Batik kwa oyamba: Nsonga oyamba ambuye. maphunziro nsalu kwa oyamba: bwanji kuti adziwe njira ya nsalu?

M'dziko pali zambiri mitundu zosiyanasiyana zamanja. Mwa iwo akuima kunja nsalu, amene kwa zaka mazana sanataye kutchuka kwake, mu dziko. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, ndi azimuth yapamwamba kwambiri dziko mafashoni. Sikuti kugula zinthu zapamwamba zomangidwa. luso lakale ali kupezeka munthu aliyense chidwi. zinthu mwakathithi inu angalenge nokha, popeza katswiri nsalu kwa oyamba.

Mbiri ya zamanja wakale

Dzina la wapadera nsalu izi luso kupenta lachokera ku Indonesia mawu «nsalu». The syllable "Ba" amatanthauza "thonje nsalu" ndi "tik" - "kusiya", "mfundo". Batik kwa oyamba mu tinganene, ndi dzanja utoto zakuthupi. mtundu wa nsalu mural ndi inayake processing luso, chekeni ndi zokongoletsa abwino dongosolo zakuthupi. Aliyense zilumba za Indonesia ndi India kwa zaka anthu ena amagwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi mankhwala nsalu ndi utoto achilengedwe. Njira yotchuka kwambiri ya chilengedwe ndi chitukuko cha nsalu anali pafupi. Java.

nsalu m'nyumba ankagwiritsa ntchito pa maziko ndi dzanja. Iye anasamala mwapadera lokonzekera. nsaluzo ankawaviika, yophika, nsaluzi zinkangokhala. Master m'njira zambiri akwaniritsa pachilichonse ake ndi osalimba ankafuna. The kupenta wa odulidwa akanakhoza kutenga masiku angapo. yachitika Aika anali: likunka, ankaudaya, atayanika. masitepe awa anali mobwerezabwereza kangapo kupeza chitsanzo osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zina, minofu chithandizo inkakhala m'zinthu 5-10. Chinsinsi cha utoto achilengedwe mosamalitsa kulondera. zovala zathu anatsimikiza kugwirizana ofanana anthu, Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira wake ndi chuma chawo. nkhani kupenta anali osiyana chito zovuta kwambiri kuti zojambula chabe. Nthawi zambiri kudutsa amajambulapo maluwa okongola achipembedzo ndi mtundu wanyimbo. Ngakhale kufala lonse wa luso limeneli ku Indonesia, Europe ndi America, zikuoneka zokha m'zaka za m'ma makumi awiri.

Chikhazikitso cha luso kupenta

Batik kwa oyamba zochokera ntchito kwa minofu contours zithunzi yosavuta. Choncho malo amene sayenera akuda chisanafike TACHIMATA ndi sera kapena wapadera mphira pawiri. Pambuyo kumiza minofu ankachitira mu chidebe cha utoto zikuchokera, zotsalira ake kuchotsedwa pang'onopang'ono. Pofuna kukwaniritsa Mipikisano wosanjikiza chitsanzo kubwereza ndondomeko kangapo. minofu iliyonse musanayambe kugwira ntchito, ayenera bwinobwino osambitsidwa.

Kuli njira kulenga nsalu

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana mwa zomwe mungathe kupeza nsalu zabwino kwambiri. Pakuti oyamba akhoza amalangiza otchedwa "ozizira" njira. Bukuli lili pa ntchito ya contours a zikuchokera wapadera zochokera simenti mphira. Batik ntchito nsalu mu utoto silika, koma angathe kuchizidwa ndi zina zimakhala ena.

Maziko a ndondomeko imeneyi ndi "malo", lomwe limatanthauza chotsatira nsalu zikuchokera ena n'cholinga kuzindikira ndi kusunga yosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana maziko. Batik kwa oyamba anayamba patapita nthawi yaitali "chamoto". Chotero njira processing minofu latheka ndi chitukuko zimapangidwira.

Akudzisungira nyimbo kwa nsalu ozizira

Akudzisungira zikuchokera bwino imatengedwa kuti ndi mizere amatanthauza "Gutta", umene umabala kampani "Kroyl". Mbale ndi machubu ndi nozzles wapadera, nozzles wa diameters zosiyanasiyana yabwino kwambiri opareshoni. Kuthetsa chinthu Ichi ndi pa mafuta ndi madzi ofotokoza. Pali colorless ndi akuda mankhwala. Pasanathe zachilengedwe wochezeka ndi yabwino analinso mphira zomatira, mankhwala phula ndi mafuta. Kuti 500 ga ndi malo improvised chofunika 50 g wa zomatira, 430 ga mafuta, 20 ga wa phula ndi 220 ga zomatira, 230 ga mafuta, 50 g wa paraffin. Chotero ndichisangalalo ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito zipangizo zapadera. Nthawi zambiri, zimenezi pogwiritsa ntchito kapu chubu ku posungira.

Batik maselo oyamba ndi bwino kusankha zapamwamba kapena zongopeka. Ndi kusintha ndi kupeza kuyeseza, mukhoza kusuntha kwa kapangidwe zovuta kwambiri ndi zosamvetsetseka.

zofunikira kwa kukhazikitsa nsalu ozizira

Pofuna kusokoneza nsalu ntchito mwakhama, musunge malamulo angapo oti azitsatira zoyambirira za malo ozizira:

• misa ayenera kuthi kugwirizana;

• dera ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mzere yothandizira;

• sharpness kumva za mzere stylistically Mzimuyo malangizo a ntchito.

"Hot" nsalu kupenta kwa oyamba

Mtundu wa processing minofu ndi mtundu wamkulu wa kupenta. Monga ulamuliro, iwo akutchedwa "otentha nsalu". Kuthetsa zinthu Pankhaniyi, chabe otentha. Tikamatsatira anasungunuka sera chiŵerengero OSATI, ndi zidutswa zolochedwa amalenga dongosolo lapadera la kupenta. Wapadera nsalu izi kuti ngakhale pamene akuyesa molondola motsanzira stenciled chokongoletsera chilichonse sikutheka kuti makope zofanana. Sera umagwiritsidwa ndi chida chapadera, imene Indonesia amatchedwa "apadera". Komanso, mawonekedwe ake angakhale osiyana, koma mfundo opaleshoni amakhalabe yofanana. Places yokutidwa ndi phula, musati kuyamwa penti ndi kuchepetsa kufala pamwamba pa nsalu. Njira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mitundu kanthu, anapanga thonje.

Hot options yomasuka

Pali Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana riziki:

• 500 ga ndi waxy misa fakitale;

• 250 ga stearin kapena paraffin, 230 ga ndi sera yokumba, 20 ga mafuta odzola ;

• 400 ga stearin kapena paraffin, 100 ga sera achilengedwe.

Nkhokwe misa isungunuke uniformly kwa banja. Amanena za nsalu mwa kuika contours usilikali. Pambuyo yozizira, nkhani zikuchokera maburashi penti ndi sera zotsalira. Pamene munakonza zovuta dongosolo Mipikisano wosanjikiza adzafunika mobwerezabwereza ntchito makonzedwe ndi chuma kudetsa mu mithunzi ankafuna. Pa chiphaso cha kutha kwa sera zatsalira misa kuchotsedwa kangapo ndi kusita pepala nsalu okutira.

Kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa nsalu chi

Monga Akatswiri ndipo okonza mafashoni kuti anazindikira kukongola ndi wapadera njira processing minofu, kwa tsiku, analenga zosiyanasiyana sukulu yophunzitsa luso limeneli operewera. Pankhaniyi, maphunziro nsalu kwa oyamba sakuphatikizapo miyambo njira Indonesia kugwiritsa ntchito phula ndi utoto pa thonje komanso "cordlike", "nodular" buluu ndi zoyera Chinese silika kupenta, Mipikisano mtundu Japanese kupenta pa silika. Pali mtundu wina wa processing minofu, amene amangonena kuti "nsalu kwa oyamba." Izi otchedwa "kupenta ufulu". Ngakhale njira zosiyanasiyana za zochita, iye woyesedwa ndi njira 3 osiyana. Pamafunikanso watercolor, chophimba zithunzi ndiponso kupenta. Chotero kuphatikiza njira ntchito ndi nsalu chifukwa cha Dutch, amene anabweretsedwa ku Europe ndi mode kupanga, ndi mawu akuti "nsalu". Technology kwa oyamba akhoza kusankhidwa zonse, ndipo ndi zinachitikira ntchito ndi nsalu kujambula izo imatundumukira likuvutika njira zina ankaudaya.

A ntchito polenga nsalu

Ngakhale mu kukhalapo kwa nsalu yabwino kwambiri, inks wapadera ndi nkhokwe popanda uziyenda bwino ntchito n'zosatheka kupeza mankhwala okongola ndi cholimba. Malo kulenga nsalu ayenera kukhala kuwala, mpweya wokwanira, youma ndi mkangano. Ntchito ayenera tebulo omasuka ndi hoop chachikulu kapena chimango, amene nsalu adzakhala Ufumuyo. Nkhani kukhala taut chifukwa lochedwa angasokoneze chitsanzo dera. Monga ulamuliro, pa machira kukokera nsalu yonyowa, ndipo pambuyo atayanika izo bwino anaweramuka. Pakuti mndandanda, inu muyenera kukhala chitsanzo machubu (ozizira nsalu), machubu wapadera ndi otetezedwa, maburashi, dongosolo, mawonekedwe, utoto, chidebe nsalu. wapadera chida "apadera" pakufunika "otentha" processing zakuthupi. Monga mankhwala, minofu-yopatsa zotsatira wapadera angafunike mowa, mchere, ndi urea.