Ndipo inu mukudziwa chimene majini?

Funso la zimene majini ndi chidwi kwambiri. Pa dzanja limodzi, aliyense amadziwa kuti mudziwe majini wadutsa kuchokera kholo mwana, koma kusunga kudzikonda limagwirira zambiri sizikumveka anthu ambiri. makhalidwe majini ndi anthu onse wozindikira, ndipo iwo kudziwa deta choyambirira onse pa thupi: maonekedwe ake, ndiwe wa mtundu, maonekedwe structural, ndi zambiri.

Anthu ambiri kumbukira Maphunziro zamoyo, nkhaniyi kusungidwa mu DNA - mmodzi wa zofunika asidi mkati. Kulumikizana asidi deoxyribonucleic Mzimuyo chizindikiro cha nyama kapena munthu mwa mawu a Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa. Koma bwanji kuthandiza "DNA" ndi ganizo la "mbewu"? Tiyeni tiwone mu mawu awa.

Kodi majini ndi DNA?

Mu dongosolo la deoxyribonucleic acid anatsindika madera ena amene amachititsa kuti kuli zinthu zina kuchokera kwa mwiniwake. Ndi mbali awa ndi unyolo ndi chibadwa. Iwo ali zokhudza mapuloteni ndi mapuloteni - ndi organic nyumbayi. Onse zigawo zikuluzikulu za deoxyribonucleic acid ali m'selo iliyonse la thupi, kupanga matupi athu a munthu wamoyo. Mbali ina ya nkhaniyi kuchokera atate, ena - ndi tinatengera kwa mayi.

Ndi luso kumvetsa mfundo majini lero akhoza molondola kwambiri anapereka ubale, monga bambo. Ndipotu funso la chimene majini ndi zovuta zokwanira kuyankha mu Mwachidule. Koma mafanizo chinenero wosalira zambiri ndi. Tikuimira unyolo DNA mu mawonekedwe a bukhu za makamaka amoyo, ndiye chibadwa adzakhala mawu ena pa masamba a buku lino. Aliyense wa mawu ndizo makalata 4 okha, koma iwo angathe kuwonjezera kuchuluka malire mawu. Ndiko kuti, jini ndi kusinthana kwa mankhwala anayi. Awa amatchedwa nucleobases adenine, cytosine, guanine ndi thymine. A metamorphosis pang'ono malamulo majini, ndi kusintha kwa munthu mankhwala pawiri wina, kumabweretsa kusintha "mawu oti" kudziwa wonse. Ndipo momwe ife tikudziwira, jini iliyonse udindo kapangidwe ka mapuloteni ndi. mfundo zina - mapuloteni osiyana kapangidwe - mbali watsopano wa chamoyo. Koma alternations amenewa ndi zotheka ngati kulanda mudziwe chibadwa, kotero abale ndi alongo a makolo omwewo ndi osiyana wina ndi mzake, ngakhale ali ofanana mapasa. Koma mfundo anapatsa matupi athu athu, akhala zikutsatiridwa chibadwire imfa.

okalamba jini

Moyo amayembekezeka ndi limagwirira kusintha obwera ndi ukalamba zimene zimachitika munthu palokha mfundo chibadwa. chidutswa cha code, amene adzakhala ndi udindo mwachindunji ukalamba sapezeka, koma ofufuza amati ndi chodziwikiratu kuti deta otere kusungidwa mu DNA mu malo umodzi. Kukalamba - ndondomeko zovuta imagwira machitidwe onse thupi, chomwechonso "zounikira za sayansi" adakali ndi kafukufuku yaitali umenewu.

Chidwi, koma zotenga ndithu mawonedwe cha chibadwa waperekedwa m'buku lofalitsidwa mu 1976. English ake olembedwa ethologist K.R.Dokinz. "The Kudzinyadira Gene" - ntchito sayansi zimene theorizes kuti mphamvu ya kusanduka galimoto ndi chilakolako kuonjezera kusinthasintha a mitundu. Kusankha zikuchitika pa mlingo chibadwa, osati pa msinkhu wa anthu ndi anthu mwachindunji. Nthawi zambiri, yankho zochuluka ku funso lakuti: "Kodi majini", pamene bwino ayi. Ambiri mwina, lingaliro la zigawo za DNA ndi chitukuko cha sayansi adzakhala kusinthidwa deta ndi watsopano ndi ofunika kusinthidwa.