Ndani mmodzi wowongolera kwambiri?

Leafing magazini akale a periodicals Union angapezeke mawu oti "mmodzi wowongolera chachikulu". Mufufuze chimene chimatanthauza, nkhaniyi ikuthandizani.

prehistory

Kwa nthawi yoyamba mawu amenewa akupezeka m'mabuku wachikhristu. Makamaka, Ioann Zlatoust, amene ankakhala kumapeto kwa zaka za 4-5, mu buku lake "Kukambirana pa Bukhu la Genesis," amatchedwa Great mmodzi wowongolera a Wam'mwambamwamba, ndipo ngalawa wake - Mpingo.

Mawu "woyendetsa", ndi mu Chirasha ndi chachikale chinkawavuta kuyendetsa sitima zapamadzi akuti logwirizana ndi chikhulupiriro chamakono cha "Utsogoleri."

Iosif Stalin

Mu September 1934, mawu akuti "mmodzi wowongolera lalikulu" anagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi la ndemanga za akonzi a nyuzipepala "Pravda". Nkhaniyi zoyenera kusintha a kumpoto kwa Nyanja Route Chombo "Fyodor Litke" kwa Vladivostok kuti Murmansk. Mu pepala ili, oyendetsa anapatsidwa uthengawo chotengera yomwe anati: ". Chigonjetso anapambana ... zikomo ... ndodo, kuti agwire ntchito pa maziko a ... ... ... malangizo Great mmodzi wowongolera Comrade Stalin" Kugwiritsa ntchito udindo motsutsana Iosifa Vissarionovicha chilengedwe oyendetsa yilungamitsidwa kwathunthu, monga izo zinali mu nyimbo ndi ntchito yawo.

Pa nthawi yomweyo amuna nkomwe ankadziwa lonena Ioanna Zlatousta ndi anaitanapo Stalin ndi epithet, umene uli wotchuka Byzantine wazamulungu ntchito kutchula Mulungu.

Chirichonse chomwe icho chinali, mawu oti "mmodzi wowongolera lalikulu" chosasunthika utolankhani Soviet ndipo zonse kukomana mu masamba a manyuzipepala ndi magazini. Kuyambira pamenepo, izo asamuka mu lotanthauzira mawu a ntchito za chipani, amene anayamba mwakhama ntchito, kuyankhula mu congresses nthandala ndi misonkhano.

Chinese mmodzi wowongolera Mao Tszedun

Cha m'ma 40 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo, China anayamba kuumba umunthu mpatuko wa mtsogoleri wa Chinese Communist Party. Pa nthawi yomweyo, amalimbikitsa kuderali anatengera ku Soviet anzawo udindo wa "Great mmodzi wowongolera" ndipo anayamba ntchito poyerekezera Mao Zedong.

zaka wamng'ono

Great mmodzi wowongolera a China - Mao Tszedun - anabadwa mu 1893. Iye ali wokongola wamakhalidwe pa maphunzilo ndi zaka wophunzira Beijing anakumana ndi Marxists m'deralo. Mu 1920, iye potsiriza anagwirizana maganizo awo andale ndi chikominisi. Patapita chaka chimodzi, Mao anali mmodzi wa gulu Constituent Congress ya Chinese Communist Party.

Njira pamwamba

Mu 1928, Mao Tszedun amalenga amphamvu Soviet Republic kumadzulo a chigawo Jiangxi. Kenako, mu chaka cha 1931, chifukwa cha zochita yogwira wa chikominisi m'maboma 10 m'chigawo chapakati cha dziko ali pansi pa ulamuliro wa Chinese Red Army ndi zigaŵenga zankhondo. N'zotheka kulenga boma latsopano kumeneko. Iwo anali kudziŵika kuti Chinese Republic Soviet, kutsogozedwa ndi Bungwe la Commissars Anthu ali Mao Zedong. Iye anatenga mbali nkhondo odana ndi Japanese, ndipo iye anali wokhoza kutulutsa Gomindanskoe ndiwofatsa boma, chodetsa mapeto a Civil nkhondo.

October 1, 1949 Tiananmen Mao Tszedun analengeza mapangidwe a PRC ndi likulu lake ku Beijing. Iye yekha ndiye wapampando wa boma latsopano boma.

China pansi Mao

Mu zaka zoyambilira za China ndi mmodzi wowongolera Wamkulu ziyembekezo kwambiri chithandizo cha ndalama ndi luso la Soviet Union ndiponso m'njira zambiri atsanzira mitundu mtsogoleri Iosifu Stalinu.

Mu nthawi kuchokera 1950 mpaka 1956, Mao pang'onopang'ono anakhala kusintha agrarian amene ankaganiza kuti vuto la chakudya chokwanira cha dziko. Komabe, mu 1957-1958 mavuto azachuma kunabuka China. Ndiye Zedong kuika patsogolo pulogalamu linkadziwika kuti "adzatumpha kwambiri kutsogolo". Iye anatumiza yaikulu ntchito mphamvu madamu yokumba, komanso chilengedwe cha selhozkommun ndi mabizinezi m'mafakitale kumidzi Chinese.

Great mmodzi wowongolera: Njala

Mu 1958, Mao Tszedun inaika lamulo mwankhanza kuwononga mpheta onse, chifukwa ine ndimaganiza kuti iwo n'kumamujompha mwendo pa munda wa tirigu, ndi "anayima mu njira ya chitukuko chuma China."

Kukwaniritsa ntchito imene ndi mmodzi wowongolera kwambiri, ankamenya kwa anthu zikwizikwi. Iwo inkaweyulidwa mbendera nampanda ng'oma kuopsyezera kutali mbalame ku ndegeyo. The mbalame osauka zouluka yaitali, moti amakhala wotopa, koma sanafe kutopa. Chifukwa, China wagwa zikuchepa, chiwerengero chawo, ndi m'madera ena a mpheta mbisoweka palimodzi.

Mu miyezi ingapo pambuyo chiyambi cha ntchito yochotsa mpheta ndi tizirombo tina pang'ono kuwonjezeka mbewu zokolola chinalembedwa, koma pambuyo chiyambi cha nkhondo ya dzombe, amene pakutayika mdani wake waukulu, zimaŵetedwa kwambiri. Zotsatira zake zinali njala yoopsa, izo zinalembedwa zikwi milandu kudya.

Anakakamizika mwamsanga kukonza vuto la China kugula mbewu kunja, ndi mpheta "wakhululukidwa" ndipo ngakhale akukakamizika kugula mbalame zimenezi kuchokera kunja.

Kukwera chikhalidwe

Monga mungayembekezere, "Great Sangalalani Forward" Mao pang'ono analephera, ndipo amayenera kusintha "Yenan Model" pa zolimbikitsa payekha. kuchoka zimenezi ku mfundo zake sanali mtsogoleri wa chikominisi Chinese. Pa nthawi yomweyo mu 1960 oyambirira, mmodzi wowongolera Wamkulu anali akuda nkhawa za mumaganiza mu chuma ndi ndale ku China. Komanso, iye anakhulupirira kuti CCP yokha likupitirirabe ndiwofatsa, ndipo mumtima mwake atagonjetsa revisionism.

Kusambira pamodzi Mtsinje Yangtze

Mao Tszedun anali umunthu kwapadera m'zonse. Mwachitsanzo, iye ankakonda kupanga heats mitsinje Chinese. Pa nthawi yomweyo, anthu ochuluka a osankhika chigamulo sanathe kudzitama yemweyo kwambiri masewera mawonekedwe ngati mtsogoleri wawo, osati popanda tsoka. Makamaka, pamene Wamkulu mmodzi wowongolera anawoloka Yangtze mtsinje mu 1966, pa msinkhu wa zaka 73, pafupifupi atchuke dziko, anamira mkulu wa Guangzhou usilikali Region, ndipo mmodzi wa atsogoleri a chipani pa gombe analumidwa ndi njoka. Cholinga cha chochitika kwambiri kulengeza zinkasonyeza kuti Tcheyamani Mao adakali mphamvu zakutha kulimbana ndi adani onse a Cultural utasintha.

m'zaka zaposachedwapa

Pakuti "kuchira" wa Party Communist, watenga angapo masitepe. mnyamata ntchito wamba maziko, amene anali kulimbana ndi anthu amene adasokera njira ya chikominisi - Makamaka, magulu "alonda Red" amagwiritsidwa. Mao analinso Mlengi wa zikuluzikulu kupondereza kuwawa ndi anthu mamiliyoni ambiri akhala.

"Cultural utasintha" inatha mu 1968. Chimodzi mwa zifukwa Mao anakhala mantha nkhondo Soviet a China, mothandizidwa ndi zochitika mu Czechoslovakia.

Great mmodzi wowongolera Mao analamula kuti disband asilikali a Red alonda ndipo analangiza asilikali kulamulira zinthu pa dziko.

Mu nthawi kuchokera 1969 mpaka 1970 Zedong anayesa kuti abwezeretse linasweka Communist Party. Ndi nthawi thanzi lake kale kwambiri kuchichepetsa. Ngakhale, iye ayesera njira iliyonse kuti kaonedwe pakati pa magulu chipani, kuyesera kupewa kugawanika.

Mao anamwalira pa September 9, 1976 pambuyo 2 kuukira aakulu mtima, moyo 83 zapitazi. Pa maliro ake zinali zoposa wani miliyoni.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa munthu pa magawo osiyanasiyana a mbiri wotchedwa epithet choyambirira - Wamkulu mmodzi wowongolera. Mao Tszedun ndi Stalin ankatchedwa kwa zaka zambiri ndipo anatsogolera zombo za States, inali kupita, kuti cholinga chake chachikulu - chikominisi. Ngakhale maziko a mfundo imeneyi anali malingaliro ofanana ndi fraternity, pafupi Christianity, atsogoleri a USSR ndi China, malinga ambiri mu dziko lathu, akhala akumanidwa chikondi ndipo anabweretsa kwambiri za kuvutika kwa anthu awo.