Arsenic poyizoni: zizindikiro zimayambitsa, thandizo, zotsatira

Izi amafotokozera mankhwala - chida ankakonda ambanda. Iye anawonekera mu ntchito zambiri zopeka ndipo nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha imfa ya kanjedza akuluakulu andale. Iwo thanzi ndi oyera amuna recalcitrant. Ena mwa mankhwala ake akhoza kuwononga anthu ngakhale zedi kakang'ono, koma Komano, madzi mchere ndi zina mankhwala okhala izi, kuthandiza mwakale. Ndi nthawi kuchotsa aura chinsinsi ndi kudziwa bwino ndi mankhwala Osamva ndi woopsa.

Arsenic - chinthu mankhwala amadziwika dongosolo zodziwitsa monga Arsenic lapansi. Atomic number - 33, amatanthauza semimetals. Valence kusintha Mbali yaikulu limachititsa kupeza katundu osiyana mankhwala, ena amene akhoza kupha munthu, ndi zina, m'malo mwake, kuchiritsa matenda monga khansa ndi khansa.

katundu amafotokozera

Arsenic zili mu kutumphuka pang'ono. Si anapanga pa njira magmatic chifukwa cha osakhalitsa awo pa Kutentha, koma chiphala kuphulika Arsenic mankhwala m'mlengalenga zambiri. Pali za zana limodzi ndi makumi asanu ndi atatu ofotokoza mchere Arsenic, popeza amafotokozera izi zingatenge valence osiyana. Koma ndi ambiri mu chikhalidwe zolumukizidwa ndi Arsenic sulfure (Monga ₂ S chilinganizo _3).

Osati mu chikhalidwe?

Mu moyo ambiri ndi kutithandiza - Gray Arsenic (chilinganizo - α-Monga). Ndi osalimba ndithu amaoneka otuwa mtundu chimene chimazilala mu mlengalenga wokutidwa ndi filimu chifukwa kukhudzana yaitali ndi mlengalenga. Palinso wachikasu, wakuda ndi zofiirira kulemba amafotokozera, Atayendetsa Kutentha mu imvi.

Anawakonzera Kutentha izo miyala, munali Arsenic kapena Arsenic yafupika ku oxides ake oyera.

nkhani

Choyamba Arsenic - poizoni. Koma m'nthawi yakaleyo, anthu ena amagwiritsa ntchito mchere izi kwa utoto ndi mankhwala. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mu mawonekedwe Arsenic ake oyera anakwanitsa kufika Albert Wamkulu mu chakhumi ndi chitatu m'ma AD. Mu ntchito zake Paracelsus ananenanso chinthu ichi, koma pansi pa dzina lina. M'mayiko kum'mawa, limodzi ndi anthu a ku Ulaya, nayenso anaphunzira katundu wa nkhaniyi chodabwitsa ndipo akhoza ngakhale oterewa imfa poizoni. Koma chidziwitso chawo samabwera pansi mpaka pano.

Zimabweretsa osiyana, Arsenic wakhala anayambitsa mu tebulo nthawi ya Antuanom Lavuaze.

Zoyambitsa poyizoni

Arsenic poyizoni - osati osungira nyama mu nthawi yathu. Koma m'malo ngozi ya vinyo kuposa kupha akulimbana. Kukumana zingakhale pafupifupi kulikonse:

• m'chilengedwe: pansi kuti kudyetsa magwero mukhoza kudutsa miyala kuti muli mchere izi;
• anapeza utsi: kuyatsa zinyalala mafakitale ndi poizoni kwambiri;
• mu nsomba: komanso Arsenic ndi woterowu madzi ozizira, pa kuphulitsa mapiri ili pansi pa nyanja, akhoza ingested ndi nsomba ndi nkhono;
• makampani: Ntchito ankamuthandiza amafotokozera mu kupanga galasi, michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi kapena zipangizo zina.

Komanso, sitingathe kukusalani dala Arsenic poizoni ngati pofuna kudzipha kapena kupha.

The pathogenesis poyizoni

Kulowa thupi kudzera pakhungu, mapapo kapena matumbo, Arsenic ikuchitika kudzera m'magazi thupi lonse, ozama mu ziwalo zonse ndipo zimakhala. Iye sangakhoze kuthetsa magazi ubongo chotchinga, koma bwino mu nsengwa, ndi poyizoni mwana wosabadwayo. A nthawi yaitali achire angazindikire poizoni, ngakhale sabata pambuyo poyizoni wa.

A mlingo woopsa wa magalamu kuchokera 0,05 kuti 0.2. Ndipo analandira zimakhala imodzi ndi pang'onopang'ono, ngati pali poyizoni aakulu. Kawirikawiri chikhalidwe ichi zimawonedwa mu alimi, ubweya ndi makampani chikopa komanso makampani mankhwala.

chipatala

Pamene mlingo woopsa ndi mkati, zotsatira zake osati amakakamizidwa kudikira. ola theka Munthu akayamba kuona zizindikiro za kuledzera monga mutu, kutopa, kufooka, nseru, kusanza. Iwo sali yeniyeni poizoni iliyonse. Wangokhala anachita ndi zotsatira za poizoni. Kuonetsetsa zinafika Arsenic poizoni? Zizindikiro monga:

• cramping ululu pamimba;
• kutsekula m'mimba monga madzi mpunga;
• kugonjetsedwa adyo mpweya;
• madzi m'thupi kwambiri ndi ludzu.

Malinga ndi mmene dongosolo ntchito poizoni mu malo oyamba, pezani njira zosiyanasiyana poyizoni: m'mimba, mtima, mkodzo, manjenje. Komanso, monga tatchulazi, izo zikuchitika ndi aakulu Arsenic poizoni. Zizindikiro mu nkhani iyi si osauka kwambiri mofulumira ndi kutchulidwa zambiri mu khungu;

1. Hyperkeratosis: kwambiri yopanga wosanjikiza pamwamba pa khungu.
2. Redness kapena mtundu m'madera khungu woonda - zikope, m'khwapa, akachisi khosi, nsonga zamabele ndi kumaliseche.
3. Desquamation ndi khungu roughness.
4. Maonekedwe a mizere yoyera mbale misomali.

miyeso mwamsanga

thandizo vuto la poizoni ndi Arsenic kusanduka kutsuka m'mimba ndi madzi ambiri ndi kusamba ndi khungu. Ngati munthu ali chikomokere, ndiye pambuyo n'kupatuka pa mbali yake, Akufunika kuti itanani ambulansi. Palibe musataye wozunzidwayo ndi mankhwala ofewetsa tuvi tolimba kapena sorbents. Ngati poizoni kale anakwanitsa kufika maselo ofiira, zinthu izi zingathandize pang'ono.

Zikavuta m'pofunika kuyamba CPR isanafike madokotala. Zizindikiro za Arsenic poyizoni angalakwitse matenda yachibadwa matumbo, kotero sindilephera tsatanetsatane wa poizoni mankhwala.

Chithandizo pachipatala kuchipatala

Arsenic poyizoni amafuna m'chipatala ndi anaziika akatswiri. Wozunzidwayo zofunika mpweya inhalation, wochuluka olanda mankhwala kuchotsa zatsalira ululu m'thupi. Ngati kusanthula limasonyeza kuti wodwalayo kuchepetsa hemoglobin ndi erythrocytes, ndiye zina kutumikiridwa osakaniza shuga-novocaine. Pamene nthunzi mpweya Arsenic angathe mucosal edema chifukwa, ife ntchito molimbika kupuma. Pankhaniyi, wodwala ayenera kulowa aminophylline mu Zikavuta ngakhale zikhalire kwa kulumikiza makina.

A adakalibe yeniyeni imatengedwa "Unithiol" (waukulu yogwira mankhwala - dimercaprol), zomwe chimango ndi ndipamene insoluble Arsenic pawiri kungakhale linanena bungwe mu mkodzo. mankhwala chikuyendetsedwera pa mlingo wa mamiligalamu 2-3 pa kilogalamu ya kulemera kwa thupi. Bwerezaninso mawola asanu ndi limodzi pa tsiku loyamba, kenako kawiri pa tsiku masabata.

dokotala ayenera kupeza momwe amphamvu wodwala Arsenic poizoni. Chithandizo kudzadalira mlingo wa poizoni. njira zamakono n'zotheka kukhazikitsa bwino kwambiri.

ukatswiri malamulo

Amadziwika kuti kwa nthawi yaitali Arsenic poyizoni akhoza salangidwa ambanda, chifukwa sikunali kotheka kuti azindikire ndi poizoni mu magazi a munthu kapena tsitsi. Mbiriyakale amagwirizana kuti Napoleon Bonaparte atangomwalira ku ululu, koma Baibulo boma ananena kuti chifukwa ali Popanda kuchitapo kanthu chapamimba khansa.

Kuti zochitika ngati sichidzabwerezedwa, ndi watilakwira ankapezeka, akatswiri ndi sayansi padziko lonse, osati mawu, anayamba kufunafuna njira kudziwa Arsenic mu thupi la munthu wovulalayo. phunziro ili m'gulu Robert Boyle, Olaf Bergman, Carl Scheele ndi Dzheyms Marsh. Ndicho otsiriza a iwo anali kupeza nthawi zatsopano wake woyera Arsenic, amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati umboni. zochita tilinazo posonyeza 0.001g poizoni zili mu mwazi wa womwalirayo.

zaka zana pambuyo Arsenic poyizoni salinso ankaimira chinsinsi cha kufufuza, monga akatswiri akwaniritsa mogometsa kwambiri ndi suoneka wa ndondomeko.

mipherezero asilikali

Nkhondo World ine, pamene ntchito mpweya wa poizoni analowa bwalo limatanthauza nkhondo, asayansi nsangala anayamba kuyesa chida latsopano. Chemical kuukira adani Arsenic mankhwala kapena nthunzi anachititsa zithupsa, khungu necrosis, kutupa nembanemba wa mucous, ndi imfa mwa suffocation pamaso poizoni limalowera mu m'magazi. Ngakhale woipa otsika zinali zokwanira kulichotsera mwamuna ndi kumupha. Wina chida amenewa anali lewisite. Iye anali ndi fungo wokondeka wa ukufalikira geraniums, koma ngakhale dontho la izo zikanakhoza kwambiri kuwononga thupi. Tikafika izi asilikali kuti "mame a imfa."

madzi mchere

Analola ndende ya Arsenic pa lita imodzi ya madzi akumwa - 50 micrograms. Koma mu 2002, mlingo uwu wakhala ndikusinthidwa, chifukwa mu kwambiri kuyeza - mpaka micrograms 10. Nkhawa pa phunziro yagoletsa mu Taiwan. madzi awo artesian munali ndi kuchuluka kwa Arsenic kuti chinali chodabwitsa, iwo sali zinatha. Ndende nthawi oposa 180 kuposa ponseponse chovomerezeka ndi mfundo lero.

Panali funso za madzi mankhwala ndi yobereka ku madera a Asia South-East pa mtengo wotsikitsitsa zachuma. Chophweka njira anali ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa trivalent Arsenic kuti pentavalent ndi depositing izo.

ofunsira Medical

Zedi yaing'ono, pafupifupi onse zinthu za dongosolo nthawi D. I. Mendeleeva ndi koyenera kuti uziyenda yachibadwa mwa anthu, n'zosadabwitsa iwo alipo mu thupi. Ndipo amene sanaumve mawu kuti Mlingo yaing'ono ululu - mankhwala? Amadziwika kuti Arsenic amathandiza kusintha magazi, imathandizira kagayidwe ndi liwiro kukula kwa zimakhala, kuphatikizapo fupa. Ngakhale Mlingo yaing'ono bwino chitetezo cha m'thupi. Kale, phala la mankhwala Arsenic ntchito pofuna kuchiza zilonda ndi mabala lotseguka, zilonda zapakhosi, relapsing malungo.

M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chitatu Thomas Fowler anatulukira njira pamaziko a Arsenic, wotchedwa ndi dzina lake ndi ntchito zochizira matenda amisala ndi khungu. Wofuna mankhwala ndi ena ofanana pachimake pa mphambano ya zaka chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu ndi chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi. Koma ndi kukhazikitsa zinthu zatsopano pa sayansi, umagwirira ndi thupi la munthu pambuyo chirengedwe chonse poizoni pawiri uyu anali kuwuluridwa, ndi kulitsatira anayamba kutha.

Natural madzi mchere apindula ndi Arsenic, ndipo tsopano ntchito zochizira magazi m'thupi, khansa ndi matenda ena pa mundawo m'mimba. Komanso, iye ali gawo la Malemu, amene ntchito zodzoladzola. zachilengedwe a chinthu ichi ndi nsomba, mpunga zakutchire, dzinthu, mphodza, kaloti, mphesa (ndi zoumba), strawberries.