Kumasulidwa kwa Budapest ndi asilikali a Soviet

Mu March 1944, asilikali a 2 Chiyukireniya Front anafika kumalire a dziko la Soviet Union ndi Romania. Pafupifupi zaka zitatu, anthu Soviet anachita nkhondo wamagazi ndi ankhondowo Nazi m'madera awo. Tsopano zinali lopanda bulauni mliri onse anagwidwa Nazi gawo European. Koma mpaka chigonjetso chomaliza anali akadali kuposa chaka.

Only mu September 1944, gulu lankhondo la Soviet anakwanitsa kulanda Bulgaria ndi Romania ndi kupita yomweyo kumalire ndi Hungary ndi Czechoslovakia. Nkhondo Hungary ankasiyana ferocity wapadera ndi agonje kwambiri. Ambiri, ntchito kumasula dziko watenga miyezi yoposa isanu. Kuti timvetse chifukwa cha zochitika izi, amanena kuti mbiri ya kulowa Hungary kupita kunkhondo. Ife kulankhula za mmene anali kumasula Budapest ndi asilikali a Soviet (mwachidule za m'nkhani).

Kulowa kwa Hungary mu nkhondo ndi Soviet Union

Zotsatira za First World nkhondo anachititsa kusakhutira wa anthu Chihangare. Amene wataya yaikulu m'dziko lawo la dziko analakalaka kuwabwezera. Ichi ndi chimene chinali chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chinatsogolera boma la Miklos Horthy m'manja a Germany. Kuyesa tipezekemo thandizo la Hitler mu zonena zawo pa Yugoslavia ndi m'mayiko Czech, Hungary analengeza achire ake ku League of Nations ndi kulumikiza chapatatu ke.

De facto, dziko analowa World nkhondo II mu April 1941, iye akutengedwa ndi kuukira Hitler pa Yugoslavia. Nkhondo ndi Soviet Union anayamba Hungary pa 27 June 1941. okwana iwo anatumizidwa kunkhondo kum'mawa kwa asilikali mazana zikwi zingapo, ambiri a iwo anaphedwa kapena atengedwa ukaidi pa Stalingrad. Tikumbukenso kuti gawo la 2 Chihangare Army ku Soviet Union anali makamaka nkhanza ndi kuwononga asilikali osati kokha, komanso anthu wamba.

Ndi 1944 zinadziwika kuti kugonjetsedwa kwa Germany - kokha nkhani ya nthawi. Izi zikachitika, boma Horthy anayamba kufunafuna njira kuti nkhondo. Pakhala zokambirana ndi Britain ndi United States, zomwe pochitika amaona Hitler. Mtsogoleri poopa chinyengo, ine ndiri ku Hungary a asilikali German ndi chilengedwe cha boma dziko ovomereza-German. Chogwira otchuka mu akuyitanira kutha kwa anagwirizana kugona ndi Germany.

Koma zochita onsewa si kwambiri ndipo chinawathandiza. Vutoli likukulirakulira mu August 1944, pamene Romania idaleka kuthandiza Germany ndipo analandira mawu a Soviet Union, popeza anachita kumbali ya odana ndi Hitler mgwirizano. Horthy ankafuna wosimidwa kukambirana ndi boma la Soviet pa kuchotsa maudani mangawawo. Koma mapulani izi sizinachitike anazindikira.

Hitler ndi zidole wake boma motsogozedwa Szálasi anabweretsa mantha weniweni Hungary. Dziko watha ntchito, nyumba yonse yophunzitsa ndiponso yolimbikitsa okwana anatsimikizidwa. Hungary analengeza mpikisano apamwamba mu Danube m'dera lonse. Iwo anayambanso kupita kwa Ayuda Nazi imfa.

Chiyambi cha ntchito ankhondo a Red Army ku Hungary

Patsogolo mayunitsi wa Red Army pa dera la Hungary amavutika ndi kukana koopsa magulu Chihangare ndi German. Komabe, longstanding mabodza ndi odana ndi Soviet propaganda wachita ntchito yake. Hungarians makamaka ngakhale reactionary Szálasi anali okonzeka kuthandiza koma osati kulowa mgwirizano ndi Russia.

N'zoona kuti mmodzi wa nduna za pamwamba lankhondo la Hungary panali amene anasankha anagona pansi zida zawo ndi kuletsa kuphana. Choncho, mu October m'manja B. Miklos mkulu wa 1 Chihangare Army n'kuitana pa wailesi asilikali kutsatira chitsanzo chake. Zoposa 10 sauzande. Atumiki ake anaika pansi zida zawo. Zochita analembedwa pakati mayunitsi ena 2 ndi 3 wa asilikali Chihangare. Koma anali dontho m'nyanja.

Ntchito yaikulu ya kukunda Carpathian- Transylvanian gulu mdani anauzidwa kuti asilikali a 2 Chiyukireniya Front pansi polimbana Malinovsky ndi 4 Chiyukireniya Front molamulidwa ndi General Petrov. Bids pa dongosolo iwo anali kulanda umadutsa a kummawa Carpathians, nichidzazilaka, kukhala tiponye Malo Tisza mtsinje.

Directions zikwapu zoyambirira anafunika kusintha kangapo. Ichi ndi chifukwa magulu ankhondo 2 Chiyukireniya Front akhoza sakwanitsa kugwira dongosolo la GHQ. Chinalepheretsa m'mizinda mdani chachikulu. Koma, ngakhale kuti vuto nkhondo, asilikali Malinowski mu zilizonse zofunika kugonjetsa mapiri a Transylvania ndi kupeza kuti Debrecen. ntchito analephera kukwaniritsa akupha asilikali German mu Carpathians.

Nagonjetsa latsopano inakonzedwa 6 October. Kuwonjezera asilikali Soviet, panafika 22 Romania magawano. Magulu a magulu 2 Wachifwamba kwambiri kuposa mdani. Vuto linali Pamlingo waukulu mzere kutsogolo (800 km) ndi mmene kukumana osauka. Ndipo mlandu linanyeka kwawo ku Germany njanji ndi misewu kudutsa Romania.

Zabwino kumuukira anali kumbali ya asilikali Soviet. Germany chabe sankadziwa kufunika kungapezeke kuti Debrecen, akupanga mphamvu zazikulu kunja kwa mzinda wa Budapest. Afterthought, mwamsanga anayamba kutaya pansi pa Debrecen asanu magulu makina. Koma izo zinali mochedwa.

October 6 anayamba pasadakhale mofulumira asilikali Soviet. Onse zoyesayesa za Anazi kusiya pasadakhale awo analephera. Iwo sanali kuthandiza misewu ina iliyonse migodi, palibe airstrikes. Tsiku limodzi, ndi Red Army hemayo 50 Km, kuchititsa kuwonongeka ndithu kwa anthu ogwira ntchito ndipo zida za mdani.

Ndi October 10 Soviet magulu anapanga 100 kilometre mphero mu chitetezo cha mdani. Ndipo pa October 20, Debrecen anakwanitsa potsiriza n'kuulanda. Zinali kupambana zofunika mu njira ya tingalimbanirane, anapatsidwa kuti Debrecen anali wolimba waukulu wa Nazi ndi mzinda wachiwiri kukula mu Hungary.

Gawo lachiwiri la ntchito Debrecen

Kalanga, asilikali Chihangare analephera kutenga Debrecen kwathunthu pa masewera. Yotsatira kuthetsa kwambiri mumzinda wa Nyiregyhaza. City overlaps mwayi yabwino kwambiri kuwoloka Tisza Mtsinje. Lamulo la "South" wa asilikali amene ankayang'anira gawo ili la kutsogolo, anachita zonse kusunga mudzi, pa nthawi yomweyo akuyesa kuti ayambenso kulamulira Debrecen. Kuyambira 22 mpaka 27 October katundu kumenyana m'dera la Nyiregyhaza. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, mzinda linatengedwa. Koma pa mtengo!

Ophunzira chachikulu cha ndewu - makina apakavalo Corps ya General Pileva - wataya alonda pafupifupi 10 zikwi ndi sergeants, ndi 17 zikwi wamba, mazana a zida, 250 akasinja ndi zimphamvu ena mdani, kuwonongeka kwambiri wamakhalidwe zachitika .... Koma chinthu chachikulu - Nkhondo ya kupita ku Debrecen kuti October 28 yatha, ndi chachitatu cha m'dera la Hungary, anali m'manja mwa asilikali Soviet. Nagonjetsa unatenga masiku 23 ndipo analola kusamukira ku dziko mpaka 275 Km. Koma amuzungulire German ndipo mayunitsi Chihangare analephera. Iwo anabwerera, kutenga mizere chitetezo latsopano, omwe, ngongole awo, anali ndi mkwiyo waukulu pa mfundo maluso onse mwatsatanetsatane zankhondo.

Gawo loyamba la ntchito ya Budapest

Nagonjetsa Soviet pa Budapest ndi adani wotsatira wa mzinda - mmodzi wa ambiri zikuluzikulu ndi zovuta ntchito za nkhondo. Ponseponse kutsogolo (420 km) lamulo anaikira mphamvu zazikulu: 2 Chiyukireniya Front, 3 Chiyukireniya Front (mtsogoleri - polimbana Tolbukhin), 1 ndi 4 Romania asilikali ndi Danube Flotilla. длилось более трех месяцев. Kumasulidwa kwa Budapest ku Nazi anatha miyezi yoposa itatu.

Pa October 29 mbali Soviet ndi wapamwamba chiwerengero cha asilikali ndi zida zimaonekera. N'chifukwa chake General Likulu kukopedwa yowala chiyembekezo mphezi zolawula pa Budapest. Malinowski sanapereke ngakhale masiku asanu anapempha kukonzekera mayunitsi asilikali.

началось 29 октября силами частей 46-й армии (2-й УФ). Kumasulidwa kwa Budapest ndi asilikali a Soviet anayamba pa 29 October mphamvu za ziwalo za 46th Army (2 dzuwa). Mu masiku oyambirira kuti ali kusanduka bwino. Nkhongono mbali ya asilikali Chihangare anabwerera pa- kuti Budapest. November 5 lakunja kumbuyo Budapest kulambalala anali osaposa 15 Km. замедлилось. Ndiyeno kumasulidwa kwa Budapest ku Nazi mochedwa. Unachita zinthu osauka nyengo ndi kupereka moperewera. Plus ku likulu, anaganiza tipezenso mphamvu asilikali, kuti pachiswe magulu ankhondo 2 ndi 4. Makina Corps, amene poyamba anapanga njira zawo ku likulu Chihangare.

nyumba onse anaikidwa mu 7 alonda Army, amene anamenya pa kumadzulo gombe la mtsinje. Yews, kuwonjezera bridgehead. Pofika November 4 anatha akathyole atatu chabe midzi: Szolnok, Abony ndi Cegléd. Nthawi yovuta kwambiri amanyansidwa panali Kuoloka kwa Tisza. Kusefukira kuti kwambiri kuchuluka madzi mu mtsinje. Kuwoloka zikutanthauza kumanganso moto mdani. Ngati magulu ena anakwanitsa awoloke, iwo pomwepo Germany potsimikizira-akuukira flanks, kuyesera kuti kudula ndizi magalimoto.

Kuukira wachiwiri Budapest

Kuukira chachiwiri pa mzinda anayamba pa November 11. Pa nthawi imeneyi, German-Chihangare gulu pa malo munali mphamvu yabwino, ndi 2 a Code Wachifwamba wavutika zomvetsa zabwino. Koma ngakhale imeneyi laling'onolo akali mbali ya asilikali a Soviet.

Patapita nthawi pang'ono zida zankhondo akukhudzidwa asilikali a 7 alonda Corps unkatchedwa tiponye malangizo a Jaszbereny ndi Hatvan. East anapanga makina apakavalo Corps ya General Pileva ndi 23. oti muli nazo zida Brigade, kuphatikiza 4 ndi 6 alonda apakavalo Corps. Iwo akanakhala kulanda mzinda Dendesh.

M'ziwawa amanyansidwa ndi kuteteza mudslides, understaffing zikuchokera, Kupha kulephera kwa ambiri alonda ndi kulephera kulankhulana ndi waya. mayunitsi German-Chihangare anali kwambiri poipa. Iwo sanali mayunitsi pansi. Koma kulalikira mwakhama kwa ndege German. Koma ngakhale zikomo kumwamba kwa 5 Air Army anali ndi mwayi pa dzuwa 2.

November 25 asilikali Soviet analanda mzinda wa Hatvan - zinali bwino lotsiriza la kuukira wachiwiri Budapest. Likulu la Hungary anali mu semicircle a. Koma kuponya otsiriza asilikali Soviet anafunikira nthawi kukonzekera.

Adani a Budapest

Nagonjetsa latsopano unayambitsidwa mmawa wa December 20 magulu osiyana 3 Chiyukireniya Front. Iwo anali kupanga ulendo wao kwa Danube kumadzulo kwa Esztergom. Izi adzalola osewera malizitsani lazungulira la asilikali mdani m'dera Budapest.

patsogolo mofulumira anali amavutika ndi mtunda kovuta: ambiri mapiri ndi n'chodabwitsa saloledwa akamagwiritsa mayunitsi bwino makina. Ndipo aliyense Nazi phiri ntchito mfundo pakuyenerera.

December 22 6 Panzer Army (2 dzuwa) ndi mbali ya 3 Chiyukireniya Front anakwanitsa kugwirizanitsa kuzungulira pakamwa pa mtsinje Hron. Pakutha December 27 adakhoza yozungulira Chihangare-German mbali ya kumpoto, kumadzulo kwa Budapest. Chiwerengero cha iwo chinali 188,000 (10 zopatutsana ndi magawo angapo osiyana).

Tsopano kunali koyenera kuti amasule Budapest. Koma zinali zovuta kwambiri. Dera la kumadzulo kwa mzinda wakhala lidzasinthidwa wamphamvu zokhalamo. Plus, anawalamulira Hitler Budapest ku Germany litapita mphamvu zina. Iye m'malo mkulu asilikali a "South", aikidwa pa udindo O. Weller m'malo I. Friessner.

December 29 mbali Soviet, anaganiza kutumiza nthumwi kuti maganizo kugonja: Gulu Captain Ostapenko - kwa Buda, gulu la Captain Steinmetz - mu tizilombo. pempholo anali sanaulandire, ndi nthumwi aphedwe. Iwo anayamba kuwonongedwa kwa Adani.

Kuyambira 2 January 26, German lamulo ziwembu zingapo kuponya asilikali Soviet ndi kutsutsa-kuukira. Pa nthawi imeneyi, pafupi Budapest, ambiri a German zigawo zonse oti muli nazo zida ndi Moto anali anaikira. Koma Malinowski ndi mayunitsi makina Tolbukhina amatha kusonyeza kuukira onse mdani.

Nkhondo mzinda

Pakuti ntchito kunkhondo ku Budapest Budapest grouping la asilikali molamulidwa ndi M. Afonin unapangidwa bungwe (monga wa January 22 - I. M. Managarova). Mpheroyi anayi mfuti Corps, 83rd sitima Brigade, mbali ya 5 Air Army, ndi zida zankhondo ndi 7 Romania nyumba 183 thanki Brigade a.

Kumasulidwa kwa Budapest anali pafupi, koma mwambo umenewu wakhala kukhetsa magazi ambiri. Ndi January 18 asilikali Soviet ndi thandizo la Romanians anaswa kuchigawo kum'mawa kwa tizilombo natenga lamanzere gombe mbali ya mzinda, ngakhale dziko la Germany kumenyana amasowa kwa pafupifupi nyumba. Nkhondo zinakambidwa ndi pansi pansi - mu mizere ya kuchimbudzi kulankhulana. The tizilombo chilengedwe zana masauzande asilikali a ku Germany. Koma mbali ya otsutsa anapeza kuti zichoke mphete. Litaphulitsidwa milatho angapo kudutsa Danube, anakhoza kupeza chitetezo Buda.

M'mphepete lamanja la adani iwo unatenga pafupifupi wina anayi masabata. Ngakhale poyamba kulamulira Tolbukhin anatumizidwa ku ntchito iyi si kuposa tsiku. Ife tinali kuchita ang'ono ake magulu kumenya. Ndege, anaganiza kuti ntchito, kuti kufafaniza mbali chakale cha mzinda. Pachifukwa chomwechi, zinali ntchito chochepa kwambiri cha zida zankhondo.

Mu nkhondo pakuti Ine ndidzakhala zikwi zingapo asilikali a ku Hungary anatenga gawo kwawo anagonja nkaidi angavomere mayunitsi wa Red Army. February 13, patapita pofuna akuyesayesa kuswa zotsala za kaboma German molamulidwa ndi Karl Pfeffer-Wildenbruch mbendera zoyera ndipo anapereka. Deti la kumasulidwa kwa Budapest - February 13, 1945

Ngakhale Moscow mkulu wa Commander Wamkulukulu namulonjera amuna - ndi opindula amadzibisa awiri anayesa kuthetsa gulu la 500 - 600 anthu opulumuka ku Germany ndi Hungarians ku Budapest. Ntchito yaikulu ndi kuwaononga anatumizidwa ku 46th Army 3 dzuwa.

Okwana pa ntchito yomasulira Budapest (tsiku lomalizira - 02.13.1945) anawonongedwa zikwi 50 adani ndi 138 zikwi anagwidwa ...

Zikho "Pakuti Jambulani wa Budapest"

Mu April 1945 (chaka cha kumasulidwa ndi asilikali a Soviet ku Budapest), pamene izo zinali zoonekeratu kuti aliyense kuti kugonjetsedwa komaliza kwa Germany - ndi nthawi yochepa, mkulu wa General mmene kukumana Khrulev inalamula gulu la ojambula kukhala ntchito za mendulo kuti amasuke ndipo analanda mizinda pamalo abwino zofunika European. Kenako titakambirana mwatsatanetsatane zina zachidule onse bungwe la Presidium wa USSR Council Supreme June 9, 1945 zinasaina lamulo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Mendulo "Pakuti Jambulani wa Budapest". Amaitcha ake onse mwachindunji akanthe, anatenga gawo mu nkhondo likulu Chihangare 20 December 1944 15 February 1945. okwana mndandanda wa Mendulo kupereka yomasulira Budapest lili oposa 360 zikwi. Man. Ngati msilikali anali kupereka ankati ndi Mendulo pamodzi ndi zikalata wake mphoto litadutsa yotsatira m'bale ndizidzakumbukira zakale.

Zikho yomasulira Budapest (chithunzi muli ndi mwayi kuona m'nkhani) ayenera wokwera pa kumanzere kwa pachifuwa. Ndi yoyambirira ija, ndipo mu pamaso pa Mendulo "Pakuti Kugonjetsa Japan" - wachiwiri.

ndalamayo anadzipereka kuti patha zaka 50 tili adani Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo

February 14, 1995 a chikumbutso 50 tili chigonjetso ndalama 3 rubles kanatuluka Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo.

• Avers: pamwamba pamodzi m'mphepete olembedwa chipembedzo ndi chaka kumasulidwa, pansi - BANK OF RUSSIA. Pakati (mu mkombero lili) - chifaniziro cha Spasskaya Nsanja ya Moscow Kremlin, mkati mwa felemu lija - Monogram timbewu MMD.

• chigamulocho: Iwo chimasonyeza asilikali anayi Soviet (kumenyana ndi maziko a manda a kamangidwe ka Budapest). Zolemba pamodzi m'mphepete: "The anamasulidwa Europe ku fascism," "Budapest 13.02.1945, ndi" (Pamwamba ndi pansi, motero).

thandizo Red Army mu kubwezeretsa boma Chihangare

Pa ayambe makina Chihangare boma, utsogoleri Union anayamba kuganiza bwino lisanathe wa Budapest ntchito. Ntchito yaikulu iye anali kapangidwe maphwando ovomereza-Soviet. Maziko awo anali kukhala m'dera odana lopondereza bloc, n'kubwerera mamembala ukapolo wa Chihangare Communist Party.

Pa December 2, dziko linalengedwa ndi Chihangare National wodzilamulira Front. makomiti ake dziko kenako anapereka thandizo kwambiri kwa anthu onse okwana mphamvu lopondereza m'gawo la Hungary. Zinali iwo amene anachita kubwezeretsedwa kwa kasamalidwe kuwonongedwa kwa chuma Chihangare. Mu theka lachiwiri la December anayamba ntchito zake Provisional Assembly National ndi Provisional National boma.

Mabungwe awa boma bwinobwino ntchito, Bungwe la UV 2 Asilikali adauzidwa apatseni chakudya, mafuta, kuteteza malo.

December 28, 1944 a GNP waganiza amachoka mu mgwirizano lopondereza ndi kulengeza nkhondo pa Germany. Hungary lalembedwa ndi armistice, osati ndi Soviet Union, komanso ndi Great Britain ndi United States. Pa nthawi ya osayanjanitsika m'dziko ntchito anagwirizana Control Commission, amene anali tasked kutsogolera Voroshilov.

Pambuyo pa adani a Budapest zimaonetsa chakudya am'deralo anatitumiza lamulo Soviet. Anthu anatitumiza matani oposa 5 tirigu ndi matani 100 a mbewu monga chimanga. Mnyamata Chihangare asilikali Soviet chabe imayambira m'makhitchini kumunda.

Zotsatira anamasulidwa Budapest

Pa ntchito, gawo la Budapest Army Gulu "South" chachikulu kuwonongeka mpaka kalekale chidachitika. Iye anataya 56 zopatutsana ndi brigades. Germany anataya angakuthandizeni otsiriza ndi mafuta Chihangare. The kulanda 37 magulu Wehrmacht kuchokera kum'mawa yakutsogolo Hungary ndipo chitayiko chawo wotsatira zikusonyeza kwa pasadakhale zambiri mofulumira asilikali Soviet kumadzulo. Budapest Jambulani analola Red Army kwambiri kufika phiko kum'mwera kwa gulu lankhondo la adani, ndipo inuyo mutsogolere kuukira zambiri zokhudza Vienna ndi Prague.

chitukuko anali ndi nzeru ndi njira za kumenyana mphamvu Soviet. Budapest ntchito lamulo anaulula zolakwa khalidwe la Nkhondo zoterezi.

The zoipa chachikulu chinali imfa irreplaceable moyo wa munthu. Ntchito yomasulira Budapest ku Nazi (tsiku lomalizira - February 13, 1945) chimatengedwa ngati wamagazi ambiri a European ntchito onse ankhondo. Chigonjetso anapita ku mtengo wa moyo oposa 80 zikwi a asilikali. Anavulala oposa 240 zikwi.