Natalia Goncharova, Pushkin Lanskaya - yonena ndi chidwi mfundo. Chikondi nkhani Natali Goncharovoy ndi Pushkin

Nataliya Nikolaevna Pushkina (Natalia Goncharova) - ndi mmodzi wa akazi angapo Russian, amene zochita kukambirana osati mu moyo wake, koma mu zaka mazanamazana pambuyo pa imfa yake. chithunzi wakhala akutama alakatuli kwambiri Russian, ndipo nthawi yomweyo pamaso pa ambiri, zinali ndi kukhala chifukwa cha imfa ya mkazi kwambiri.

banja

Tsogolo mkazi Aleksandra Pushkina anali mwana wa Nikolai Goncharov. makolo ake anali amalonda omwe mu ulamuliro wa Elizabeth apamwamba lamulo chopatsika otchuka. Monga mwana wamwamuna wa makolo ake, bambo Natalia a maphunziro kwambiri, mu 1804 iye analembedwa College of Affairs zakunja, ndipo patapita kanthawi, analandira udindo wa assessor collegiate anasankhidwa kukhala nduna ya Moscow kazembeyo.

mkazi wake - Natalia Ivanovna, nee Zagryazhskaya, anali buthu ulemu Mapu. M'maukwati awo anabadwa ana asanu. Natalia Goncharova - mwana wachisanu m'banja.

Childhood ndi unyamata

Zaka zoyambirira za moyo wa Natalia Goncharova anakhala m'midzi: choyamba, m'mudzi wa chigawo Karia, Tambov, ndiye zigawo Yaropolets ndi nsalu Factory. Kenako banja anasamukira ku likulu.

Natalia Goncharova, monga abale ndi alongo ake, maphunziro kwambiri kunyumba. Ana anaphunzitsa Russian ndi dziko mbiri, madera, French ndi Russian zinenero ndi mabuku. Pa nthawi yomweyo Natalia, amene anali wamng'ono wa alongo Goncharov, ali okongola kwambiri. Malinga ndi Maulendo a m'nthawi, alongo ake anali wokongola kwambiri, koma onse atatu anali ndi mwayi waukulu pa nthawi - atsikana anali malowolo, ngati agogo awo anamwaza onse mwayi banja ndi mbuye wake, mwana French ndi kumanzere mangawa yekha.

matchmaking

Alexander Pushkin ndi Nataliya Nikolaevna Goncharova anakumana mu Moscow kumapeto kwa 1828, ku mpira, amene anapereka Yogel kuvina mbuye. Kukongola ndi chisomo cha akazi atulutsa chidwi a ndakatulo iyi. Patapita miyezi 4 chikondi Pushkin anapempha dzanja lake makolo posankha mkhalapakati Theodore Tolstogo- "America."

Goncharova Sr. sanakane, koma sanagwirizane kuti ukwati kudziwa maganizo ake ndi kuti mwana wake akadali wamng'ono kwambiri kuyamba banja. Ndipotu, iye ayenera kupempha machesi zambiri wanzeru chifukwa Natalie, ndipo sanafune kuti agwirizane mu kuyandikana ndi freethinker, amene sanagwiritse ntchito malo pabwalo.

Pushkin anakwiya kwambiri ndipo mwankhawa anachoka ndi asilikali Caucasus. Tikaonanso Moscow mu September, iye mofulumira Goncharov, kumene akhadikhira phwando ozizira. Mwina, pa pakalibe ndakatulo angathe mayi apongozi tinapeza boma oona za chuma chake ndi kuphunzira zokhudza zizolowezi kwa mkwatibwi makadi. Komanso, Natalya Ivanovna Goncharova anali achipembedzo ndipo anakonda mochedwa Mfumu, kotero mwadzidzidzi linasokonekera Pushkin, amene anayesa kutsutsa malamulo a Alexander Ine, kapena kumuseka amene anali wapamwamba kupembedza. Zinaoneka kuti ndakatulo chiyani sakwanitsa kuti msungwana wa banja, ukapolo wa mtima wake, ndipo iye sadzakhoza kuitana mkazi wake.

Chikondi nkhani Natali Goncharovoy ndi Pushkin

M'chaka cha 1830 Alexander anali mu St. Petersburg. KUDZERA MWA ABWENZI mgwirizano, atamva kuti Goncharovs angalole kuti ukwati wake mwana wawo. Mofulumira ku Moscow ndipo anapanga kupereka, amene analandira. Ndipo mabwenzi apamtima banja ina ananenapo kuti ntchito zikuluzikulu m'magazini ino ankaimba yokha Natalia Goncharova, umene panthawi imeneyo unali kale kwambiri chidwi ndakatulo.

Popeza Pushkin anali anaziika chinsinsi, sakanachitira kudziŵitsa zochita zawo aliyense payekha Mfumu Nicholas Woyamba. Poyankha kalata ofuna kukwatirana ndi mfumu kudzera Benkendorf anapatsa "kukhutitsidwa wabwino," koma anati akufuna kupitiriza kuphunzitsa malangizo a ndakatulo a.

chinkhoswe

Mkwati ndi mkwatibwi ndi mayi tsogolo anapita ku munda Wonyezimira Factory kuti atchule mutu wa banja. A masiku angapo atakumana ndi bambo anali pachibwenzi Pushkin ndi Goncharova, koma ukwati anali kusiya kaye chifukwa cha zokambirana kwa malowolo lapansi.

Mayi apongozi zonse ankamenyana ndi mwana wake, mabwenzi ambiri ankaganiza kuti banja sichidzakutengerani malo, makamaka popeza imfa ya amalume wolemba ndakatulo - Basil L. - kukhale kovuta kuti akwatire wamng'ono mpaka mapeto a maliro.

Wolemba ndakatulo anali kupita Boldin ndipo anakhala kumeneko chifukwa cha mliri kolera. Pamaso pa ulendo, Iye anakangana ndi Mme Goncharova ndipo kenako iye kalata imene iye ananena kuti mwana wake angakhale omasuka kwathunthu, ngakhale kusakwatiwa palibe mkazi winayo. Poyankha, mkwatibwi anamutsimikizira chikondi chake, kuti anatontholetsa Pushkin.

Pambuyo zambiri ndikawapempha kwa malowolo February 18, 1831 achinyamata tinakwatirana mu kachisi wa Ascension waukulu umene unali pa Nikitsky Chipata.

lalifupi chimwemwe

Kenako, ambiri ankakayikira ngati Natalia Goncharova, Pushkin wokondedwa. Komabe, wolemba ndakatulo makalata anzanga pambuyo ukwati kuti ndi wamphamvu osangalala.

Poyamba, banjali anakakhala Moscow, koma kenako anasamukira ku Tsarskoye Selo, monga Alexander anayesera kumuteteza mkazi wake ku zochita za Tiffany.

Akufuna kukhala ndi moyo yekhayekha a ndakatulo iyi kuchoka m'kuwala kuteteza kufika mfumu, amene anaganiza kuti apfudze banja pabwalo kutali likulu, kumene kolera anali oopsa.

Nthawi ina nezi wake mu mkazi Park Pushkin mwangozi anakumana Nicholas Ine ndi mkazi wake. Mfumukazi anasonyeza ake ndikuyembekeza kuti ndakatulo ndi Natalia kukhala pafupipafupi alendo m'bwalo, ndipo anapangira tsiku, pamene mtsikanayu alipire ake kudzacheza.

Mu St. Petersburg

Atabwerera ku likulu Natalya Nikolaevna Pushkina, amene tsoka panthawi imeneyo palibe aliyense kudodometsa, izo bwino analandira anthu mkulu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ambiri taonera kuzizira ake ndi kudziletsa, amene amati ndi manyazi zachilengedwe ya mtsikana.

May 19, 1832 mu banja la Pushkin mwana woyamba anabadwa - wamkazi Mary, ndipo patatha chaka anapereka Natalia mwamuna mwana Alexander.

Moyo likulu anafuna ndalama yapamwamba ndi kuonjezera banja nthawi zonse mu zochitika straitened. Komanso, Pushkin anakonda njuga, ndipo zambiri kusiyana ndi khadi tebulo malipilo awo, amene ali kale sadzachitanso zokwanira kulipirira nyumba ya.

zinthu zinasintha penapake pamene Natalia anasamukira wosakwatiwa mlongo wamkulu. Iwo kulipira mbali ya mtengo wa lendi nyumba ya ndalama zake. Makamaka, Ekaterina Goncharova anafika malo ulemu Mfumukazi, ndipo analandira malipiro abwino.

Ankadziwa Dantes

Pushkin kusankhidwa malo njonda ya chipinda chogona, amene Choncho ankaona mwano, koma anakakamizika kuvomereza, akusonyeza pamaso pa mkazi wake ndi zochitika zonse chikhalidwe unachitikira ku nyumba yachifumu. Pa limodzi la madyerero awa, ndipo panali msonkhano oopsa, omwe akunena za mbiri iliyonse Natali Goncharovoy, olembedwa a m'nthawi yake, zaka zambiri.

Choncho, mu 1835 mkazi wa A. S. Pushkina anakumana womulera mwana wa kazembe Dutch mu Russia - Guardsman Georges Dantes. Malinga ndi zosiyana, kukumana ndi kapitawo wokongola mu kuwala konse panali miseche kugwirizana aliyense, yonyozana Natalya Nikolaevna, kuti aliyense kuti iye Nicholas osayanjanitsika yekha woyamba.

Zhorzh Dantes sanabise kuti chikondi ndi Goncharov, ndipo sanazengereze kuna axamwali wanu zimene ikufuna kenako kupambana mtima wake. Iye ngakhale anakopa womdziwa awo wamba Idalia Poletika kuitana Natalia Nikolaevna kwawo ndi kwina yekha pansi napemphera monyenga, kuti, pamene adakhala pa yekha ndi wokondedwa, akhoza azimukonda iye. Ofufuza za msonkhano amenewa unachitikira ndipo icho chinali chimodzi mwa zifukwa kudakali kuitana Pushkin Kanali kosangalatsa France.

Duel ndi imfa ya mwamuna kapena mkazi woyamba

Mu kugwa kwa 1836, ubale Natalia Nikolaevna ndi Dantes mphekesera ali onse St. Petersburg, ndi pa November 4, Pushkin ndi anzake anapatsidwa lampoon anonymous, imene ndakatulo kupereka dipuloma cuckold. mwamuna nsanje anagwa anakwiya kwambiri ndipo anatumiza vuto Dantes. Iye anali pa udindo pa m'chipindacho, ndi nyumba kokha Gekkern pakampanipo. Iye avomera mwana wake, koma ndinafunsa pochedwetsa a.

Atadziwa za cholinga kuteteza ulemu wa Pushkin, Mfalansa wawanyengerera Ekaterina Goncharova. Odala mtsikana, nthawi yayitali mu chikondi ndi msilikali wokongola, osati anapereka chilolezo, koma ndi Natalya Nikolaevna ndi achibale ena adayesetsa wolemba ndakatulo kuti Dantes anakumana ndi Goncharov, kuti muyandikire kwa iye.

Pushkin sindikadakhoza kumuwombera ndi mkwatibwi mlongo-kotero anachoka kuitanako. Komabe, atakwatirana Dantes ndi Catherine mphekesera zokhudza zinthu zake ndi Goncharova wamng'ono anapitiriza.

January 23 pa mpira wa ku France anasonyeza mosaganizira poyerekezera Pushkin. Popeza atatsala pang'ono Alexander analonjeza mfumu salinso chifukwa duel Dantes, iye analemba kalata lakuthwa Heeckeren. Anakakamizika kuyankha kumavuta, koma iye sakanakhoza kulimbana ndi Pushkin chifukwa cha udindo wake zamtendere, choncho m'malo mwa mwana atsopano.

Palibe chingalepheretse mavutowa, ndipo pa January 27 pa Black Mtsinje anakumana kuphana wolemba ndakatulo kwambiri ndi Wonyoza wake. Chifukwa cha mpirawo Dantes Pushkin iye anavulazidwa ndipo anafa patatha masiku awiri.

umasiye

Mfumu Nicholas Ine mbamphedza banja la Pushkin. Iye ananena kuti ndalama kulipira ngongole zake, wasankha wopuma pantchito wamasiye ndi aakazi, ndi ana analemba kuti masamba ndi kutulutsidwa amanena poti iwo adzalandira malipiro.

Natalia panalibe chifukwa kukhala mu St. Petersburg, ndipo anapita limodzi ndi ana Factory nsalu. Back mu likulu, iye anatsogolera chete moyo wa mayi chitsanzo chabwino ndi wachikondi, ndipo anayamba kuoneka pa bwalo zaka 6 zokha pambuyo pa imfa ya mwamuna kapena mkazi.

ukwati yachiwiri

M'nyengo yozizira 1844 mkazi wamasiye wa Pushkin anakumana ndi bwenzi wa m'bale wake, Major General Petrom Lanskim, amene moyo wake wonse ku utumiki wa dziko ndipo sikunali mu zaka 45 ali sanakwatire. Patapita miyezi ingapo iye anapanga lonjezo limenelo, ndipo posakhalitsa Pushkin Natalia Goncharova anakhala mbuye Lanskaya-zonse mu nyumba yake.

Mu banja anabereka ana atatu ndipo anali osangalala, ngakhale amatchuka kuti ubwenzi wake ndi mwamuna wake wachiwiri palibe chilakolako kuti m'malo mwa "kumverera ndi zowawa za chikondi."

Natalia Goncharova, Pushkin Lanskaya anafa 1863 pa msinkhu wa zaka 51. Iye anaikidwa Alexander Nevsky Lavra, ndipo ndi zaka 14 pafupi kwa iye anapeza malo okhalamo ake otsiriza, ndi mkazi wachiwiri. Manda Kodi kukopa chidwi cha anthu amene sakudziwa mbiri ya mkazi, monga tombstone anatchula dzina imodzi yokha - Lanskaya.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa lapadera yonena waukulu imasonkhezera wamkulu Russian ndakatulo. Malinga ndi Maulendo a m'nthawi, zithunzi za Natalia Goncharova, Pushkin Lansky wofu- inkling cha kukongola kwake wangwiro. Komabe, iye sanali wosangalala ake.