Anthu oyamba: malingaliro, mfundo, umboni

Funso lonena za chiyambi cha munthu ndi zikamera wa dziko la makolo athu akhala zaka zambiri, akhala m'modzi wa maganizo kwambiri. Anaonekera pakati pa XIX m'ma sayansi ya Darwin, chimene anthu oyambirira anali kanthu ngati makolo a anyani, osati mpaka pa dontho "Ine", koma kani, spawned yoweyula atsopano a mafunso ndi kukayikira.

Pamaso mafunso pamene woyamba anaonekera pa anthu Earth ayenera bwino chimatanthauza amene ayenera kuonedwa ngati mphatso anthu, koma munthu - yekha nkhwere. Ponena za makhalidwe amenewa nthawi zinayambira zokambirana zambiri, koma asayansi ambiri amavomereza kuti mtundu Homo ndi hominids onse, ubongo ali ndi mphamvu 600 masentimita kiyubiki. Pankhaniyi, anthu oyamba mu dziko - wotchuka Homo habilis, zotsalira za zapakati zigawo za mamiliyoni awiri ndi theka zapitazo.

Ndi nthawi imeneyi Maonekedwe loyamba zida mwala, omwe ankafuna mgwirizano kayendedwe ndi kuyang'aniridwa woyenera pa ntchito ya manja ndi zala. Palibe nyani ubongo zomwe, poyamba, si upambana 400 masentimita kiyubiki, ntchitoyo sangathe.

Komabe, ngati ife monga maziko chakuti anthu oyambirira - izo Homo habilis, ndiye amene kholo lawo mwachindunji? Malinga ndi malipoti a posachedwapa, ali awiri miyendo African nyani, amene anali mmodzi wa mitundu ya Australopithecus.

Ngakhale kuti ambiri deta awo anatomical wa nkhwere awiri miyendo pafupi anyani ano ndi anyani, iwo anali a m'banja lapadera, wakuti omwe - kuyenda ndi ntchito za miyendo yakumbuyo kokha - yaikulu kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono kukula kwa ubongo ndi kusanduka awo kwa Homo sapiens.

Anthu oyamba - Homo habilis - musakhale yemweyo: kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono kukula kwa ubongo kwachititsa kuti chitukuko koposa zatsopano akhala kufikako kwathunthu makolo awo anthropoid. Choncho, zitatha zaka mazana zikwi zisanu ndi ziwiri pambuyo oyamba zake, "imathandiza munthu" anali m'malo ndi "Homo erectus" - a Homo erectus. Zilombozi kusanduka mbali ya ubongo, imene zinali zotheka kukonza zochita zawo zina, komanso zida zimenezo, kenako anafunika kulengedwa. Makamaka, zipangizo mwala kukhala osangalala ndi zinchito: adayamba wakuthwa mbali zonse ndi kutenga maonekedwe a canine lapansi.

Woyamba anthu amakono anaonekera padziko lapansi za zikwi makumi anayi zapitazo. Kwakukulu kuchuluka poyerekeza ndi chimodzimodzi habilis kapena erectus ubongo walola osati kuti adziwe mitundu zonse zoyambirira za ntchito zamanja, komanso anali ngati maziko zikamera wa psyche ndi maganizo, zinaonekera opezeka strata wachokera ku nthawi iyi, zojambula woyamba ndi zoimbira.

Anthu oyambirira a zikamera awo ndi chitukuko ndi chinsinsi, ndi chidwi chimene zokha nthawi zonse. Zikamera wa zosiyanasiyana Mabaibulo - kuchokera pa chiyambi cha Mulungu kubwera kwa alendo - waika asayansi vuto lopeza zotsalira watsopano wa anthu ndi kuwabweretsa kufotokoza njira ndi njira za m'minda osiyana chidziwitso.