M'dera la mbiri Don Cossacks. Map Area wa Army Don

Don Cossack asilikali litatenga dera la Don Cossacks. Masiku ano, mayiko amenewa zili Rostov, Volgograd, Lugansk, Voronezh dera ndi Kalmykia. Ngakhale Rostov panaoneka pano mu Mwachitsanzo chatha, ambiri mwa zolemba pa anthu ndi mbiri ya m'dera limeneli lili zakale ake ndi akale.

Mbiri ya mapangidwe ya Don Cossacks

Deti la mapangidwe nduna ya Don Cossacks ankaona kutuluka polemba gwero, zomwe zinasungidwa kuti masiku athu. Ndi funso la Ivana Groznogo, amene akufunsa Michael Ataman Cherkashenina kumvera pambuyo mfumu Novosiltsev mtsogoleri Constantinople. mayendedwe ake anatenga pa Don. Pa boma limeneli analonjeza kuti adzapereka kwa Cossacks. Chibwenzi ma dipuloma - January 3, 1570. Ngakhale n'zoonekeratu ndi chakuti Union of Cossacks, ndi Don Asilikali inakhazikitsidwa kale kwambiri. Chifukwa mukatero mfumu chabe palibe amene kuzithetsa.

Koma chikalata ikusonyeza kuti kuyambira nthawi imeneyo Don Cossacks mwalamulo kulondera kum'mwera kwa dziko la ufumu. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XVI, izo wotanganidwa gawo ochokera m'mayiko okwana kutalika za 800 makilomita. Inali pa magombe a Don ndi makhwawa wake. Ndipo pambuyo Cossacks wina m'nthawi ya Don asilikali anali waukulu mphamvu zida kulimbana ndi Turkey ndi Polish adani. Chifukwa cha utumiki wawo analandira ndalama, onga, kutsogolera nsalu ndi mkate.

Kudziyimira pawokha ndi wodzilamulira

Don Cossacks pang'onopang'ono m'magulu awiri: osamala ndi golutvennye. Zoyambazo munkakhala anthu akale ndipo anaikidwa m'mayiko m'munsi, yotsirizira anasowa pokhala ndipo anakakhala ku malire chapamwamba cha mtsinje. Isanafike chiyambi cha m'ma XVIII. Dziko la Don asilikali anali yoyenda yokha ndipo anali pansi pa ulamuliro wa asilikali bwalo ndi osankhidwa matupi wamkulu. Asanapite ku chisankho zinachitika Ataman, ndi mphamvu zopanda malire. asilikali unagawidwa zana ndi makumi asanu, mutu amene anali Kenturiyonso, Achipentekoste ndi Khorunzhiy. Pambuyo Bulavin kugalukira ndi Don Cossack asilikali subordinated ku usilikali Collegium.

Kuyambira 1763 utumiki Cossack anakhala kuvomerezedwa ndi moyo mu chikhalidwe. Nkhondo ya 1773-1775 anali anthu wamba kutha Cossack kudziyimira pawokha. Don anatenga asilikali a mfumu. Koma kuti sanali mapeto awo "svoevolnichestva" imene inatenga nthawi yaitali kuti.

Don sanali ufulu

zaka 1769-1775 - mapangidwe Cossack timu Petersburg Legiyo ndi pyatisotennogo Ataman ya Don Cossacks Regiment.

1797 - maziko a Don Cossack zida zankhondo. Chaka chotsatira chinachitika kusankha Cossacks ngati Regiment palokha, ndipo pawo amawatchula kuti khamu. Pa nthawi yomweyo mwambo anasonyeza Cossacks malipiro kwa malipiro a m'gulu kake.

M'zaka 1798-1800 kapitawo Cossack ali ndi ufulu wofanana ndi anthu otchuka Russian, ndi serfs zinazake. Anagwirizira zaluso zotsatirazi:

• Kuyamba kwa nthawi zaka 30 usilikali;
• tanthauzo la zida ankhondo;
• kugwiritsira malo ankhondo starshina Regiment monga lamulo mthandizi substituent ake;
• gulu la zovala usilikali ndipo tsiku ndi tsiku kunyumba.

Kusintha kwa 1835

Luso 1835 anapereka aliyense gawo Cossack mu kuchuluka kwa 30 maekala. Koma kale mu 1916 ndalamazo zochepa 11, ndipo dziko tafuna maekala 9,8 yekha a m'dziko. Mu zaka za m'ma makumi awiri, oposa theka la mabanja Cossack anakakamizika lendi ziwembu awa, pofuna kubweza ngongoleyo zida zankhondo. Only wachisanu ndi mabanja anali pa nthawi olemera.

Pambuyo pa kusintha kwa 1835 pa asilikali ndiponso anthu wamba Cossacks onse anagawanika. M'dera la Don Cossacks anali kuyembekezera kusintha zotsatirazi:

• kachiwiri;
• Chigawo cha malo ankhondo;
• kuvomerezedwa kukakamizidwa kwa anthu aamuna 18 kwa 43 zaka;
• liletse midzi pa dera la asilikali a alendo;
• Cossack kusinthika mu kalasi chatsekedwa ndi moyo wachokera thereto;
• kukondweretsa latsopano M'gulu zida.

Movomerezedwa ndi Don Army Region

Mu 1874, iwo anatenga mawu a boma latsopano la ulamuliro mkati. Iwo inkakhala ndi ankhondo a ndodo, oyang'anira ntchito m'madi- munthu asilikali ndi zida zankhondo. 1875 - oyamba dzina lovomerezeka ya Don Cossacks. Mu chaka chomwecho panali kuchepetsa nthawi ya usilikali kwa zaka 20.

Mu ulamuliro wa Alexander III MUNDA Don Army (Donetsk dera) linali lofika Gradonachalstva Taganrog ndi Rostov County. Anachita chigawo latsopano boma. Mu chaka chomwecho panali chiyembekezo chakuti nsanamira atsogoleri m'madipatimenti.

The February utasintha cha 1917 zaka ndithu chinathandiza mapangidwe ya Don boma asilikali. mutu wake anakhala Ataman AM Kaledin. Iwo anatsutsana ndi zikamera wa Soviet Union. Mu 1918 zinachitika mapangidwe ya Don Soviet Republic, kumene nthawi zonse zikuthwanima odana Soviet kugalukira. Mu 1920, Don Cossack khamu unatha ndipo anabwezeretsedwa okha 90 ntchentche wa XX atumwi.