Komwe ankakhala Ermak banja? Kodi iye anaposa Ermak?

Yogonjetsa dziko la Siberia ndi Yermak - limenelo ndi khalidwe lomwe ukulu angayerekezedwe yekha ndi kugonjetsa America ndi Hernan Cortés. Komabe, ngati wotchuka Spanish Spain, mungapeze zambiri mbiri za moyo wa mtsogoleri Russian Kodi mukudziwa zina, ndipo ndi maganizo ndithu.

adzabadwira Ermak

Monga amadziwika, anagonjetsa Siberia anali mu zaka zana la 16. Mwatsoka, pa nthawi chochitika monga khanda mu banja wamba, nthawi sanapezeke aliyense chinyezimiro zopelekedwa. N'zosadabwitsa kuti lero ndi kosatheka kupereka yankho lachindunji la funso kuti: "Kodi moyo Ermak banja pa nthawi ya kubadwa?" Mfundo pa nkhani iyi ndi nkhani Cherepanovsky, limene limafotokoza mmene tsogolo mtsogoleri agogo anathandiza "anthu wolimba" Murom, amene anali m'ndende, ndipo banja lake anakakhala zigawo Stroganoff. Komabe, akatswiri ambiri amakana kukhulupirira mipukutu, makamaka popeza zikuoneka Olemba ndi coachman woyenera kwa Tobolsk Ilya Cherepanov. chikalata china - "The nthano za Siberia Land" - malo pamene Banja moyo Ermak yaitali asanabadwe, limasonyeza Suzdal. Komanso, m'masiku a adalemba kuti agogo ake ndi ana ake, amene dzina lake Timoteo, anasamukira Yuryevets-Povolsky, kumene iye anali zidzukulu zisanu, kuphatikizapo Basil. Monga tanenera mu "Bakuman", ndi mnyamata lino anali kukhala kudzagonjetsa Siberia.

Pomeranian Baibulo za chiyambi cha Ataman

Akatswiri ena amaganiza kuti funso pamene Banja moyo Ermak, ayenera anayankha kuti: "mudzi wa Borok Arkhangelsk Region". Pakuti Baibulo kwa dzina mtsogoleri lenileni linali Ermolai kapena Yermil, ndipo ali ku Volga, kuyesera kuti athawe njala kuti wokhawokha Russian North. Pali mnyamata analowa "chury" (mtumiki squire) achikulire Cossack, ndi kuchokera 1563 anayamba kupita msasa.

Moyo pamaso Ermak Siberia maulendo

The zokhudza uthenga okhudza mbiri mtsogoleri pamaso maonekedwe ake pa maiko Stroganov - ndi kukumbukira anzake Cossacks. Makamaka, anamenyela awiri amanena kuti anathera unyamata wawo utumiki wa Volga m'midzi pansi kudzagonjetsa Siberia. Motero, funso kumene ankakhala Ermak za 1565, akhoza adayankha, kuti iye anali mu dera Volga ndiponso anali mtsogoleri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale kuti zosachepera zaka 20. Zambiri zokhudza anamanganso mmikono anasunga Ermak. Mwachitsanzo, kalata yochokera ku Commandant wa mzinda Chilituyaniya wa Mogilev Mfumu Stefan Batory mukhoza kuona kuti nawo ku Livonia nkhondo monga Cossack msilikali ndipo adadziwa pa Kuzinga linga la Mogilev. Kenako, gulu kunathandiza Khvorostinin kusiya ukulu wa asilikali a Sweden. Koma ngati mkazi ndi ana a Ermak alipodi ndiye palibe kutchula kwa iwo sakupezeka kwina kulikonse.

Ermak Stroganoff

Mu 1582, malonda otchuka Stroganov anaitanidwa ku msonkhano wa Cossack brigade, wopangidwa mwa Cossacks 540. mtsogoleri wawo anali mtsogoleri Ermak, amene ngakhale ndiye anali kutchuka monga wankhondo ndi mopanda mantha ndi mkulu kwambiri. Cholinga cha Stroganoff chinali kuteteza m'mayiko awo kuukira pafupipafupi asilikali wa ku Siberia Khan Kuchum. Asilikali anafika ku midzi Chusovskye m'chilimwe 1582 ndipo anakhala kumeneko mpaka September, ndiyeno anapita nkhondo lamba mwala, mu masiku amenewo anatchedwa mapiri a Ural. Pali timva kuti Stroganoff "anali anatsegula chitseko kwa asilikali nkhokwe zawo," ndipo anawapatsa zonse zofunika kuti kukwera ndi.

Yogonjetsa dziko la Siberia

Monga wolandira galimoto Ermak Struga ntchito. Cossacks onse anali 80 sitima anapita kwa kukwera kwa anthu 840 ochokera m'mayiko osiyana. Pambuyo kuwuka mwa madzi pochitika Tagil, Ermak anakakamizika kokani pamodzi pansi Struga Zheravlya anakokera ku mtsinje ndiye kuti Tobol, pa gombe la Nkhondo anatenga malo sera Siberia Khan Kuchum. Popeza anapambana nkhondo, ndi Cossacks analanda mzinda Kashlyk. Ndiye kugwadira Ermak anayamba kufika oimira anthu ameneŵa, zomwe Ataman "anakumana lofewa" ndi kukakamizidwa kuti alumbire kuti azimvera ndi tsar Russian. Mu 1582 anam'tumiza Ivanu Groznomu mmodzi wa anzawo ndi uthenga wabwino wa anagonjetsa Siberia. Mfumu anasangalala ndi nkhani komanso anatumiza Yermak mphatso olemera ndi 300 asilikali kuwapulumutsa. Detachment anafika ku Siberia mu chaka cha 1583. Komabe, ndi nthawi iyi mwayi anachoka kwa mtsogoleri, ambiri a asilikali ake anaphedwa mu nkhondo ndi Chitata.

Kodi anamira Ermak: kuti anauza Cossacks

Pa nthawi ya imfa yake, mtsogoleri wotchuka anali kale amamudziwa munthu, choncho patatha zaka zochepa nkhondo yomaliza ndi asilikali a Cossacks Kuchum mwa dongosolo la Bishopu wamkulu wa Tobolsk Kipriyano anali ankafufuza ndi amakayikira kupulumuka likamanena Ermak. Komanso, kupereka umboni ndi Chitata anamenya nawo magulu ankhondo a khan.

Ngati inu kuphatikiza mfundo zonse kuperekedwa ndi okha, chithunzi izi zikuwonekeratu: nkhondo yomaliza zinachitika mu Vagayskoy pommel kumene Cossacks msasa. Iwo anaika palatki- "nsalu" m'mphepete mwa Irtysh Mtsinje, Suli kutali ndi makasu awo, umene aliyense wankhondo nawo malo yake ndi mmodzi wowongolera ake. Usiku umenewo, namondwe itayamba, choncho detachment Kuchum anakwanitsa kudabwa iwo. Ngakhale ochuluka a Cossacks akanakhoza kukhala pa zombo zawo ndi kupalasa. kutsutsana Komanso kuyamba magwero olembedwa. Makamaka, chikalata ina, zinalembedwa m'mawu a opulumuka anamenyela asilikali Ermak, anasonyeza kuti iwo adzanyazitsa yekha monga mtsogoleri ndi anaponya ochepa ka abwenzi, ndipo okha anachoka nkhondo pa Strugi. Ndithu zina zopezeka m'mabukhu sinodialnoy kuti dikoni mochedwa, ndipo apo mukhoza kuwerenga za kuti Cossacks onse anatenga imfa Ermak, ndipo mmodzi yekha wa iwo anathawa analankhula za kugonjetsedwa kwa detachment lapansi.

Ermak imfa ndi mawu a Chitata

Chinthu chidwi kwambiri kuti mudziwe za mtsogoleri anamwalira mafunde pa Irtysh Vagayskoy mauta imapezeka mu kujambula zopangidwa kuchokera mawu a Chitata. Makamaka, asilikali ambiri akale Khan Kuchum ankanena kuti Ermak akadali anagonjetsa nkhondo ndi kuyesa kupeza yopita Cossack zombo kumira. Pankhaniyi, palibe timva yosonyeza ngati kuti ochuka pa Ataman zida.

Nthano kudzagonjetsa Siberia

Monga moyo ndi imfa ya mtsogoleri wamkulu wa m'zaka za m'mbuyomo kuthi kwambiri mfundo zabodza. Mwachitsanzo, mmodzi wa nthano atchulidwawa Letsani mkazi Ermak. Monga tanenera mu Cossack miyambo ina Chitata Murza Sargachskoy parishi, pofuna kupeza mabwenzi a Ermak, napita naye kwa msasa wa mwana wake wamkazi wokongola, ndipo anapempha kuti akhale mkazi wake. Komabe Ataman ukakana ndipo anatumiza kwawo. Komanso, aliyense amadziwa nkhani ya unyolo mail, amati anapereka Ermaku Ivan m'khutu nakhala chifukwa cha imfa ya ngwazi ya. Malinga ndi olemba mbiri ena, ngakhale mtsogoleri anali pansi pa za Irtysh Mtsinje chifukwa zida katundu, iwo sakanakhoza kukhala mphatso ya mfumu.

History - buku limene simudzakhalanso olembedwa kumapeto. Komanso ali zambiri masamba woyera kuti angathe kutidzaza wofufuza mosamala. Iwo kuti tsiku amatha kupeza kumene banja moyo Ermak, kaya adzatha amatiuza mfundo zina zambiri zosangalatsa za chizindikiro cha ngwazi dziko la Russia, amene anapambana pa Mama expanses ambirimbiri Siberia.