Nyama usiku: a review, mndandanda wa mbali ndi malongosoledwe

nyama zonse padziko lathuli ndi kusinthasintha kwa zinthu kuli ndi malo ozungulira. Ndipo chifukwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana, ena mwa iwo anasankha kuchita usiku. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nyama khama ntchito yawo yayikulu usiku osati masana, masana amakonda mpumulo kapena kulalikira.

nyama nocturnal

The zosiyanasiyana za zinthu zamoyo zimayenda usiku, unalidi waukulu. Ena mwa iwo n'zochepa kwambiri ndipo ochepa ndi oimira munthu ndi onse imapezeka m'dziko lina. Komabe, pali anthu, monga akadzidzi, chiwerengero cha mitundu wakupambana 100, koma malinga ndi zina - ngakhale 200. Choncho, mtundu wa nyama ndi usiku? Nawa ena mwa iwo:

• Mitundu yambiri ya kadzidzi ndi mamembala awo m'banja;
• kozodoi;
• mikango;
• Humboldt nyamayi;
• Mvuu (Mvuu);
• mphiri dzenje mphiri (mazana awiri mitundu);
• mimbulu wofiira;
• mileme ;
• coyotes;
• usiku nyani;
• felines ambiri, kuphatikizapo nyumba;
• hedgehogs;
• hares;
• mbuzi zam'tchire;
• nguluwe ndi ena ambiri.

Mu mdima, zomera kupereka chakudya ndi ana ake, ndi pa tsiku kubisala mu nyumba zawo kapena zomera wandiweyani (mitengo), kudikira dzuwa kupitiriza kusakasaka kachiwiri. Usiku wina amathandiza kubisa kwa adani, ndipo iwo nawonso, m'malo mwake, kupeza nyama. Kotero pali nkhondo imeneyi wosatha.

Humboldt nyamayi

Izi zolusa nyama zonse zopanda mafupa mollusks kuwona bwino mu mdima ndipo amatha chinthu okha, kusintha mtundu wawo, zimene zimathandiza kuti chakudya chawo usiku ndi kuthawa kwa adani oopsa omwe si mantha kudya okha. Sunthani ndi kusaka zambiri shoals anthu mpaka 1,200. Pa kudya ndi mwamakani kwambiri ndipo akhoza kuukira osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa cha mphamvu yake zimaphethira ofiira ndi oyera pa kusakasaka ali nalo dzina lakuti "wofiira mdierekezi."

Anthu nyama nocturnal m'nyanja, masana ikuchitika kuti akuya (700 m), ndipo pa Kukada anakweza pafupi pamwamba (200 m) kwa kusaka. Izi nyama zazikulu, nthawizina kufika 1,9 mamita mu kutalika pa pakhoma, ndi kulemera - 50 kg. Wolembedwa mfundo za makhalidwe aukali Humboldt nyamayi kuti zinthu achilendo. Komanso, iwo odya anzawo: a anavulazidwa kapena wofooka tribesman anaukira oimira wa gululo. Chifukwa, iwo mwamsanga anenepa ndi miyeso, moyo, ngakhale kwa nthawi yaitali - zaka 1-2 yokha. Habitat - kuchokera Tierra del Fuego kwa California, ndipo chimafikira kumpoto kwa kugombe la Washington, Oregon, Alaska ndi British Columbia.

mimbulu wofiira

Izi ogwirira - kwambiri nocturnal alenje. Kuti tichite zimenezi, iwo mwangwiro anayamba mphamvu zonse: kuona, kumva ndi fungo. Akuti zinatha, koma mwamwayi, ine anatha kupeza manambala awo mu North America, kumene iwo ali tsopano moyang'aniridwa pafupi. Izi ndi subspecies rarest a nkhandwe wamba, mtanda pakati pa nkhandwe imvi coyote. Ginger wodula bwino nyama zosakwana mnzake ake imvi, koma ali miyendo yaitali ndi makutu koma wamfupi ubweya, womwenso mtundu wofiira, imvi, wakuda ndi zofiirira mitundu. Dzina limeneli zikomo kwa anthu Texas kuti atsatira mtundu wofiira.

Nyama zimenezi nocturnal ali wodzichepetsa mu chakudya, zakudya zawo tichipeza: makoswe, akalulu raccoons, nutria, muskrat, tizilombo, zipatso, zovunda. Nthawi zina nkhosa za kusaka mbawala. Okha mimbulu wofiira amapewanso ngozi: iwo akuvutika ndi achibale awo ndi mimbulu ena, nyama pa ng'ona achinyamata ndi bobcats. M'mikhalidwe zachilengedwe, amakhala 8 zaka za ukapolo - mpaka 14. Poyamba, panali subspecies atatu pa mimbulu wofiira, awiri amene anali zinatha mu zaka zosiyana.

Akadzidzi: Kanthu Hunter

Mwa yaikulu zosiyanasiyana akadzidzi ambiri - nyama usiku. Kadzidzi - mbalame yolusa, zakudya ake tichipeza: makoswe (kupanga chachikulu), sing'anga-kakulidwe mbalame, achule, abuluzi, tizilombo; kuchokera akadzidzi nsomba ndi akadzidzi - nsomba. Anthu ena anakhalabe mu ukapolo, mosangalala kudya amadyera atsopano. Moyo ndi chisa kulikonse (mu anasiya zisa, m'maenje, Matani thanthwe, mabwinja, pansi pa madenga a nyumba, pa belo nsanja, anasiya nyumba), ena - mu kamakumba una. Alanda mtunda uliwonse ndi malo, koma Antarctica ndi zisumbu.

akadzidzi kwambiri ndi nthenga zofewa, chomwe chimawathandiza mwakachetechete kuulukira pansi pa nyama, kotero sanathe kuona chilombo. Mbalame ndi masomphenya sharpest - chakwanira zipinda zazikulu zokhala 0.000002 chabe kuona amodzi mbewa pa usiku wamdima! Kumva akadzidzi komanso ali pa mpira: amatha kumva kaphokoso wa cockroach kukwawa pa khoma! Izi "zida" zimawachititsa alenje kwambiri.

mitundu akadzidzi

Pali subfamilies awiri a mbalame izi: Awa ndi akadzidzi amakhala m'mapanga barani Kadzidzi. Yotsirizira amasiyana woyamba mtima woboola pakati pankhope galasi (akadzidzi ndi kuzungulira), komanso ali pa pakati chala losongoka claw. Pali mitundu 11 akadzidzi khola moyo limati ambiri mu Soviet Union, nyama nocturnal zimapezeka Belarus, ndi Baltic States ndi Western Ukraine.

Akadzidzi zambiri kusaka usiku, koma pali mitundu kuti chakudya ndi tsiku (Mphamba, chithaphwi, mphanga, pygmy kadzidzi, nsomba kadzidzi ndi kadzidzi nsomba). Akazi ku amuna amasiyana kukula - "madona" amakhala akuluakulu koma ndi mtundu umodzi.

Oimira waukulu wa akadzidzi ndi:

• mphungu kadzidzi - lalikulu (osiyanasiyana 1.5-1.8 mamita mapiko);
• Gray Kadzidzi (mpaka 1.5m);
• Ural kadzidzi (kwa 1.2 m).

Kadzidzi akhoza kusokonezedwa ndi kadzidzi mphungu chifukwa kukula, koma iwo alibe "makutu" - makamaka nthenga kukula pa mutu, chokhala makutu nyama.

Kadzidzi zing'onozing'ono: North America elfovy kadzidzi (kutalika 12-15 cm, kulemera 50 g); pang'ono zikuluzikulu - pygmy kadzidzi.

Kawalidwe tarsier - Indonesia nocturnal Kanyaniko

Pakati pa anthu ambiri a zinyama a dera lake limapezeka zosowa nocturnal nyama Indonesia - kawalidwe tarsier, kapena torsier, monga iwo ukutchedwa. Zimatanthauza kuti a anyani, ndi kulumikiza mu kanjedza, chifukwa pafupifupi kukula kwa 10 cm. Kukhala tarsiers mabanja m'nkhalango Indonesia ndi m'mapaki, m'malo mitengo ndi m'maenje, kumene kubisa masana ndi tulo. zakudya yaikulu imakhala ziwala ndi tizilombo, koma pokhala anyani, musadye zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba.

Torsiery - osiyanasiyana lapadera: iwo akhoza kulumpha mu chivundikiro wina patali owonjezera 10-20 nthawi thupi lake kutalika. Kupita yopingasa pamwamba monga kangaroos, atagwira forelegs pursed ndi kukankha mmbuyo. nyama zimenezi, nocturnal, pangozi - m'chilengedwe zochepa chabe anthu.

anyani Night

Dzina la anyani amenewa akusonyeza kuti nyama ndi nightlife yogwira. Region malo - nkhalango za ku Central ndi South America, ku m'maenje a mitengo ndi zitsamba usiku nyani kubisala masana. Nightlife nyama akuyamba mphindi 15 pambuyo likamalowa: amapita kukafunafuna chakudya, koma kwambiri usiku kachiwiri kubwerera ku pobisalira awo, kumene maola 1.5-2 zina ndipo kenako kupita kunja kachiwiri kukafunafuna chakudya. Dziwani kuti mu mdima ndi anyani sindikuwona chirichonse, kotero iwo si achangu mu mwezi. Wochitidwa ndi ofufuza diso diso kafukufuku anyani anatsogolera kunena kuti anali dzana nyama amene pazifukwa zina anasintha dongosolo la tsiku.