Short yonena Tolstogo Lva Nikolaevicha - ubwana ndi unyamata wake, kufunafuna malo ake

Mu 1828, pa malo a Yasnaya Polyana, August 26, malo otchuka Russian wolemba Leo Tolstoy. Banjali linali lalitali wobadwa - anali kholo la olemekezeka, analandira Pano Kupambana kwa Tsar Peter mutu wa kuwerengedwa. Amayi anali ku banja wakale wolemekezeka wa Holly. Kukhala kalasi mwayi chikhalidwe kulimbikitsa khalidwe ndi maganizo a wolemba moyo wake wonse. Mwachidule yonena Tolstogo Lva Nikolaevicha sanali kwathunthu kuulula m'mbiri ya banja wakale mzere.

Abata moyo Yasnaya Polyana

wolembayo ubwana anali otetezeka kwambiri, ngakhale kuti mayi ake anamwalira. Kudzera nkhani banja anapitiriza chopepuka chithunzichi yokumbukira. Mwachidule yonena Tolstogo Lva Nikolaevicha akusonyeza kuti bambo wake anali chimake cha wolemba kukongola ndi mphamvu. Iye anaika mnyamata kukonda kusaka ndi hounds, amene mwatsatanetsatane kenako limafotokonzera buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere".

Mugone Close anali ndi m'bale wake wamkulu Nicholas, - adaphunzitsa yaing'ono Levushka masewera osiyana ndi kumuuza nkhani zosangalatsa. Nkhani yoyamba Tolstoy - "Ana" - lili kwambiri kukumbukira autobiographical wa zaka ubwana wa wolemba.

achinyamata

Wopambana kukhala wachimwemwe pa Yasnaya Polyana ankafunika chifukwa cha imfa ya bambo ake. Mu 1837 banja anasamukira ku Kazan m'ndende za azakhali. Mu mzinda uwu, malinga ndi mbiri mwachidule Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo, mnyamata wolemba anadutsa. Apa iye analembetsa 1844 ku yunivesite - woyamba pa nthanthi, ndiyeno pa mphamvu ya Chilamulo. Komabe, maphunziro angapo chidwi, wophunzirayo wakonda zosiyanasiyana zosangalatsa ndi chitayiko.

Pamenepo kanthawi yonena Tolstogo Lva Nikolaevicha limafotokoza kuti iye munthu anyalanyaza anthu a m'munsi nonaristocratic kalasi. Iye anakana mbiri sayansi - mu maso ake analibe kugwiritsa ntchito. Mukhale maweruzo wolemba wanu anapitiriza moyo.

Paudindo mwininyumba

Mu 1847, ndipo osati maphunziro anga ku yunivesite, Tolstoy anaganiza zobwerera ku Yasnaya Polyana ndi kuyesa moyo wa serfs awo. Zenizeni zikuchepa osemphana ndi malingaliro a wolemba. Wamba sanamvetse zolinga za mbuye wake, ndi yonena mwachidule Tolstogo Lva Nikolaevicha limafotokoza zimene zinachitikira kasamalidwe yake analephera ( "Morning a mwininyumba kuti," wolemba nawo mu nkhani yake), kotero kuti amasiya chuma chake.

Njira kukhala mlembi

Zaka zochepa mu St. Petersburg ndi Moscow, akhala kuti tsogolo la novelist zazikulu kanthu. Kuyambira zaka 1847 kuti 1852, kusunga zolemba, imene mosamala azigwirizana maganizo onse awo ndi mawunikidwe Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy. Mwachidule yonena limatiuza kuti mu kufanana ntchito ikuchitika mu nthawi ya utumiki mu Caucasus pa nkhani "Ana" lomwe kenako lisindikizidwa mu "Contemporary" magazini. Ichi chinali chiyambi cha zina njira kulenga lalikulu Russian wolemba.

Patsogolo wolemba amayembekeza kwa chilengedwe cha ntchito zake zazikulu za "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" ndi "Anna Karenina", ndipo pamene iye hones kalembedwe wake amasindikizidwa "Contemporary" ndi basking mu ndemanga zabwino kuchokera kwa anthu otsutsa.

The Patapita zaka za zilandiridwenso

Mu 1855, Tolstoy mwachidule akadzafika mu St. Petersburg, koma basi miyezi ingapo, n'kumusiya ndi zikukhazikitsa mu Yasnaya Polyana, anatsegula sukulu ana wamba. Mu 1862, iye amalowa banja Sofey Bers ndi osangalala kwambiri m'zaka zoyambirira.

Mu zaka 1863-1869 analemba ndi prerabatyvalsya buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" imene anaberekera ndi nkhope Baibulo tingachipeze powerenga. Palibe chikhalidwe zofunikira pa nthawi imeneyo. M'malo mwake, iwo alipo, koma si ofunika.

1877 - Kwatha buku ndi Tolstoy a "Anna Karenina," amene ntchito mobwerezabwereza phwando mkati monologue.

Kuyambira theka lachiwiri la 60s wa, Tolstoy akukumana ndi mavuto kulenga, amene anagwidwa yekha kumayambiriro kwa 1870-80-× ndi rethinking yatsatanetsatane ya moyo wake wakale. Ndiye pali kusagwirizana mu Tolstoy banja - mkazi wake sakuvomereza maganizo ake atsopano. Mfundo za mochedwa Tolstoy ofanana ndi chiphunzitso zokomera, kusiyana kokha kuti iye anali mdani wa zisinthe.

Mu zaka 1896-1904, Tolstoy anamaliza buku "Hadji Murat" imene inafalitsidwa atamwalira, komwe kunachitika mu November 1910 pamalopa Astapovo Ryazan-Ural msewu.