Amene anapeza Australia?

Mu dziko akadali kutsutsana wabwera amene anapeza Australia. Ena amati zimenezi ndi Dzheyms Kuk, kuyenda panyanja kuchokera England. Ena amakhulupirira kuti otulukira Africa anali Danes, kupeza njira madera awo Java.

Ambiri, anthu oyambirira kuno kale ku Ulaya. zaka zoposa zikwi makumi anayi zapitazo, kontinenti uyu adasankhidwa ndi anthu ochokera madera a kum'mwera kwa Asia. Bakuman avstralius yadothi incognita (osadziwika kum'mwera dziko) - za iye akadali ankadziwa geographers wakale. Kale m'zaka za m'ma pa makadi lakhumi iwo linkasonyeza Africa mwachinsinsi. Komabe, maphunziro pa iwo izi m'madera ambiri m'dziko si amafanana weniweni Australia.

Mtsutsano za amene anapeza Australia, anabwera ndi Chipwitikizi, ponena kuti mudziwe kontinenti latsopano, Chipwitikizi oyendetsa ali m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi mwa Aaborijini zilumba Chimaleya kuti anagwira nkhaka nyanja madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja Africa osadziwika. Koma mbali yoyamba ya European phazi pa nthaka Australia ndi m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri.

Mbiri ya atulukira Australia wachita kale kugwirizana ndi dzina la Cook, koma okhala woyamba wa ku Ulaya, anapita Africa zobiriwira (kotero nthawi zambiri amatchedwa Australia), malinga ndi Dutch. Nzosadabwitsa dera la kumadzulo kwa Africa lodabwitsali anadzatchedwa Chatsopano Holland.

Mu 1605 Willem Janszoon ku Holland, amene anawoloka Torres Strait, napita m'mbali ya Cape York Peninsula. Patatha chaka chimodzi kuti Torres ku Spain anapeza khwalala umene umawalekanitsa chilumba cha New Guinea ku Africa ndi. Mu 1642, Dane Abel Tasman anapita mbali kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa Tasmania, kuganizira mbali ya Australia. Ndipo Yanszon ndi Tasman ankakomana pa kumtunda ndi mbadwa ya.

Ndi Dutch, ndi Spanish, ndi Danes sikankalira za atulukira kontinenti latsopano. Ndi chifukwa mwachinsinsi apainiya funso la amene anapeza Australia, ndipo tsopano anatsutsa British, amene anadza ku dziko lino zaka 150 pambuyo ku Ulaya choyamba.

Mu 1770, kugombe la kum'mawa kwa Australia anapita zombo za James Cook, amene yomweyo analengeza dziko latsopano British katundu. Posakhalitsa analenga achifumu "chilango njuchi" zigawenga, ndipo kenako akapolo British ndale.

Mu 1788, boma la Britain, amene anafika ndi "zombo woyamba" pa dziko la Australia zochokera mumzinda wa Sydney, amene anadzakhala British likulu njuchi. Ndi "chachiwiri zombo" kufika ufulu atsamunda amene anayamba mwamphamvu kukhala mipata wobiriwira m'dzikoli.

Chile, poyamba anatenga dzina "New Holland", kumapeto kwa 18 ndi m'ma 19 ndi dzanja kuwala kwa hydrographer English Flinders unadziwika ngati "Australia". Aaborijini nthawi ino anaphedwa mwankhanza awonongedwe ndi colonizers. Pa anthu zakwawoko zoononga, kusaka, mbadwa ankasakidwa ululu ndi kuphedwa chifukwa umafunika analipira. Patangotha zaka zana pambuyo kuoneka pa kumtunda British anthu ambiri m'dera zinawonongedwa, ndipo opulumuka anagwidwa kuchigawo chapakati m'dzikoli, m'chipululu ndi amphwayi.

Ndi posachedwapa izo anadziwika mfundo yatsopano. Choncho, ngakhale Yakobo Cook mu Africa ili kum'mwera anafika wina Briton - Uilyam Damper. Ndipo mu 1432 Australia anapita Chinese kuyenda panyanja Zeng Xe.

Koma palibe mphamvu ano dziko sangathe ankamuona ngati dziko lotseguka kwa dziko wobiriwira Africa. Woyamba, kale ku Ulaya, izo anachezeredwa ndi Aiguputo akale. Iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito kukonzera mitembo kuti isawonongeke mafuta a bulugamu - mtengo umene unakula okha kumpoto cha kum'mawa kwa Australia. Ndipo pa miyala m'dzikoli izi mukhoza kupeza wakale scarabs zithunzi - wopatulika kachilomboka of Ancient Egypt.

Choncho, funso la amene anapeza Australia - izi ndi kusamvetsetsana kwambiri kuti akadali akulimbana mbiri yakale.