza ndi ALS matenda;
• magawowa kayendedwe ka mtima pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zapadera (atali, mipando) ndi makolala kwa fixation wathunthu wa khosi.

Mapulaniwo mankhwala selo

M'mayiko ambiri ku Ulaya kwa odwala ALS lero asonyezedwa maselo awo tsinde, zomwe zimathandizanso m'mbuyo chitukuko matenda a. Mtundu uwu wa mankhwala umalimbana patsogolo ntchito yaikulu ya ubongo. maselo tsinde ndi kuziika mu malo zowonongeka, yafupika manyuroni bwino ubongo oxygenation ndi Zimachititsa maonekedwe ziwiya latsopano magazi.

Kutalikirana kwa maselo tsinde okha ndi kupatsidwa zina awo msanga zambiri amachitika kolowera ndi outpatient. Pambuyo mankhwala, wodwalayo akadali masiku 2 kuchipatala komwe madokotala kuyan'ana mkhalidwe wake.

Pa selo mankhwala ndi kutumikiridwa mu CSF ndi puncture lumbar. Kunja kwa thupi saloledwa kubereka paokha, ndi reimplantation ikuchitika okha patapita kuyeretsa mokwanira.

Chofunika, mtundu uwu wa mankhwala akhoza kwambiri msanga matenda ALS. Photo odwala pambuyo miyezi 5-6 pambuyo ndondomeko bwino akutsimikizira mfundo imeneyi. Kwathunthu kuchotsa matenda izo sikungakuthandizeni. Mwatsoka, Zikatero analembedwa, ndipo pamene mankhwala sapereka mphamvu iliyonse.

Pomaliza

Kulosera tsogolo la matenda a matenda ndi pafupifupi nthawi zovuta. Kukula kwa matenda kayendedwe amatipeza kumatanthauza woopsa (zaka 2-6).

M'nkhani ino tinakambirana za chakuti ndi kudwala, monga ALS. Matendawa, omwe zizindikiro mwina siziwoneka kwa nthawi yaitali, simungathe panopa kudzachiritsidwa mpaka kumapeto. Asayansi padziko lonse kupitiriza mwachangu kuphunzira matenda, zimayambitsa ndi chitukuko cha liwiro, kuyesera kupeza mankhwala ogwira.