Pamene magalimoto poyamba anaonekera mu Russia?

Pamene magalimoto poyamba anaonekera mu Russia? Tisanayankhe funso limeneli, tiyenera kumvetsa mfundo zimene ndi galimoto.

ndi galimoto Kodi

Mawu "galimoto" idzafotokoza awiri. "Auto" - analengedwa Greek ndipo limatanthauza 'kudzikonda "ndi" sayenda "njira Latin" kayendedwe ".

Iwo likukhalira kuti galimoto - ndi chipangizo kuti ndikasendeza paokha. Kuti, kapangidwe ayenera kukhala galimoto yake limagwirira - nthunzi, gasi, magetsi, mafuta, dizilo - kaya motani, monga kugwiritsa ntchito kubwerera gudumu. Choncho, galimoto yoyamba inatuluka mu Russia pa nthawi imene anatulukira ena mamangidwe waluso amasamukira popanda thandizo la khama akulu munthu kavalo samatha ndi.

Koma makolo a makampani zoweta magalimoto ayenera kutengedwa ngati Russian "lefties" amene akhoza m'mudzimo ziwembu zawo popanda nawo akavalo, ndi osanenapo iwo kungakhale kulakwa.

Magwero a makampani zoweta magalimoto

Mbiri ya Russian galimoto yoyamba anayamba November 1, 1752 ku St. Petersburg. Pali anali woyamba wasonyeza zinayi mawiro ophimba, amene anali kuyenda popanda thandizo la akavalo ndi nyama zina kusodza. Zinali limagwirira zitsulo ndi anayambika mothandizidwa ndi zipata mwapadera ndi khama akulu a munthu mmodzi. The ophimba angathe kunyamula, kuwonjezera dalaivala Anthu ena awiri ndipo motero anasamukira pa liwiro la 15 km / h. Wopanga makina adali munthu wamba serf anaphunzitsa, ankakhala m'chigawo Nizhny Novgorod - Shamshurenkov Leonty Lukyanovich. Iye analenga limagwirira ndi, ndithudi, izo zikhoza kukhala galimoto, koma sizinali ngolo.

Chifupi bwino kuti ife masomphenya a galimoto anali Russian mlengi Ivan Petrovich Kulibin.

adalira Kulibina

Kapangidwe, anatulukira Kulibin inkakhala ndi galimotoyo mawiro atatu amene awiri mpando zonyamula wakhala anaika. Dalaivala yekha, unali kuseri mpandowu anali nayenso kukakamiza pedals awiri, amagwirizana ndi kasinthasintha wa limagwirira gudumu. Adalira Kulibina kwambiri kuti lili pafupifupi onse mfundo zofunika za kamangidwe tsogolo galimoto, ndipo iye amene poyamba ntchito ophimba kusuntha magiya wake, braking chipangizo, ndi mayendedwe ndi gudumu.

The zikamera wa galimoto yoyamba mu Russia

Mu 1830, K. Yankevich amene anali otchuka mbuye wa oyang'anira Affairs, pamodzi ndi omuthandizira ake anasonkhana "Bystrokat" - wosadziletsa injini matayala makina ndi injini ndi nthunzi. injini anali chipangizo zochokera ziwembu nthunzi mayunitsi mphamvu I. I. Polzunova, INE Cherepanov ndi P. K. Frolova. Nkhuni, malinga zatsopano, anali ndi ntchito paini makala.

Kamangidwe anali ankakhala ngolo gudumu, zomwe, kuwonjezera pa malo dalaivala, ndi chipinda china cha anthu.

Komabe, limagwirira anali wolemera kwambiri ndi zovuta ntchito. Choncho, kapangidwe ka makina inali mwachisawawa. Komabe, anali woyamba m'banja galimoto ku Russia, zomwe kwenikweni zikhoza kuganiziridwa weniweni kudziletsa injini makina ndi injini ndi nthunzi.

Maonekedwe a injini kuti akhoza kuthamanga pa petulo, anapereka kutsogolera kwa pofuna kukwaniritsa magalimoto, monga iye amene, chifukwa kukula ndi yaying'ono, angakhale gwero la galimoto mphamvu galimoto m'tsogolo.

The magalimoto woyamba ndi injini mkati kuyaka mu Russia

Malinga ndi ena olemba mbiri ndi ofufuza, galimoto yoyamba ndi injini kuyaka mkati inamangidwa mu 1882 m'tauni yaing'ono pa Volga. Olemba makina anali akatswiri ndi Putilov Hlobil. Komabe, zikalata zofunikira, molondola akutitsimikizira izi, kotero anapeza ndipo izo sizinali. Choncho, akukhulupirira kuti magalimoto oyamba ku Russia, okonzeka ndi injini madzi mafuta zinkachokera ku mayiko ena.

Mu 1891 Vasily Navorotskim, ntchito monga mkonzi wa mmodzi wa Odessa manyuzipepala mu Russia anali kunja French galimoto "Panhard Levassor." Iwo likukhalira kuti kwa nthawi yoyamba m'dziko lathu dziko mafuta galimoto anaona anthu a Odessa.

Isanafike Russian Ufumu, likulu la patsogolo mu mawonekedwe a magalimoto petulo anafika zaka 4 kenaka. August 9, 1895 St. Petersburg anaona woyamba petulo kudziletsa injini makina. Patapita kanthawi, pang'ono magalimoto awa anabweretsedwa ku likulu.

Zikuoneka kuti maonekedwe a zanyengo kunja pa msika padziko lonse anakankhira kuchitapo kanthu ndi akatswiri zoweta kamangidwe.

woyamba galimoto Russia ndi injini kuyaka

Mu 1896 pa Nizhny Novgorod chionetsero chifukwa choonera anthu polima galimoto kwathunthu msonkhano zoweta, okonzeka ndi injini mafuta. galimoto dzina lake "Car Frese ndi Yakovlev," polemekeza okonza awo - E. A. Yakovleva ndi P. A. Freze. Yakovlev The mbewu umabala HIV ndi injini ya galimoto. Galimotoyo, mawilo ndi thupi lenilenilo akupangidwa ku fakitale Frese. Komabe, sitingathe kunena kuti maonekedwe a galimoto Russian anali mtengo kokha la akatswiri Russian.

Western chitsanzo galimoto Russian

Ambiri mwina, Frese ndi Yakovlev kupanga makina ake anagwiritsa ntchito zinachitikira German mlengi Benz ndi muyezo anatengedwa ndi galimoto yake "Benz Victoria" zimenedi iwo anapeza mwa kuchezera 1893 Exhibition ku Chicago, kumene anasonyeza, monga moyenera ndipo kwake maonekedwe a galimoto zoweta ndi zofanana kwambiri ndi chitsanzo German.

Komabe, tiyenera kupereka msonkho kwa akatswiri a Russian, galimoto si buku mwathunthu akumeneko wa mnzake yachilendo. Galimotoyo, thupi ndi powertrain galimoto zoweta akhala kwambiri bwino, amene anali accentuated mu atolankhani a nthawi, kwambiri kutsatira zimene zikuchitika atsopano mu atulukira wakumunda zoyambitsidwa.

Zalembedwa magawo makina zoweta, komanso zithunzi, ndi sipezeka. Onse ziweruzo za galimoto potengera wotsalayo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, mafotokozedwe ndi zithunzi. Ndipotu, ngakhale iwo sadziwa zochuluka pa makina onse zino. Koma Mulimonsemo, awa anali magalimoto choyamba mu Russia, kumene kupanga siriyo magalimoto Russian.

Pamzere womaliza kwa woyamba wa magalimoto petulo

Mbiri ya galimoto, anasonkhana Frese ndi mnzake, chinatha nthawi yomweyo. Mu chaka cha 1898, zomangamanga ndi industrialist Yakovlev anafa, kuti zoona, chinali chiyambi cha kutha kwa woyamba wa makampani zoweta magalimoto. Imfa mnzake Frese amakakamizidwa kugula injini magalimoto kudziko lina, ndithudi, kunali disadvantageous kwambiri kwa iye. Mu 1910, iye anagulitsa zonse anakhazikitsa kupanga Chirasha Baltic doko la zombo zapanyanja.

Komabe, popeza kuti magalimoto woyamba kupanga Russian zoweta anali kuthokoza Yakovlev ndi Frese, muyaya lolembedwa mu mbiri ya makampani zoweta magalimoto, komanso RBVZ anali sitepe yotsatira mu chitukuko cha Russian galimoto kupanga.

Chirasha Baltic carload fakitale (RBVZ)

Woyamba Russian galimoto mtundu inali yololedwa wotchedwa "Russo-Balt". Pansi, chaka musanagule Frese fakitale, m'chilimwe cha 1909, kampani anapanga galimoto yoyamba kupanga yake.

Cars wa mtundu uwu atsimikizira okha monga wangwiro ndi odalirika kwambiri, kuti akutsimikiza bwino magalimoto nawo amathamanga mtunda wautali, Mpikisano galimoto ndipo ngakhale mu misonkhano lonse. Pali zida zoimbira chakuti imodzi magalimoto linatuluka mu 1910 pansi pa chizindikiro "C-24", zaka 4 ntchito wadutsa 80 chikwi. Km popanda kusokonezeka lalikulu ndi zokonza. Ngakhale garaja lachifumu anaika lamulo kwa zitsanzo ziwiri magalimoto mu 1913, "K-12" ndi "C-24".

60% ya zombo galimoto wa asilikali Russian inkakhala makina "Russo-Balt". Komanso, mbewu Nagula magalimoto osati kokha, komanso galimotoyo ntchito magalimoto oti muli nazo zida.

Mfundo yofunika kuti pafupifupi mbali zonse, zigawo ndi njira ya mbewu ankapanga yake. Lina anagula matayala yekha, mayendedwe mpira, ndi gauges mafuta kuthamanga.

RBVZ kubala magalimoto lalikulu zedi, ndipo mwa aliyense wa iwo panali interchangeability pafupifupi mayunitsi ndi mbali.

Mu 1918 kampani anali nationalized ndipo anapitiriza mbiri yake mbewu onse oti muli nazo zida.