Garri Trumen - pulezidenti US. Wambiri, dziko chithunzi, mu ulamuliro wa mfundo yachilendo

Garri Trumen - pulezidenti US ndi tsogolo zachilendo. utsogoleri wake, anali kwenikweni mwachisawawa, ndi zochita maganizo, zina zomvetsa chisoni. Kuti Truman wovomerezeka ndi bomba la mizinda Japanese wa Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki ndi mabomba a atomiki. Komabe, pulezidenti 33th anakhulupirira kulondola mlandu, kukhulupirira kuti zinthu zambiri zoopsa mokwiya chakupulumutsa ambirimbiri ndi kuwerama mpaka kugonja Japan. Kenako anakhala Mlengi wa "Cold nkhondo" ndi la Soviet Union.

pulezidenti osatchuka

Truman - US Pulezidenti ndi mlingo wotsikitsitsa mu mbiriyakale. Mwa atsogoleri osatchuka American anabadwira ku Missouri waika ngati odana ndi umboni: mu December 1951,% 23 okha a ku America anaona kuti ndi ntchito zabwino. Ngakhale Richard Nixon pa milandu Watergate anali ndi mlingo wapamwamba - 24%.

Mu 1953, pamene iye anachoka malo ake,% 31 okha a anthu analemekeza ulamuliro wake, 56% - zoipa. Koma pano pali chododometsa: mu 1982 anachita kafukufuku pakati azambiriyakale, amene anali mtsogoleri wotchuka kwambiri wa mtundu wathu, ndi akatswiri anatenga Truman 8 malo mu mndandanda wa atsogoleri onse US.

Kuphunzira yachokera anasonyeza kuti Truman - Pulezidenti ndi khalidwe wamphamvu. Mu mavuto ndi wovuta iye sanali kumanga anzanga, ndipo ogwira ntchito, kupanga zosankha zawo, ngakhale iwo sanali otchuka. Zikumangidwa udindo, mu nkhani iyi konse ku njira osankhidwa. Choncho ndale osatchuka anauka kwa mlingo wa ngwazi American wowerengeka.

Truman, US pulezidenti: yonena

Truman yonena lili zina zapadera. Anabadwa mu banja la mlimi yaing'ono May 8, 1884. Iye sukulu mu wodzilamulira, Missouri. Pamodzi ndi mchimwene wake anayesa kuti akhale wonena banki, koma ndalama koleji sanali. Atate Katundu wake chifukwa cha nkhambakamwa mu msika mbewu.

Mtundu US pulezidenti Garri Trumena kulemberapo (limafotokoza mizu Ayuda), koma amadziwika kuti anali wokhulupirira moona, wa Baptisti ndipo nayenso anthu osema miyala. Kuyambira 1906 mpaka 1907, Harry, pamodzi ndi atate wake, ndi m'bale ntchito pa famu agogo. Mu 1914 bambo ake anamwalira, ndipo Truman yekha anathamanga munda. Iye anayambitsa kasinthasintha mbewu ndi kuswana ng'ombe, anakwanitsa. Ndipo komabe padera migodi nthaka-kutsogolera nawo chisokonezo mafuta.

Chiyambi cha zandale

Chidwi ndale pa Truman anadzuka m'zaka za unyamata wake. Ndi mliri wa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, analowa National Alonda kumenyana pa minda ya France. Mu April chaka cha 1919 iye masamba usilikali ndi udindo wa mkulu, nadzakwatira Elizabeth Fuhrman. Pamodzi ndi mnzawo akutsegula kogulitsa zovala zachimuna.

Vuto la 1921-1922 kuchichepetsa bizinesi pulezidenti wa m'tsogolo, Truman anachoka ndi madola 25 zikwi ngongole. Phunziro anaphunzira: bizinesi - osati kwa iye, ndipo Truman amakhala boma. Harry, ndemanga, anali wokamba zoopsa. tsogolo lake ndale anaona chiwerengero cha Democrats - Party nambala 1 mu South.

Young msilikali ankadziwa pa ndondomeko ndi kutifotokozera anathandiza kutsogolo-mzere comrades. Monga Jackson County woweruza, iye anali ndi udindo:

• msewuwo;
• amawononga madzi;
• ukapitawo okalamba;
• thandizo kwa anthu.

Kuyambira Kazembe kuti wotsatila mutsogoleli wadziko

Choncho tsogolo Truman - pulezidenti wa United States, amene zithunzi kukometsera tabloids a nthawi. Ndipo pamene Harry anali zingamuthandize, koma pang'ono odziwika ndale. Mogwira amalowerera County, bwino kuona kolowera chipani, kotero chipani kenako angamuthandize kukhala aphungu pambuyo pa chisankho cha mu 1934.

50 zaka Truman aphungu kuchokera kunyumba boma lake la Missouri anafika ku Washington. Iye ndi kutsatira za "New Kuchita" Roosevelt (pulezidenti wakale), kumatanthauza lawmaking. Woyamba zofunika ntchito - thandizo mu lamulo la ndege ali ikupita patsogolo. Ndiye aphungu amadziŵikitsa dzina la iyemwini, kuwulula machenjerero oletsedwa angapo a Mabwana Oyang'anira Ntchito ya sitima ya. Pambuyo kukonzanso phungu wanyumba yapamwamba mu 1940 zinachititsa komiti mwadzidzidzi, amene subordinated kuphunzira mapulogalamu zida moyenera.

Zochitika za Pearl Harbor ndi Anabweza mu nkhondo US linanena bungwe ili komiti kwa udindo woyamba. Harry anakhala wotchuka kuti mu 1944, Akuzigwira udindo wa wotsatila mutsogoleli wadziko. Ngakhale zili choncho, iye anayamba poyera kuti ochirikiza chifukwa chotenga US mu kusintha kwa mabungwe mayiko nkhondo itatha. Komabe, chododometsa kuti: monga wotsatila mutsogoleli Truman Kodi nawo misonkhano yausilikali, kungotchula Kudziwitsidwa kulengedwa kwa atomiki bomba Manhattan ntchito.

Pulezidenti ndi akufa. Long moyo pulezidenti!

Imfa ya Roosevelt pa April 12 1945 mumzinda wa basi (malinga ndi lamulo lalikhulu la dziko) zimapangitsa Harry mtsogoleri dziko. Kuyambira tsopano Truman - Pulezidenti. Mu ulamuliro: 12.04.1945- 01.20.1953. Nkhondo ku Ulaya yatsala pang'ono kutha, Union-American asapita sakuyenda chifukwa mavuto a kum'mawa kwa Ulaya. Komanso, Truman akupitiriza kutsatira ntchito andale ndi azachuma ya Roosevelt makonzedwe, ndiko Kulenga kwa:

• United Nations.
• IMF.
• Bank World.

Pulezidenti Truman, US: mfundo yachilendo

Garri Trumen ndi chidwi pa ubwenzi wabwino ndi Stalin, koma akufuna kupewa ndi mavuto ndi Churchill. Iye kukwiya ndi Polish-Soviet mapangano (poyamba Poland anali mu zone US wa chikoka), ankaona chikominisi Soviet boma apolisi, chosiyana Germany Hitler ndi Mussolini Italy.

Ndi chimodzi August, pamene pa bolodi cruiser "Augusta", antabira uthenga pa ntchito ku Hiroshima (Japan), woyamba atomiki bomba. Mwa njira, pa July 24, Pulezidenti adamnenera Stalin za chida latsopano Koma adakhala chete, kuti tikulankhula superbomb: "Ife apanga chida kwambiri mantha mu mbiri. Adzakhululukidwa ntchito ndi Japan. Goals - mipherezero asilikali, koma osati akazi ndi ana ".

tsoka nyukiliya

Truman - US pulezidenti kwa nthawi yoyamba amadzinenera kuti ayese zida za nyukiliya anthu. Ake akumenya khalidwe woopsa wa nkhondo ndi Japanese: a kufika kuukira Pearl Harbor, ulendo wakupha Akaidi ambiri amene amazunzidwa akaidi a nkhondo Philippines. Harry ankadziwa kuti nkhondo ya lalikulu Japanese chilumba cha anthu ophedwa ambiri ali mosalephera.

Pakuti Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki, izo mwankhanza kudzudzulidwa ndi kudzudzulidwa theka patapita zaka. Komabe, Truman ankakhulupirira kuti kuponya mabomba Japan anapulumutsa miyoyo ya masauzande asilikali American mamiliyoni Japanese amene adzaphedwa pa nkhondo ya dziko. Choncho, mu 1951, pamene General asilikaliyu anafuna kuti ntchito Korea mkangano zida za nyukiliya pulezidenti anakana.

Iye nthawizonse kuganiza za ntchito ya bomba, makamaka pamene China anagwirizana nkhondo kumbali ya Korea North. Harry anaona bomba chida ndale, omwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi Soviet Union, pamene kudzakhala za chitetezo US. Mwamwayi, nkhondoyo inatha parity wa makamu.

Dziko pambuyo pa nkhondo

Pambuyo nkhondo kugawikana kwa dziko ndi zosiyana ku ziyembekezo za osewera lalikulu: United States, USSR ndi Great Britain. Boma Soviet anakana kugwirizana ndi IMF ndi World Bank - mabungwe, amene, monga mwa akuluakulu US, adzakhala chapakati kuti ayambe zachuma padziko lonse.

Koma mu 1947, apo Cominform - padziko lonse chikominisi bungwe. USSR lili ndi lingaliro kusintha dziko. Kum'mawa kwa Ulaya ndi Balkans ndi China amapereka lingaliro. Truman azindikira kuti pali kugwirizana pakati pa bwino, maganizo kuzindikira tokha ndi kulowa chitetezo. Ngati azungu, kutopa nkhondo, sikuti chidaliro kuti Moscow adzatha zimakhudza anthu ambiri a democracies kumadzulo. nkhondo izi zakhala zikuluzikulu za ubale pakati pa mayiko awiri.

chiphunzitso Truman

Truman, pulezidenti US, anakhala mdani waukulu wa Stalin. containment limapezeka koyamba monga containment wapawiri wa USSR ndi Germany. Zimatengera kukhazikitsidwa kwa asilikali bwino padziko lonse la State ndi kukhazikitsidwa mu Japan ndi Europe, watsopano malo mphamvu motsutsana ndi lamulo la USSR.

Palibe wotsatira mapulezidenti US ndekuti chitukuko cha positi-nkhondo Ulaya Truman. 1947 anakhala chaka cha kubadwa kwa "chiphunzitso Truman". Congress kuteteza Party Communist mphamvu, Greece ndi Turkey amatithandiza kwambiri asilikali ndi zachuma.

United Kingdom ndi sanathenso kukana Soviet Union m'chigawo, ndi United States anayamba mphamvu yaikulu ya Mediterranean. Ndiye panali Plan Marshall, zimene zinabweretsa Ulaya kuchokera stagnation ndi kuthetsa chipwirikiti cha zamalonda. Democracies kumadzulo kwa Ulaya kuyandikira kwa mgwirizano chuma ndi ndale - chilengedwe cha NATO (1947 TH).

Monga "mpweya mlatho" Berlin, kukula NATO anasonyeza kuti mtsogoleri US ankadziwa mmene maganizo a zochita za ndale. Ngakhale apamwamba a, Harry amadziwa kuti US simuli okonzeka kuti ndi mbali ya "wapolisi dziko". mfundo Truman makonzedwe a mu 1950 - ndi mfundo makamaka zachuma containment wa expansionism Soviet. Kuti tichite zimenezi, kulowa chithandizo amgwirizano zachuma, ziletso, malonda liberalized ndi ndondomeko kusinthitsa ndalama. Mwachidule, mitsuko n'kotheka wa containment pamudzipo Soviet.

mfundo zoweta

N'zosadabwitsa, monga mwakhama mfundo yachilendo chimachititsanso limati okha pozindikira zoipa. Mavoti ES Harry Truman anakana bwinobwino. ndale Internal wa mbiri yakale nthawi zimaonetsa ngati "nkhondo mkati" pulezidenti panopa ndi alangizi owolowa manja asanayambe Pulezidenti Roosevelt. Mu 1946, Republican anapambana ambiri mipando mu Congress. The Democratic Party Inabuka mavuto. South osafuna kusintha sakhulupirira Truman mitundu ndale. maganizo a anthu ndi atolankhani "m'manda" pulezidenti panopa. Kusintha Berlin mavuto. Harry amapha kugawa mitundu asilikali, amakhulupirira anthu tagwirizana chilungamo. Komabe, Congress sanapange bwino dongosolo ake kusintha.

Truman sizinatero ubale ndi mabungwe a. Mavuto onse anawonjezera ndi mikangano mu kampani yopanga zitsulo. Harry analamula kusamutsa mphero zitsulo mu ntchito ya boma ku mapeto a mkangano. The Supreme Court analengeza kuti zosemphana ndi malamulo.

Maganizo ndi ndi kusankha Truman kulamulira lamanzere phiko otsutsa ndale, chifukwa mu kuletsa ufulu chizunzo maganizo wa chikominisi motsogozedwa Kazembe McCarthy. Kukhulupirika pulogalamu amakhalabe maganizo tsamba Truman utsogoleri.

Relations ndi Congress anali chishalo pulogalamu wake "Fair Kuchita". Mzindawu umayang'anira mitengo, ngongole, mankhwala mafakitale wolowa malipiro ndi rents. Ambiri Republican Congress Zaruba pulogalamu imeneyi. Kusagwirizana ndi Congress anakula pa Truman wa akuti yachiwiri pulezidenti. Republicans zimachitika imfa ndale ku China. Chifukwa cha pazifukwa zandale a Harry m'chaka cha 1952 ananena kuti akukana kutsatira asiya uphungu wake. Congress kale anavomereza enaake kwa Constitution Kuchepetsa utsogoleri kuti mawu awiri. Komabe, Truman si nkhawa, chifukwa iye anali pulezidenti wa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi chokha. Mu Maulendo Ake, analemba kuti: "Kukhala pulezidenti - kutanthauza kukhala wosungulumwa kwambiri." Anafa pulezidenti 33th wa Kansas City 12/26/1972, pa msinkhu wa zaka 88.