Beading: mbiri ya yatsoka

Pakati pa mitundu ya Chotsimikizika beadwork akutenga malo apadera. Mbiri ya chiyambi chake akulimba amakedzana kwambiri. Mtundu wa luso wowerengeka chotchuka kwambiri ndi m'mayiko ambiri. Kutacha mogwirizana ndi mumaganiza mafashoni ndi zamoyo wa chuma ndi luso wogwira naye zinachitika pa mayendedwe mofanana patsogolo chikhalidwe.

BC

Mbiri ya zosayembekezereka wa beading anayamba ngakhale pamaso pa Kubwera kwa chitukuko chachikulu wakale. Zinthu zimenezi nthawi zonse kwachititsa amisiri wa Nthawi osiyana makhalidwe ake zokongoletsa. Art ntchito ndi izo zinayambira mu nthawi ya munthu wosazindikira.

Ngakhale kalelo, pamene panalibe chinthu chotero monga "mikanda", anthu chokongoletsedwa matupi awo a mwala kapena tusks nyama, amene anali mabowo kwa zingwe.

Mikanda anali wotchuka mu masiku a maufumu amphamvu wakale. makolo athu kuwagwiritsa ntchito yokongola ndi chodzitetezera ku mizimu yoipa. Mwa zakale si mmodzi wa anthu amene amafufuza zamakezana lero ndife miyala opukutidwa, amene mokhomerera.

Zipangizo loyamba

History of maonekedwe a mikanda ndi beading komanso inayambira masiku pamene anthu anachita okha Chalk zosiyanasiyana mbewu, nyemba, mtedza, zipolopolo ndi chiombankhanga ndi mafupa. Far munthu mmodzi ankakhulupirira kuti ngati pali kuvala chinachake kuchokera kumadera nyama zakufa miyala yamtengo wapatali ngati amuteteza ku matenda chirombo, kapena kupangitsa wamphamvu ndi wolimba mtima.

Mbiri ya mikanda ndi beading unakambidwanso mogwirizana ndi chilengedwe cha mikanda athu makolo dongo. Oumba awo calcined ndi TACHIMATA ndi utoto. Pamene luso anayamba, anayamba kufalitsa mipira zitsulo ndi dzenje. Awa, kupanga zodzikongoletsera chithumwa, anali Chip ndi kunenerera, ngakhale kufanizira chuma ndi mphamvu.

Indians

Mothandizidwa ndi zokongoletsera anthu anasonyeza worldview awo. Makamaka otchuka maganizo amenewa kungoyambira mbadwa za ku America. Mbiri ya zosayembekezereka wa beading ndi inextricably zogwirizana ndi Amwenye, amene ntchito mikanda nyumba zokongoletsa, yokhotakhota matepi a iwo ndi tsitsi, kupeta zovala zawo. Popanda ichi zokongoletsa hardware mchitidwe sanachite chomanga pamphumi aliyense, malamba mwambo, mwana mchikuta kapena wopera.

Mu North America komanso ntchito mikanda yopangidwa ndi zipolopolo ndi nthenga. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kulenga iwo kwambiri zipangizo zina. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha ichi mankhwala matanthwe, nofeki, siliva ndi ena.

Kodi Mayan ndi Olmec yade anali wotchuka kwambiri. Komanso, akatswiri anapeza mikanda, amene anali ngati maziko a golide ndi thanthwe krustalo. Ndipo Aigupto wakale kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti akonze mikanda wapadera krustalo.

Egypt

Mbiri ya Beading inayambira Egypt, wotchedwa malo a mtundu umenewu needlework kumanja. chakuti m'dzikoli za 3000 zapitazo kupangidwa galasi, amene anayamba kupanga yoyamba ya mikanda izi. Poyamba anali opaque ndi ntchito azikongoletsa zovala Farao kwambiri. Aiguputo komanso nsalu mikanda ya mikanda ndi nsalu amavalira iwo.

Mbiri ya beading anachita sitepe imodzi ndi chitukuko cha anthu onse. Mu masiteji woyamba linakhalapo, mikanda anatumikira monga chuma cha nsalu ndi mukulumikiza wamba pa zingwe zopota za. Koma pa nthawi anayamba kuoneka latsopano, kusanduka mabaibulo ntchito zawo.

Kutulukira yokhotakhota mauna anali kutsogolera kwa zikamera wa mankhwala a hardware izi paokha. Kenako tinayamba kunadetsa ntchito dongosolo zosiyanasiyana komanso masikimu, ndi beadwork ndi kunditumiza ku gawo lina. Aiguputo ophatikizana mikanda galasi ndi miyala yosiyanasiyana yamtengo wapatali ndi zitsulo mfulu. Zodzikongoletsera kulengedwa kuchokera nkhaniyi, anayamba kufalitsa ku mayiko ena.

Roma ndi dziko

Chikadzangotha ndodo mwachangu, kutsogolera mu Egypt beaded luso analanda Syria, ndiyeno lonse Roma, amene Pambuyo ndi dziko lonse lapansi. The Chinese anatulukira chipangizo wopangidwa chimango matabwa kuziluka mu waya, amene Slides mikanda. Ilo likadali ntchito lero ndipo amatchedwa ngongole.

Aroma anali mwachangu kugulitsa mikanda m'madera onse a ufumuwo. mipando uyunso anali achilendo kwa Aselote akale ndi Scandinavia, amene anawomba nsalu mwa mikanda ake ndi bangles, zovala nsalu. Anthu ena akale ntchito monga Chip ndi kunenerera.

Mbiri ya beadwork mu Russia unachokera mu nthawi ya mafuko woyendayendawu wa Sarmatians ndi Asikuti. wotchuka kwambiri pakati pawo zovala ntchito ndi nsapato, chokongoletsedwa ndi mikanda. Ngakhale zaka zochepa Chikhristu chisanayambe iwo nakonza ndi galasi mikanda makolala, manja ndi malaya pachifuwa. Osati popanda mikanda zokongola ndi yokongola biriwita, malamba ndi zipewa.

Venice

Beading, amene mbiri inextricably zogwirizana glassmaking, anayamba mwachangu Venice. Pambuyo Ufumu wa Aroma utagwa ku Republic ali pa ambiri ojambula zithunzi kuchokera Greece ndi Byzantium. Patapita zaka 10-12 ndi mikanda chopangidwa ndi zamanja zosiyanasiyana kwa iwo.

Ndipo ndi zaka za m'ma 13, ntchito imeneyi anabwera kuno ku gawo lina. Mu 90s oyambirira mafakitale onse galasi zidatunsidwa ku chilumba cha Murano. Ambuye umatulutsa zosiyanasiyana mikanda, mikanda, mabatani, komanso mbale ndi kalirole. Ndiponso mokangalika anagulitsa zolengedwa awo onse.

Naples wosiyana malo ena luso kuti kwa zaka ankachitira miyala yamtengo wapatali. galasi luso polenga chobisika ambuye Venetian. Makamaka chachikulu chinsinsi anali Chinsinsi koloko.

Chinawonjezeka mchenga kuti lipeze mfundo zimene beading. History Limanenanso za mfundo imeneyi pamene loletsa katundu wa magalasi Venice, kuti mlendo sanathe kumasulira chinsinsi cha chilengedwe chake.

Kuyambira cha m'ma 14 glassmaking lililonse Republic ankaona woimira strata mwayi wa anthu. 15 murantsy muli makonzedwe ake, dongosolo milandu ndi ndalama. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo 17 m'ma luso la glassmakers Venetian anakumana ndi mavuto ake abwino.

Izi dera kwa zaka mazana Mlengi yekha wa mikanda ya. Malonda anabweretsa Chalk ake ku East ndi West, kupatsana kwa zonunkhira, nsalu komanso, ndithudi, golide. mafuko African ntchito mikanda monga Chip ndi kunenerera.

Europe

Beading, mbiri ya chiyambi cha amene inextricably zogwirizana kufalitsa padziko lonse, anali kufunika kwambiri mu Europe. M'dziko lake, linamangidwa mu yosungirako lonse la nkhaniyi ndipo anakonza fairs wapadera zogulitsa a mikanda.

The lofunika kwambiri ankaona waluntha ndi zazing'ono mikanda, adali ndi awiri a theka centimeter. Tinasangalala kutchuka kwambiri brocades mikanda ndi opukutidwa internally TACHIMATA ndi golide kapena siliva.

Kupezeka kwa America , ndi lalifupi njira India komanso bwanji beading. Mbiri ya chilengedwe chake anasamukira ku gawo lina. M'malo zokambirana galasi anayamba kumanga zomera lalikulu. Malo oterewa zikuluzikulu yopanga zitsulo Spain, Portugal, ndi Netherlands, England ndi France. Zokongoletsa anagulitsidwa zonse kumpoto kwa Ulaya.

umisiri watsopano

Theka lachiwiri la m'ma 18 anabweretsa patsogolo latsopano beadwork. History ndi analipo anabwera pamodzi chifukwa cha kuonekera kwa makina amene anapanga chubu cha galasi. Ndi njira imeneyi, ulimi wa mikanda wakhala mofulumira kwambiri ndi mtengo.

Nacho mpikisano mu msika pakati Venice ndi Bohemia anakhala kutsogolera wamphamvu kupeka ambuye wa zosiyanasiyana mitundu, akalumikidzidwa ndi makulidwe a zovekera. Iye amafika kutchuka lonse mwa akazi European. Zovala, beaded, kukhala kwambiri yapamwamba.

Assembly of State Hermitage lero anali zitsanzo wapadera zinthu zovala kuchokera m'nthawi imeneyo. Popeza mikanda galasi mwangwiro kupirira nthawi, iwo zidakali kuwala ndi chikoka.

modernity

Pa gawo la zaka 19 ndi 20 padziko lonse lapansi, nkhaniyi ali ndi kufunika kwambiri. Icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito azikongoletsa zikwama zam'manja, wallets, coasters, ndi zinthu zina.

Mikanda ndi lero chimagwiritsidwa ntchito polenga mafashoni zodzikongoletsera ndi kugwira ntchito pa mbali zosiyana katundu zovala. Mbiri ya beading ana ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi m'zigawozigawo. Zingatithandize kukhala woyandikana kwa iwo kuyamba kuchita nawo masewero yabwino kwambiri needlework.