American billionaire Howard Hughes mbiri, mafilimu, zithunzi

Howard Robard Hyuz, Jr. (12/24/1905 - 05/04/1976) - American woyendetsa, bizinesi ndi sewerolo, amadziwika kuti kudana kwake ndi nkhani, komanso mmene iye anagwiritsa ntchito chuma chake.

mbiri yamoyo ndi maphunziro

Govard Hyuz anabadwa mu Houston, Texas, mwana wa injiniya migodi Howard Robard Hughes Sr. ndi Allen Gano. Mnyamatayo anali ndi zaka zitatu pamene bambo wake anayamba pang'ono zimene zasinthiratu ndi kukumba zitsime za mafuta ndi wabweretsa phindu lalikulu la kampani yake. Ngakhale kuti makolo ake anali anthu sociable boma, Govard ros chete ndi introspective, kusonyeza sukulu kwenikweni, kupatulapo propensity kwa masamu ndi luso kulenga nkhani waya ndi zitsulo zotha. Mwamphamvu Ufumuyo mayi ake, anali kuopa bambo ake. Aliyense amene adakomana naye Patapita zaka, ankadzinenera kuti Govard Hyuz (chithunzi anatengedwa kenako m'nkhani) sindinayambe wofanana ndi iwo.

Pa zaka khumi ndi zinayi iye anavomereza kuti Sukulu Fessenden ku West Newton, Massachusetts. Home pa holide, mayi ake sanamulole kukwera njinga yamoto, poganiza kuti ndi woopsa. Kenako adabwerera njinga wake mu yamoto, akugwiritsa ntchito mbali kwa galimoto sitata ndi batire. Pa nthawi ina, pamene bambo ake anamulonjeza kuti adzakupatsani zimene akufuna, Hughes anasankha ulendo pa bwato chakuwuluka. Kotero anapeza kukongola kwa ndege, umene posachedwapa anakhala yonse.

The miliyoneya wamng'ono

The kubowola pang'ono Hughes ndi mphamvu kwambiri pa chitukuko cha mafuta makampani American. Kuthera nthawi zambiri California, mu September 1921, makolo Howard anatumiza naye Thacher sukulu Ohae, 112 Km kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Los Angeles. amalume ake Rupert Hyuz anali wolemba kutsogolera Hollywood, ndipo mu izo banja anadziwa zigawo apamwamba a m'deralo. M'chaka cha 1922 mayi Howard anamwalira pambuyo opaleshoni. Bambo ndi mwana anabwerera ku Houston, komwe mu 1924, Hughes Sr. anamwalira ndi matenda a mtima pa msonkhano wa malonda bungwe.

Govard Hyuz, amene yonena anali chodetsedwa ndi imfa ya makolo mu pachimake pa moyo wawo, anayamba kukhala ndi mavuto hypochondria, kuopa imfa ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono osakwana zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu. Kenako zongosiya maphunziro ake pa Institute of Rice mu Houston ndi kuchita malonda. Kukhala tinatengera 75% pamtengo mu kampani ya bambo ake, iye anagula otsala 25%, amene anagawanika pakati pa abale. Uyu anali kufunafuna yaitali ndi ndondomeko zovuta chikwiyire zambiri zoipa, zomwe Koma ochepa mukusautsika Howard. Hughes ananena kuti kutenga lamulo, muyenera kukhala amphamvu pa anthu. Ku udindo uwu iye sanapotoloke.

Govard Hyuz ndi akazi ake

Young bizinesi sanali mbali loyang'anira malonda ake, ndipo analemba ganyu anthu amene anadziwa zoyenera kuchita, pafupifupi popanda sachita. chisankho wopambana, ndi kampani inapambana, kulola Hughes kuti nthawi zambiri ufulu. Posakhalitsa anachita chidwi mu Houston wokhala Elloy cheza, pamene anakwatira mu 1925. Anakakhala ku Los Angeles, kumene zokhala filimu sewerolo Howard.

Hughes anali munthu amene anali opanda ntchito malangizo. Iye anachita chirichonse chimene iye afuna. filimu yake yoyamba, kufufuma Hogan, izo zinali zoipa kuti anali konse anatulutsidwa koma wachiwiri Aliyense akuchita ( «kusewera onse," 1926), anali bwino, ngati awiri Arabia Knights ( «awiri Arab Knight", 1927 g), motsogoleredwa ndi Lewis Takwanitsa William Boyd mu udindo mutu. riboni Last anabweretsa Takwanitsa "Oscar" kwa wotsogolera bwino sewero lanthabwala. Mafilimu zotsatirazi Hughes, mating Yimbani The chomenyera (onse awiri 1928), zathandiza zokwanira kuuzira iye kuti mupewe epic za ndege pa nkhondo World Ine, "Angelo a Gahena", kuwombera yomwe inatenga zaka ziwiri ndi theka. Howard mowolowa manja chosaneneka ndalama, kugula ndege ndi wolembedwa ntchito yakulipidwa ndege, pafupifupi mu mawu pang'ono chabe mpweya mphamvu mu San Fernando Valley. Chithunzi bajeti anafika $ 4 miliyoni - yochititsa kuchuluka mu masiku amenewo, Hughes anatenga nthawi 300 kuposa kunali koyenera. Kumasulidwa m'chilimwe cha 1930 pa maganizo dziko, filimu inali ankalandira, koma anatenga nthawi yaitali kuphimba ndalama.

ndalama ukwati ndi Howard. Hughes anathetsa Elloy cheza - mkaziyo anabwerera Houston, kukangana kuti n'zosatheka kukakwatiwa ndi mwamuna amene anali atanganidwa ndi ntchito yake ndipo anali kawirikawiri kunyumba. Pambuyo limapanga izi chibwenzi ndi Ammayi Billi Dav, amene nyenyezi awiri mwa filimu wake lotsatira M'badwo wa Chikondi ( «M'badwo wa Chikondi") ndipo tambala wa Air. Iwo anatuluka mu 1931, koma sanali bwino, ngati chibwenzi ndi Nkhunda, omwe anali woyamba mu mzere wautali zokhota wake ndi actresses. Govard Hyuz ndi Ava Gardner, iye ndi Rita Hayworth, Dzhindzher Rodzhers, Lana Turner, Ida Lupino, Bett Deyvis, Sid Charris - iwo onse anali pa okonda imodzi.

Tsinde la ndege la

Hyuz Govard ndege ya World Choyamba wasonyeza kamodzinso mu filimu "Kumwamba Ziwanda" (1931), imene udindo waukulu ankaimba ndi Spenser Treysi, koma filimu analephera kubwereza mlanduwo, "Angelo a Gahena". zinthu bwino anali mu Front Page (1931) ndi Scarface (1932), amene ankaona mini-yakale.

Hughes ananena kuti tepi lotsatira lidzakhala pa airships, koma ulamuliro wa kampani yake Hughes Chida anakaniza ndalama pa epic wina. Anamvera malangizo awo, ngakhale kuposa iwo ankayembekezera. Govard Hyuz filimu osati anayamba vula, anakana malonda filimu. Mu 1933 anakhazikitsa mu Glendale, California, Hughes ndege. zaka zisanu ndi zinayi kenako anasamukira mu Culver City, kumene anakulira lina la makampani kopindulitsa kwambiri kupanga ndege mu dziko.

mpweya Ace

Govard Hyuz - ndi aviator mu 1934, mphoto pa Zonse-American Mpikisano mpweya Miami, piloting ndi "Boeing" anawagula ku Army US ndi reworked mu ndege anagona. Mu September 1935, iye anapereka latsopano liwiro mbiri pa galimoto, amene iye anayamba, ndipo mu January chaka chamawa, anapereka latsopano transcontinental liwiro umboni, ndege kuchokera Los Angeles ku Newark, New Jersey, pakuti 9 h. 12 min. mpweya wake wa ulendo anamuika wotchuka chithunzi womkanikizawo ndi Airways, makamaka mu 1938, pamene atatembenuzidwa ziwiri injini "Lockheed 14" ndi gulu la anthu anayi iye mwazunguliza dzikoli masiku 3 12 h. 28 min. Mu May 1939, kampani, amene anadzatchedwa monga Trans World Airlines, linakhala cholowa cha Howard. Hughes ndi zinafika pa msika wa ndege malonda, ndi m'dzinja chaka chomwecho anayamba kupanga mitundu yatsopano ya ndege asilikali mwambo wa United States kuphatikizidwa pa nkhondo.

Mlandu wakupha

June 11, 1936 Hughes galimoto pa Wilshire Boulevard ndi anagwetsa munthu pansi imfa ndi dzina la Gabriel Meyer. Iye anamangidwa ndi mlandu wakupha. Ngakhale kuti galimoto lake mosasamala, adaunyema chilamulo, Hughes linatulutsidwa kwaulere. M'buku lake "Govard Hyuz: The Chinsinsi Moyo" (2004), Charlz Hayem ananena kuti m'masiku amenewo, chigawo Maloya akhoza kuwagula ndi kuwagulitsa, ndi mwini wa kuchuluka okwanira akhoza kulipira chilichonse.

"Woswa malamulo"

Mu 1940 Hughes anayambitsa kampani ina yopanga. Iye analengeza kuti adzakhazikitsa filimu za Billy Quidet zinapanga zisudzo osadziwika monga Billy ndi bwenzi lake. Zikatero, iye anasankha naintini Dzheyn Rassel, mwachionekere, chifukwa cha kugwira kwake bwino anayamba. Pachifukwa ichi, chithunzi The woswa malamulo ( «anagwirizana zothetsa", 1943) chinaperekedwa ku kufufuza, limene linkagwiritsidwa anaphimba pa TV. Hughes akuchita nawo kutsogolera. Pambuyo chiletso koyamba pa kuwonetsera chinthuzi, iye potsiriza chilolezo ganyu, koma anaganiza kudikira zaka ziwiri chidwi anthu unakula kwambiri. Mpake kuti amatchedwa ridiculously zoipa film, The woswa malamulo akadali anapanga mamiliyoni kwa Howard.

Hughes pa kuwombera chithunzi zinkayenera kuti zichitidwe. Mu 1943, anayamba kugwira ntchito mphamvu ndi Wokhoma zombo Henry Kaiser ndipo anapambana mgwirizano boma kumanga zitatu zikuluzikulu maboti ndege. Koma mmodzi yekha inamangidwa - ichi ndi ndege wotchuka "Hercules" Howard Hughes. Order pa maboti zouluka chinathetsedwa pamene kunapezeka kuti iwo sakanakhoza panthawi ntchito pa nkhondo. Mapangano ena ndegeyo anali zimafika.

ngozi ndege

Nthawi zonse zachilendo mu makhalidwe awo ndi khalidwe la tycoon wakhala kwambiri eccentric. Komabe, Govard Hyuz, amene yonena ladzala ndi ngozi, anali ndi luso lochititsa chidwi kwambiri kukhala ndi moyo. July 7, 1946 mayeso ndege mu injini wake XF 11 adakana. The ndege inaonongeka, chakumene ndi kutentha. Pilot kutulutsidwa wreckage ndi mawere sagging, nthiti wosweka ndi anakana kuunika. Madokotala ankakayikira kuti sadzamwalira. Komabe, m'mwezi magnate adatsitsimuka ndipo anayamba kuwuluka kachiwiri. Ochepa ankadziwa kuti Howard Hughes matenda wake "ankachitira" codeine.

Mafilimu ndi ndege

Ngakhale ululu ndi mavuto ndi Aviation Corporation, Hughes anabwerera mafilimu, mwina chifukwa cha phindu ndi kutchuka amene anapereka filimu The woswa malamulo. Iye walemba zimenezi ndi odziwika Hollywood kanjedza awiri, Harold Lloyd ndi Preston Sturges, chifukwa kuwombela sewero lanthabwala misala Lachitatu ( «Wopenga Lachitatu", 1947), koma chikuyembekezeka ndithu. Hughes anatenga wake wokondedwa - 22 wazaka Feyt Domerg - momwe mulinso mu zovala sewero Vendetta ( «Vendetta", 1948). Govard Hyuz film, ichi, mwatsoka, anakakamizika kuvala shelufu, ngakhale anaona kuipa chithunzi.

Limodzi ndi kuwombera, iye anali ndi zinthu zina zoti achite, mmodzi amene Ankafunanso kubwezeretsa XF 11, ndi kusonyeza airworthiness ake, ndipo iye anachita April 5, 1947 Patapita miyezi inayi, anamuchitira umboni kwa Asilikali Investigative Komiti ya Senate pa ntchito yake chitetezo womanga. Hughes anapanga adani ambiri panthawi ya nkhondo Komanso, iye sanali bwino monga mmene ankayembekezera. Hughes ndege Company sanakhaliretu chimphona, mmene iye anakonzera - zimachitika kenaka Space Age. Chachikulu "Hercules" kwenikweni mlandu airworthy ankatsutsa Hughes pandege kwa mphindi zochepa pa madzi a gombe la Long Beach, November 2, 1947.

Kodi miliyoni 40?

Mu 1945, mtolankhani, Westbrook Pegler ananena kuti adaona dossier FBI, amene ankanena kuti Hughes ntchito chuma chake mozemba kupeza Mapangano boma. Chaka chotsatira, Owen Brewster, wapampando wa asilikali Investigative Komiti ya Senate, ananena kuti ankafuna kwambiri kuti boma andipatsa Howard $ 40 miliyoni pa chitukuko ndi kupanga ndege awiri amene sanayambe apangidwa. Iye ananenanso kuti Pulezidenti Franklin D. Roosevelt, ndi maganizo a akatswiri ake ankhondo anapereka Hughes ndi zimenezi kwa kupanga F-11 NK-1 (amatchedwanso "Hercules").

Brewster ananena kuti Hughes bungwe maphwando akuluakulu a boma amene anafuna kusonkhezera zochita tsogolo lawo. Howard starlet analipira $ 200 Iwo anatenga gawo mu iwo. Ntchito yawo inali kusambira mu maliseche mu dziwe Hughes. Dzhulius Krag, mutu wa bungwe la kupanga nkhondo, anali mmodzi wa anthu amene kawirikawiri maphwando amenewa. Kongeresi wina, yemwenso anali alendo kawirikawiri mu nyumba ya Howard, anati: "Ngati ziri zoona kuti iwo analipira $ 200, iwo kwambiri ndalama zochepa."

Hughes mlandu wa chivundi ndi zinawukhira mudziwe kuti atolankhani Dryu Pirsonu ndi Jack Anderson kuti Owen Brewster analandira ndalama pa kampani Pan American Airways (Pan Am), kunyengerera iye. Malinga Howard, Pan Am anali kuyesera kutsimikizira boma US kulenga okhawo a dziko boma lolamulidwa ake. Mbali ya dongosolo anali kukakamiza onse onyamula alipo US ndi ntchito kunja, pafupi kapena kuphatikiza ndi Pan Am. Monga mwini Trans World Airlines, Hughes ndi loopsa kwambiri kwa ndondomekoyi. Ndi Howard anati Brewster anamuyandikira ndi mwatsatanetsatane kuti kuphatikiza ndi Trans World Pan Am. Pamene iye anakana, wapampando wa komitiyi inayamba chopaka ntchito yochotsa iye.

Dryu Pirson ndi Dzhek Anderson anakhulupirira Hughes ndi anapezerapo kampeni awo ndi Owen Brewster. Iwo anati Pan Am wapampando wa komiti ya anapereka flights ufulu Houben Sound, Florida, kumene iye anali mlendo tchuthi kunyumba a wachiwiri kwa Pulezidenti Pan Am Sam Pryor. milandu yonseyi anabwerezedwanso ndi Hughes pamene anakaonekera usilikali kufufuza komiti Senate. Iye mlandu Brewster moyesera kuti akuyendeni pansi iye ncholinga ndi pophatikizana ndi Trans World Pan Am. Wapampando wa komiti adatsutsa zinadziwika, koma anathandiza zingasokoneze m'magazini ya misappropriation a madola 40 miliyoni ndalama pagulu.

Asilikali kufufuza komiti Senate konse anamaliza lipoti lake NDR F-11 HK-1. Komiti anatseka misonkhano yake ndipo kenako kusungunuka.

Kugula ndi kugulitsa RKO situdiyo

Obsessive-zinazake matenda - zimene kupweteka Govard Hyuz - sanamulole kuvomereza kugonjetsedwa kwake. Mu 1948, iye anagula Hollywood situdiyo RKO. Hughes anali ndi opareshoni kwa zaka zisanu, pamene otsala mu ofesi yake pa Goldwyn situdiyo, kamodzi kokha anapita dera la RKO. mafilimu ochepa m'zaka, chuma ndakuwonetserani, ndi alimi onse, atsogoleri ndi screenwriters RKO anadandaula amene akuikwanitsa ndi Hughes kukambirana mavuto awo. Pomaliza, yotsirizira ananena kuti anafunika RKO komanso, ngati mliri, ndi situdiyo sizigulitsidwa $ 25 miliyoni, amene, pambuyo ngongole alipire kwa ma sheya hoda ndi achilamulo iye wasiya $ 6 miliyoni.

M'munsi mwa Institute of Medicine

Howard zinthu mu mabungwe ena, makamaka ndege, pa zaka zimene kunandithandiza umwini wa RKO, ndipo chuma chake Akuti mu mamilioni. Inali nthawi imeneyi kuti anayambitsanso Howard Hughes Institute Medical ku Florida, omwe ankasonyeza kuti amaganizira za majeremusi ndi matenda. Iye analonjeza kuti bequeath kuti akhazikitse kwambiri chuma chake kwa munthu m'malo ake anachita chinachake wabwino. Nthawi payekha, anakhala kwambiri reclusive ndipo m'kupita kwanthawi anasiya kulankhulana ndi onse koma kasamalidwe ka bizinesi. Mu 1957, anakwatira Ammayi Dzhin Peters, koma ukwati anali sagwirizana nazo, monga Othandizana naye kawirikawiri ankakhala moyo palimodzi. Iwo analekana mu 1971.

Howard Hughes mbiri. Matenda ndi zaka lomaliza

Kaya zolephera ukwati kapena mafilimu bwino kwa Hughes pomanga ndege ndi asilikali ndege ananyamuka. Koma maganizo onse anachita izi ndi zoyipa pa umoyo wake, ndipo mu 1958, Howard anali ndi kusokonezeka kwa mitsempha.

Mu 1965, Atomic Energy Commission analengeza kuti akanayamba mayeso nyukiliya pa Pahute Mesa, 150 monga mtunda kuchokera kunyumba ya Howard Hughes. Iye tinagwirizananso Richard Nixon, koma iye anakana motsutsana ndi mayesero oterewa. Pa 1968 kampeni pulezidenti wachiŵiri Robert Hughes anakumana ndi Mayo Hubert Humphrey mu Denver. Mayo anauza Humphrey kuti Hughes ndi okonzeka kulipira iye 100 zikwi. Madola ngati adzachita chinachake ndi mayesero amenewa nyukiliya. Humphrey analonjeza kuti ngati anasankhidwa, izo adzamuika ntchito sayansi kuphunzira zotsatira cheza.

Malinga ndi mlembi wa buku lakuti "Govard Hyuz: The Chinsinsi Moyo", Hughes anasangalala kwambiri ndipo analonjeza kuti Komiti ya madola 300 zikwi .. Koma Hughes akhagopa kuti Bobby Kennedy zikuwayendera Humphrey, chosowacho kukongola, wachikoka ndi dzina la Goliyati. June 4, 1968 , Robert Kennedy anaphedwa. Hughes ankadera nkhawa kuti Edward Kennedy lidzaloŵa m'malo m'bale wake, choncho anaganiza chiphuphu Larry O'Brien, mutu wa kampeni Kennedy. Robert Mayo O'Brien anakumana ku Las Vegas, July 4, 1968 Chifukwa cha msonkhano izo anavomera kuti Hughes adzalipira O'Brien $ 15,000 pamwezi.

Pa Hughes ali kukangana ndi boma pa msonkho, pamapeto, anasiya California ndipo anasamukira ku Nevada. Mu 1967, anagula chipululu Ogona ku Las Vegas kuti kwawo ndi likulu la makampani Nevada. Mu 1966, iye anagulitsa TWA madola miliyoni 566. Patatha zaka zinayi, Hughes anagula Air West.

Poopa kupereka msonkho, mu November 1970 Hughes anasamukira ku hotelo Britannia Beach Hotel, yomwe ili Bahamas m'Paradaiso. Kenako sanabwerere ku United States. The zaka zisanu zomalizira za moyo wake anali anasamuka ku hotelo wina mwanaalirenji ndi mzake.

Imfa mu ndege

Hughes anakhala recluse, kukhala kumbuyo khungu chatsekedwa. Anasamukira Managua (Nicaragua), ndiye - mu Vancouver, London, Freeport mu Bahamas, ndipo potsiriza, mu Acapulco (Mexico). Mu 1972 anagulitsa Hughes Chida kampani kwa $ 150 miliyoni. chuma cha Summa a bungweli wake, amene amalowerera onse a bizinesi yake, akhala pafupifupi $ 2 biliyoni. Ngakhale chuma chake, ndi billionaire anali mtundu wa munthu ali pa umphawi wadzaoneni. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, Govard Hyuz sanali kuchitira matenda na kupimana kudya bwino. Watopa: pa nthawi ya imfa ya thupi lake anali makilogalamu 42 okha. Hughes sanalole omuthandizira ake kusamalira ndekha, mpaka ine potsiriza anakomoka. Iwo anayesera kuti asamukire ku Houston, koma ndi nthawi ndege inatera, wafa kale. Govard Hyuz anamwalira mu ndege, zinali zabwino kwa iye, chifukwa mu mlengalenga, anamva kunyumba. Wopanda miliyoneya dziko lake ndi dzina limene lakhala nthano.

A filimu za Howard Hughes, "The Aviator" analandira maulemu pamwamba pa mwambo wa "Golden Globe" mu Hollywood. Komanso, chitsanzo wakhala kupereka zisanu "ma Oscar" mphoto Screen zisudzo munalidi gulu mphoto ndi anayi British Academy of Film ndi TV Tirhana. Govard Hyuz (DiCaprio) kukuonetsedwa mu nthawi ya moyo wake malemu 1920s mochedwa 1940s.