Matumbo villi: kapangidwe, ntchito kuwonjezera magazi ndi zinthu

Pakuti uziyenda zachilendo m'thupi la munthu ayenera kudya chakudya. Mayamwidwe zinthu zofunika moyo ndi zinthu zawo kudzitsitsa ikuchitika mu intestine yaing'ono. Anaika m'menemo villi matumbo ndi kuchita ntchito imeneyi. thunthu lawo, malo, cytology, ndipo tikambirana zina.

Kapangidwe za m'mimba ang'ono ndi ntchito zake

Mu dipatimenti thunthu anthu kuonetsetsa 3 - ndi duodenum, jejunum ndi ileum. Choyamba za 30 cm yaitali. Apa pakubwera wapadera wa matumbo epithelium michere, ya ndulu ndi michere pancreatic. Mu dipatimenti chomwecho suction ndondomeko akuyamba. Madzi ndi mchere, amino zidulo ndi mavitamini, zidulo mafuta mwachangu mawere ndi thandizo la villi lapansi.

Pakati pa jejunum ndi ileum palibe bwino malire kunja, ndi utali wonse ndi 4.5-5.5 m. Koma kusiyana mkati, ndithudi, kulibe. Jejunum :

• Iwo ali wamkulu khoma makulidwe;
• Matumbo villi ake yaitali ndi awiri ang'onoang'ono, ndipo chiwerengero chawo ndi wamkulu;
• ndi bwino kuti aziwapatsa magazi.

Komabe, ntchito yaikulu ya duodenum ndi - chimbudzi chakudya. Osati lumen wa matumbo, ndondomeko imeneyi ikuchitika, komanso pafupi ndi mpanda (parietal chimbudzi) komanso mwa maselo (okhudza maselo ambiri).

Kugwiritsa yotsirizira mu mucosa pali machitidwe wapadera zonyamulira osiyana aliyense pophika. Mbali zina za m'mimba zochepa odzipereka. Mu zina - ichi ndi chinthu chachikulu.

Kuwayika villi ndi thunthu lawo

villi matumbo m'matumbo zili zonse zitatu zigawo za m'mimba ang'ono ndi kuwapatsa iwo velvety maonekedwe. Kutalika kwa aliyense wa villi pafupifupi 1 mm, ndi kuwayika wandiweyani kwambiri. Iwo anapanga kwa mucous protrusions Kakhungu. Per millimeter lalikulu la padziko za m'mimba yaing'ono yoyamba ndi yachiwiri zigawo akhoza kukhala ku zidutswa 22 40, mu iliac wa - 30.

Kunja villi onse matumbo okutidwa ndi epithelium. Mukachipinda ali ndi kuchuluka kwa protrusions otchedwa microvilli. kuchuluka awo akhoza kukhala mkulu monga TH 4. Per zaminyewa khungu, amene kwambiri kumawonjezera padziko epithelium, ndi chifukwa, ndi suction padziko intestine lapansi.

Onse villi m'mimba mwa m'matumbo a munthu axially lymphatic capillaries wochokera pa nsonga ya villi, ndi kuchuluka kwa capillaries oyenerera mu stroma lapansi.

Ma zikuchokera villi ndi

Ndi pamaso pa mtundu winawake wa maselo udindo mmene villi matumbo. Koma zinthu oyamba:

Aliyense villus, kaya malo, wodzaza ndi zaminyewa wosanjikiza wopangidwa mwa mitundu itatu ya foni: ndi columnar maselo zaminyewa, muyeso exocrine ndi endocrine maselo.

enterocytes

Iwo amene kaŵirikaŵiri nawo mu epithelium a mtundu villi selo. mutu wake wachiwiri mitundu columnar zaminyewa selo. Maselo prismatic mawonekedwe. A Ntchito yaikulu ya villi matumbo imagwiridwa ndi iwo. Enterocytes kupereka amayenda thirakiti m'mimba mu kachitidwe magazi ndi lymph ofunika thupi la zinthu kanthu pa chakudya.

Maselo zaminyewa padziko pali felemu wapadera anapanga microvilli. microvilli awa 1 micron ² ranges ku zidutswa 60 90. Iwo kuonjezera suction padziko mukachipinda nthawi 30-40. Ili microvilli pamwamba glycocalyx amapanga anadziphatika michere.

mtundu umodzi wa maselo zaminyewa ndi maselo ndi microfold kapena otchedwa M-maselo. Awo malo - nkhope lymph follicles onse gulu ndi munthu. Iwo kusiyana ndi mawonekedwe zambiri flattened ndi ochepa microvilli. Koma pamwamba aphimbidwa microfolds zimene foni amatha yolanda macromolecule ndi lumen matumbo.

Muyeso exocrine ndi endocrinocytes

maselo Single, chiwerengero cha amene kumawonjezera ku duodenum kuti ileum lapansi. Izi zikusonyeza maselo mucous kudziunjikira ndipo kenako chinsinsi naye pamwamba mucosal. amatope zimene zimalimbikitsa chakudya pamodzi m'matumbo pa nthawi yomweyo nawo ndondomeko za Kakhungu chimbudzi.

Maonekedwe a maselo zimadalira mlingo wa kudzikundikira secretions mmenemo, ndi ntchofu mapangidwe yokha akupezeka kaikidwe ka zida za Golgi. khola kanthu, kwathunthu kuunikila chinsinsi chanu ndi yopapatiza ndi kuchepetsedwa pachimake.

Iwo endocrinocytes lithe ndi secrete zinthu biologically yogwira osati kuimba m'mimba ntchito, komanso mbali yofunika kwambiri mu kagayidwe ambiri. Pulayimale kaikidwe ka maselo amenewa - ndi duodenum.

ntchito

Ku dongosolo amakhala pomwepo bwino lomwe ntchito imagwiridwa ndi villi matumbo mu kugaya chakudya, choncho mwachidule ati iwo:

1. Mayamwidwe chakudya, mapuloteni, amino zidulo, komanso zinthu zawo kudzitsitsa. Iwo anadutsa capillaries mu villi, ndipo pa magazi anatenga m'dongosolo zipata za chiwindi.
2. Zamadzimadzi mayamwidwe, koma chylomicron particles anachokera ku lipids. Iwo wadutsa mu ulusi lymphatic ndi mu m'magazi, anyalanyaza chiwindi.
3. Ntchito inanso ya villi ndi matumbo - secretory, secrete ntchofu pantchito mosavuta chakudya kudzera matumbo.
4. Endocrine, chifukwa ena mwa maselo villi kubala histamine ndi serotonin, secretin timadzi ena ambiri ndi Bava.

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Kumene selo ndi mmene villi matumbo, ife kumvetsa, koma pamene iye anaika mu thupi la munthu ndi chimene maselo? Tiyeni tikambirane funso limeneli.

Kumapeto kwa mwezi wachiwiri kapena chiyambi cha lachitatu chitukuko intrauterine anthu ayamba kutuluka m'matumbo endoderm za m'mimba ang'ono ndi zigawo zake zinchito - makutu, villi, crypts.

Poyamba, maselo zaminyewa mulibe zosiyanasiyana okhwima, mpaka kumapeto a mwezi wachitatu Amawapatula. Glycocalyx pa microvilli, zimene yokutidwa ndi maselo zaminyewa, yaikidwa pa mwezi wachinayi wa mwanayo.

Mu sabata wachisanu, pamene bwino woyembekezera, pali tsamba serous wa intestine, ndi chitatu - minofu connective minofu ya intestine pa. zipolopolo onse amakwiriridwa ku mesoderm (choipidwa tsamba) ndi minofu connective mesenchyme.

Pamene onse a maselo m'mimba dongosolo ndipo zimakhala anaika pa chitukuko yoopsa, koma nthawi ntchito zake, villi matumbo kuonongeka. Kodi ayambe kumadera maselo anamwalira? Ndi mitotic kugawikana kwa maselo wathanzi ili pafupi. Amangoganizira malo a anzake akufa ndi kuyamba ntchito yake.