Louis XIII: yonena

Kodi kupeza French okha, mu mabuku a lupanga, lupanga , dzina lake Aleksandr Dyuma anapereka chithunzi kwambiri olimbika kumenya Mfumu Louis XIII. Izi ofooka ndi gutless ndipo zimasintha, ndi kuzizira, komanso wachiwawa ndipo costive yamphongo, yomwe ili mu mthunzi wa Richelieu kwambiri. Koma Ndipotu, wolamulira pang'ono odziwika, ngati kuonanso pa izo, ndipo angathe kuposa ulemerero wa atate wake Henry IV, ndipo mwana wa Louis XIV.

Kwa zaka 33 cha ulamuliro wake, ufumu wa France ndi osiyana kwambiri. Pakhala kuphatikiza mphamvu ndi yoyendetsa, ndi chitukuko cha malonda ndi asilikali. Kenako, zipatso tizigwiritsa ntchito mwana wake Louis XIV.

Dauphin (zaka 1601-1610)

Louis XIII - ni mwana wa Henry IV wa, Mfumu ya France ndi Navarre ndi Marii Medichi. Iye anabadwa mu 1601. ukwati chimenechi dynastic, cholinga kusunga chikoka French ku Italy, kujowina Florence ndi France wolowa. Kunatanthauzanso kulemba pa ngongole ya French pa Florence osunga ndalama. Mfumukazi wamng'ono anabereka ana aamuna asanu, amene anafika awiri okha akula - Louis XIII ndi m'bale wake Gaston, Duke wa Orleans. Mwana akukula mu chinyumba wa Saint-Germain-en-Laye, ndi ana Henry IV wapathengo. Iwo amaphunzitsa ake kwenikweni Albert De Luynes. Iye umachititsa mwanayo kukonda kusaka, kuyenda panja, kupenta ndi kuvina, kusewera zoimbira, ndi harpsichord ndi lute. Koma akuluakulu a boma de A Luynes mwana simuli okonzeka. Atate akonda Louis ndi bwino chimasiyanitsa izo kwa ana anu. Apo ayi, limanena kuti amayi. Iye wakonda Gaston. Mariya Medichi anati Louis pang'onopang'ono ndipo kwambiri si wokongola. Koma Louis sanakhale flustered, ngakhale manyazi ake achilengedwe, iye amakhulupiriradi ku tsogolo lake Mulungu. Bambo akamwalira, anaphedwa ndi wotentheka, ndipo regent mfumu zazing'ono akukhala mfumu. Panthawi imeneyi, Louis zaka 8 zokha. Amayi, Akuthawa mfundo mwamuna wake amafunsira zikulumikizana pafupi ndi Spain. Louis XIII kuchokera 1612 kale chinkhoswe Anne a Austria, mwana wamkazi wa Spanish mfumu.

regency

Mfumukazi sangathe kwathunthu kulamulidwa ndi boma, limene panali zinthu zisaipe pakati Achiprotestanti ndi Akatolika. Komanso, liwiro khama la nzika, oimira apamwamba mabanja achifumu: Conde, Giza, Montmorency. Mfumukazi mwachangu bwanji ankakonda ake, Italy Concini, polimbana d'Ankr. Wadyera ndi adyera, izo zimayambitsa chidani onse amene anakumana naye. Komanso, kumverera kwa mphamvu, amayesetsa manyazi mfumu ya m'tsogolo. Louis XIII, kuyesera kuyika mu malo Concini ndi kuteteza ulemu wake, kuyankhula kwa mayi ake, koma poyera kuti nkhanza latsopano. Pa nthawi imeneyi, anayamba amazunza wake m'mimba, omwe m'tsogolo kokha kuonjezera. Komabe, ngakhale kupweteka mobisa manyazi wachinyamata 15 wazaka akukonza Chiwembu. Achiwembuwo kuphedwa imfa Louvre. Louis, monenetsa zikugwirizana ndi kufunikira thupi kuchotsa iye, anati mwabwinobwino: "Panthawi imeneyi, ndine mfumu."

The chifukwa cha zokhumba za

mawu awa achitira umboni wolimba mtima wa Louis XIII, amene analimba mtima anatenga udindo tsoka la France zaka 15. Koma chiyambi cha ulamuliro wa ang'onoang'ono kuposa zipolowe. Analenga mbali ziwiri zotsutsana. Amene amathandiza achinyamata Louis, ndi amene amadalira mayi ake. Kuyambira zaka 1619 kuti 1620 pali "nkhondo" pakati pa mayi ndi mwana. Cardinal Armand du Plessis de A Richelieu mwaluso akuyendetsa pakati pa zipani kuti tikhazikitse mtendere ufumu. Louis poyamba osamala a zochita za mtendere, koma amauza masomphenya ake a ufumu: omasuka kudziwa ndi kuligonjetsa Achiprotestanti. Onse analibe kukayikira ndi mabasi pamene anaona kanthu koyenera. Mgwirizano anali mokwanira mogwirizana ndi efficiently.

Personal moyo ndi Anna Avstriyskaya

ukwati Dynastic chinachitika mu 1615. Komabe, ngakhale kuti mkazi wake - kukongola oyamba okha a France, Louis nthawi atazunguliridwa ndi okondedwa ubale umene sitinganene kuti Plato. Korol Lyudovik XIII ndi mkazi wake anathandiza ubwenzi lakutali. Iye Muzisamala mfumukazi. Kodi ambili sakonda mfumu wamng'ono, kotero kuti palibe ana ukwati. Popeza mfumu alibe mwana wazunguliridwa ndi ziwembu zosiyana. Patapita zaka khumi ndi zisanu ubale pakati pa mwamuna ndi mkazi adzasintha. Koma patapita zaka, Anne a Austria zimachitika ankakonda kwambiri kuposa aliyense, kuphatikizapo BUCKINGHAM. Patatha zaka 23 m'banja pali ana olandiridwa. Choyamba, Dauphin Louis, ndiye Filipp Orleansky. Ndipo pamene palibe ana, Achiprotestanti kupita ndi kupanduka yotseguka La Rochelle, amene pang'onopang'ono kuthandiza olemekezeka French ndi England, yemwe wakhala mdani wa zaka handiredi nkhondo, amene akadali ndi moyo mu mitima ya French Britain. The nkhondo mkati motsutsa Huguenots, mothandizidwa ndi Britain, akupitiriza mpaka 1628, kufikira citadel wa La Rochelle Sichinatsitsidwe anagonja. Mgwirizanowu mtendere limodzi ndi chitsimikizo ndi ufulu wa chipembedzo. Ndi nthawi kuti nkhondo anali wotopa dziko, chuma ndi kanthu.

ziwembu

Zingatanthauze kuti anthu otchuka a kulimbikira wosweka, koma mfundo pokana Mfumu ndi Cardinal anapitiriza kuchita olemekezeka. Duchesse de A Chevreuse akufuna akawona m'bale wake wolowa ku Mpandowachifumu. Chiwembucho nawonso mchimwene wa mfumuyo, Gaston Orleansky. Panthawi imeneyi, ubale akazi ndi sakuyenda. Mfumu kusonyeza kuti zinsinsi ake ankhondo kuzindikirike ndi Spanish bwalo. Mu kwawo Korol Lyudovik XIII anawona adani. Louis XIII ndi Anna Avstriyskaya nthaŵi zonse nkhawa ndiponso kusakhulupirirana. mkazi Chambers zinkafufuzidwa mkulu wa mfumu. Kulephera ndi mwana wa Anna (padera angapo) zina kumapatutsa akazi. Koma Richelieu, kuti athandize France, ndi kuyesetsa kuthetsa pakati pa mwamuna ndi mkazi.

Kubadwa kwa wolowa nyumba

Izi chochitika yaitali chinachitika mu 1638. Koma mavuto a zinthu si kugwa pa bwalo ndi boma. Patangotha zaka 12, pali kusintha kulimbikitsa ulamuliro wa mfumu, streamline makonzedwe kuwononga zotsala ang'onoang'ono mu mawonekedwe a ndewu, kumanga asilikali. M'munda mfumu limodzi ntchito pamodzi ndi Cardinal. Iwo azigwirizana. Kodi mfumu chaperekedwa kwa kupanga kusuntha lakuthwa, Cardinal amapereka kusamala mosavuta. Iwo kulemekezana, koma kusunga mtunda awo. Chotero mfundo amapanga mphamvu za udindo wa France pa dziko lonse. Mapeto zaka makumi atatu ozizira 'nkhondo Italy, koma 1635 kunabuka nkhondo pakati France ndi Spain. asilikali Spanish kubwera ku Paris. Mfumu panokha anatsogolera asilikali, ndipo adani anali atathamangitsidwa. nkhondo amapita zovuta. umoyo wa mfumu likuipiraipira pakali pano. Ngakhale mfumu kapena Cardinal sanaone mapeto a nkhondo. Mu 1642, Armand du Plessis anafa, koma masamba wolowa - Cardinal Mazarin. Louis XIII anafa matenda chaka chotsatira, mu 1643, wolowa kwa zaka zinayi. Mtheradi ufumu analenga Louis XIII, ndi Louis XIV nthawi zonse kuganizira kukula kwa kutchuka kwake. Ndipo komabe kwa zaka zambiri mphamvu zonse afika mayi ake, Anna Avstriyskaya, amene anakhala regent.

Zotsatira za ulamuliro

Ndipo akumidzi, ndi malonda ndi mafakitale ntchito mzinda anavutika nkhondo akuyenda. Komanso 1643 amalowerera France kukhala lalikulu European mphamvu kuiona bwino. Izi walenga ndi Louis XIII. Wambiri limanena kuti chifukwa izo ufumu anamasulidwa ku Habsburg amadzinenera monga Austria ndi Spanish. Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, Ufumu wa m'dera sanali kwambiri. Panali amphamvu monarchical boma. The ufumu anakhala mtheradi.

Palokha, Louis anali hypochondriac, odwala ndi wachisoni munthu, koma anthu ake maliro, nampatsa dzina lakuti Fair.