Gasi ndege: mmene ntchito, pamene anatulukira? Street nyali ndi Jets mpweya awiri

Mbiri ya zoyambitsidwa anthu kumayendera ndi chitukuko cha chitukuko cha munthu ndi makampani wonse. mbiri Zaka a magaleta okokedwa ndi akavalo ndi kuyatsa kandulo kwa ena zaka mazana atatu ali kusanduka mofulumira, kudutsa magawo ena wapakatikati. Mu zamoyo wa kuyatsa mu gawo ili pakati kulumikiza muuni wakale pamodzi ndi nyali Edison anakhala mpweya ndege. Panopa, iye ndi kuyanjana zolembalemba ndi zamunthawi ya Victoria England ndi Romagna. Nthawiyi, woyamba mpweya nyali anaonekera pa dziko lapansi.

Pamene anaonekera?

Gasi ndege alitcha kunayamba Filippu Lebonu - French injiniya ndi zachilengedwe. Mu 1790 iye ananyamula njira ya distillation nkhuni youma. Kusanthula m'miyoyo yawo, wasayansi wina anaponya mu galasi mtsuko ochepa tchipisi zouma nkhuni. Choncho Lebon allocated gasi, amene anatentha yowala lawi okhazikika, kutali yopambana kupezeka pa tsiku zipangizo kuyatsa.

Kwa nthawi yaitali, Philippe Lebon ntchito ndi mpweya watsopano, ndipo posakhalitsa setifiketi anapeza wake. Tsiku, pamene panali mpweya kwakusiyana (kumene, woyamba ndi wosazindikira), ndipo kuti anali wofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa kuyatsa mafuta. Koma pamaso oyamba a nyale latsopano mafakitale anakhala zaka pafupifupi.

mafakitale

Theka lachiwiri la m'zaka za m'ma XIX amakhala ngati mafakitale yojambula lonse sayansi. Longstanding Kutulukira - mpweya nyale - walandira moyo wachiwiri. Science tsopano anabwerera ndi maganizo ntchito kuyatsa mafuta.

Ganizo ntchito mpweya chifukwa akuyatsa misewu a English King George IV, ndipo pa nthawi imeneyo Prince of Wales. Woyamba mpweya ndege chimawalitsika mu nyumba yake Carlton House. Patapita zaka zingapo - mu 1807 - magetsi mpweya kunawalira Pall kumsika. Izi msewu British anali otanganidwa kwambiri ndi kufuna osatekeseka ulamuliro magalimoto kale mu masiku amenewo. Pall kumsika anali msewu yoyamba padziko lonse, amene chimawalitsika ndi mafuta.

Ngakhale gasi ndege chipangizo zinali zoopsa kwambiri - lita mpweya kusiya mapeto mosadziteteza wa chitoliro mpweya. Posachedwapa kuteteza burner inamangidwa zitsulo lampshade ndi mabowo angapo. Ndi 1819 kuti kuyatsa ku likulu la British chinaikidwa 288 miles mpweya chitoliro kuti amapereka mpweya zoposa zikwi. 50 Kuwala. London ananyamula kanthu ndi malo ena mafakitale. M'zaka khumi yotsatira, ambiri mwa mabwalo chapakati ndi m'misewu ya m'mizinda ikuluikulu European kale yokutidwa mpweya. magetsi chikukupatsani zopatsidwa kwa anthu ophunzitsidwa mwapadera - ndi lamplighter.

Izi wakale ndi wolemekezeka ntchito zinali zoopsa kwambiri - nyali zambiri chakumene, kuvulaza ena. Komabe, pofuna miyoyo yawo tsiku ndi tsiku anali ndithu kwambiri - lamplighters anadalitsidwa ku London Zachuma ndipo anali maganizo wabwino wa penshoni likhoza ngozi.

Dvurozhkovy nyali

Standard mpweya ndege wakhala zachilendo - izo bwinobwino ntchito kuunikira msewu usiku. Mu London, ngakhale nyali anakhazikitsidwa ndi Jets mpweya awiri. Icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa chifunga wandiweyani madzulo ndi usiku. Kuwala ndi mpweya mu nyali ichi umadutsa galasi wachikuda ndi lingafanane magalimoto malamulo Mtsogoleri, popanda imene magalimoto wotanganidwa wa ngolo ndi okwera kebov kuti kwathunthu kubwera amaima.

Monga mukuonera, losavuta dvurozhkovy nyali anali zinachitika wa magalimoto amakono. Nazo zinthu zonse kayendedwe mu masabata anayi. Koma ndiye nyali chakumene, ndi patachitika kuphulika anaphedwa wapolisi. Akuluakulu a British nyali likulu kuyesera dvurozhkovymi, anaganiza kuti asiye.

m'badwo wachiwiri

Kubadwanso kwa mpweya ndege anali mu 1886. Ndi njira yatsopano anali kunja osiyana ndi bwenzi lakale - nyali ya palafini. Company AUER kulemera anali okhala ndi chipangizo kuunikira, ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali, icho chinali kutchedwa "mlomo Auer".

Yotsatira siteji kuyatsa zipangizo chitukuko anali kuyambitsa, okhala mu 1890. Nyali Auer Von Welsbach anapereka dziko kuwala kochititsa khungu loyera, sapita poyerekeza aliyense ndi kuwala yokumba zakale. zotsatira kwambiri inaperekedwa chifukwa umuna wa incandescent ndi tosaoneka mpweya particles, omwe analipo mankhwala kuyaka ndi kuchedwa mu chotenthetsera gululi.

Ntchito luso kuchepetsa kufala kwa njira chikhalidwe kuyatsa nyumba: makandulo wapita ndi zowonetsera galasi kwa fireplaces, ndi kupanga nyali wotchuka mafuta anayamba kutha pang'ono. Chirichonse anatchula mfundo yakuti nthawi ya kuwala anasamukira ku gawo lina la chitukuko.

chitukuko Auer

Chifukwa setifiketi kapangidwe latsopano mpweya ndege mu 1892 anakhala okhawo wokwanira Auer. The setifiketi kwa mpweya ndege ya kapangidwe latsopano adzalola opanga bwinobwino kukhala maukonde ake oimira mu Old ndi New World, osati ndikuiwala ngodya akutali kwambiri a dziko lapansi. Auer akatswiri sanaleke kumeneko ndipo anapitiriza ntchito pa vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito katundu mpweya m'nyumba ndi zolinga mafakitale. Limodzi ndi kufala kwa kasamalidwe kuyatsa kampani kumvetsa vuto la magetsi. Ndi chifukwa kusamukira ku nthambi ina ya kampani wopyoza Boom magetsi ndi kukhala mmodzi wa akuluakulu kwambiri pa zomangamanga mdziko mpweya.

kuyatsa mafuta ndi magetsi

Kumayambiriro kwa XIX ndi XX zaka zambiri, gasi kuyatsa chinafala mizinda ya Chakale ndi Chatsopano wazolengedwa. Zinaoneka kuti tsiku limene anapanga nyanga gasi, kunasintha mu moyo wa anthu. Komabe, dzuwa inaimika gaslight wokongola msanga: m'malo mpweya lawi anafika woyamba zipangizo za magetsi kuyatsa. Choyamba, kusintha ndi msewu kuunikira, nyali mpweya ndi Kenako ankaiphwasula m'nyumba ndi boma. Panopa, magetsi zapamwamba mpweya nyengo Tingaone kokha m'mamyuziyamu zoyenera m'mbuyomu a mizinda ndiponso limanena kuti lakutali nyengo, Mwachitsanzo pa German zaumisiri Museum (Germany) kapena mu Museum wa Gaz de France (France).