Imelda Marcos: yonena ndi chithunzi

Mulungu wa chilungamo Themis anaganiza zimasonyeza ndi bandeji pa maso ake, koma pamene iye kuti alowe mu njira Mipikisano biliyoni dollar kuba, nthawi zambiri imakhudzana ndi dzanja. choonadi ichi ndi nzeru zonse kutsimikiziridwa Imelda Romualdez Marcos ─ wamasiye wopondereza mochedwa wa Philippines. Iye ndi mochedwa mwamuna wake Ferdinand anali kunenedwa kugwiritsa osachepera $ biliyoni 10, kulanda mwachinyengo ndi kuzemba misonkho. Malinga ndi malamulo US, amene ankanena kumva, Imelda akufuna zaka 50 m'ndende, koma nawonso m'bwalo la iye anali anandipeza kuti ndilibe mlandu pa udindo onse.

mwana wosadziletsa bambo

Kale kukhala mu chiwembu mu 1986 ku Philippines Pulezidenti Ferdinand Marcos ndi mkazi wake wotanganidwa angapo posts kiyi boma, zinakakamizika kuthaŵa dziko, pansi pa lamulo loletsa anabwera pa buku lolembedwa ndi mtolankhani Carmen Pedroza - "The nkhani amadziwikanso Imelda Marcos" .

Mlembi ali ndithu mosadziwa anakhudza nkhani yovuta, ndicho mwana, amene ali mkazi wa pulezidenti unachitikira ku nyumba makolo ake, anthu, ngakhale wosauka, koma nthawi aziwapatsa nthawi yoti miseche ambiri. Ngakhale kuti bambo ake Vicente Orestes a m'banja otchuka Chifilipino anthu ake unachitikira apamwamba pa anthu, iye anali ndi mbiri zoipa kwambiri monga woledzera zachizoloŵezi ndi spender. Ichi chinali dona woyamba sanalole aliyense kukumbukira.

Atamwalira mkazi wake woyamba sindikanakhoza kupirira ndi zoipa zonse ndi manyazi, bambo anafulumira kukwatira wamng'ono kwambiri mtsikana wa sikisitini, anakhala mayi wa ana asanu, akulu amene anali Imelda Marcos, wobadwa July 2, 1929. Kukula, nthawi zambiri ankagona garaja pothawa uko ku outrages kuti zikachuluka kunyumba. Pa masamba awa, ali mwana ndipo anagona taboos.

Kukongola loyamba la Philippines

Tsoka ali wachisomo kwambiri kwa iye, mowolowa manja popatsa kukongola, luso loimba, nzeru komanso, Chofunika, indetu chitsulo opirira. Makhalidwe onse awa asiya mtsikana kukhala pambuyo pake nthano, angakaphe maganizo a m'nthawi yake chuma chake chosaneneka, gwero la upandu amene anapereka yekha pamaso pa mafani kwa piquancy ena.

Mayi Imelda, komanso mkazi woyamba wa bambo ake wosadziletsa zapita oyambirira, koma chifukwa cha chisamaliro mwana wake akadali anakwanitsa maphunziro a ukachenjede mumzinda wa Tacloban, ndi digiri yoyamba. The wabwino wa Imelda ndi chiyambi cha pantchito yabwino anali kuwina pa waya mu 1948 kukongola Mpikisanowo kumene anapata mutu "Abiti Philippines".

Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, chisomo cha kukongola wamng'ono akwaniritsa andale ambiri otchuka ndi amalonda, koma iye anadziwa mtengo wake ndipo monga player woona, wapatali kwa nthawi yaitali khadi lake lipenga ─ unamwali, imene Catholic Manila wofunika kuposa chilichonse. Anadzazidwa ndi kuziyeneleza kwambiri zosaneneka, Imelda akhadikhira munthu kuchita si mlendo ndi Hostess lowoneka chuma cha mtendere ndi mwanaalirenji. Ndipo iye ankalakalaka.

wopondereza tsogolo

Nyumba achibale ake ku Manila kawirikawiri ndi atsogoleri a chipani mtundu, kupanga izo zoona, ndi ndodo yake. Kulumikizana ndi iwo, Imelda anaphunzira kuyenda mu zosiyanasiyana zandale za dziko. Mu 1954, pa umodzi wa misonkhano anthu mwamwayi anakumana mwamuna wake watsogolo ─ membala wa Nyumba ya Philippines Congress, Ferdinandom Markosom, amene mwamsanga ake ndi makampani. Choncho kukongola wamng'ono anadziwika monga Imelda Marcos.

kusankha kwake kunali munthu wochititsa chidwi kwambiri, choncho ndi ofunika kuyang'ana pa mwatsatanetsatane. Anabadwa mu 1917 mu wazamalamulo banja, amachita m'tauni yaing'ono, yomwe ili makilomita 400 kuchokera Manila, Ferdinand anamaliza maphunziro ake kukoleji, ndipo potsatira mapazi a bambo wake, anakhala loya.

Komabe, loya wake kwa nthawi yoyamba talente anasonyeza m'njira zambiri zosathandiza. mfundo ndi yakuti mu 1939, Marcos kutsogolo kwa onse kuwombera ndi mfuti mdani ndale za atate wake, amene anali m'ndende kwa moyo. Komabe, ndondomeko mobwerezabwereza kuti anayamba adziteteze ndi deftly anatsogolera zambiri, iye mlanduwo. Izi yomweyo anam'bweretsera makasitomala omwe ankabwera lalikulu.

Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, loya wamng'ono nkhondo Japanese monga msilikali wa gulu lankhondo zigawenga, koma pa nthawi yomweyo, malinga okha, anatha kusintha chinyengo chachikulu pa msika wakuda. Ankhondo akale ndi ambiri mphoto, chimene, poyamba, iye analibe zikalata zogwirizana wa umafunika analola Ferdinand kupanga pambuyo nkhondo ntchito zandale ndi kukhala ndi Kongeresi womaliza dziko.

Mu 1965 - chifukwa cha chisankho - anakhala pulezidenti 10 ya Philippines. Kupambana kumeneku ndi wolamulira m'tsogolo, anali agwidwa pa zaka za ulamuliro wake, gawo la mikango la chuma mtundu wa dziko, anapambana, oddly mokwanira, pansi pa mbendera ya nkhondo yolimbana ndi ziphuphu, zomwe kuloŵedwa m'malo ake anali nawo. Komabe, zitsanzo zimenezi - si zachilendo mu mbiri ya dziko.

Kupambana ndege Iron Gulugufe

Imelda Marcos, amene chithunzi panyengo zosiyanasiyana za moyo kuperekedwa ku nkhani, ndi mwamuna wake, Ferdinand sakanakhoza kukhala bwino yosayenera kwa wina ndi mzake. ntchito yake lili ndi akatswiri ndi wachinyengo obweretsa kusankha njira mwangwiro likugwirizana kukongola ndi chithumwa mkazi wake. kuphatikiza zinathandiza awiri - Ferdinand Marcos ndi mkazi wake - edging kunja mpikisano, kukwera pamwamba pa andale ndi azachuma Olympus.

Mu ulamuliro wake twente-chaka Imelda unachitikira angapo malo ofunika. Makamaka, wakhala Kazembe wa Manila, Minister, phungu, ndi, kuwonjezera, ndi udindo wa kazembe Waukulu ndi Plenipotentiary amakwaniritsa ndi ntchito yofunika zamtendere. Mu 1975, Akazi Marcos anapita Soviet Union ndipo anavomerezedwa mu boma la Russia, L. I. Brezhnevym. Kukongola, kaphatikizidwe ndi zapadera wolimba mtima, Imelda Marcos analandira yotchuka dzina "Iron Gulugufe".

Malipiro analandira mwa akazi, anali ochepa, komabe iwo ankakhala chachilendo mwanaalirenji, kumasulira mamilioni a madola allocated monga chothandiza kwa anthu a Philippines, nkhani banki munthu mu Switzerland ndi Rome. Ambiri wothandizila ndalama anaŵagula malo mu Europe ndi America, kupanga izo ziri zambiri pa anthu kutsogolo.

Olamulira ankhanza a asilikali m'malo demokalase

Ngati chiyambi cha ulamuliro wa Pulezidenti 10 ya Philippines akhoza yodziwika monga nthawi ya ufulu demokalase mu dziko, ndi nthawi zonse dyera kuwonjezeka anali chifukwa cha kusintha mfundo zoweta zimene zikuluzikulu kuba sadalole ndi mkazi wake Imelda Marcos, zikhoza kukhala nkhani kutsegula kutsutsa ndi unmasking.

Chisankho chotsatira Pulezidenti 1969, iye anapambana, mopanda manyazi moyembekezera mwamantha, ziphuphu ndi katangale mu kuwerenga mavoti, ndi demokalase potsiriza m'manda mu zaka 3, ndi kulowa mwankhanza asilikali dziko. The chifukwa ofunda pakuti iyi inali kuukira mmodzi wa nduna za udindo wapamwamba Marcos, limene, mogwirizana ndi atolankhani ambiri, zinali zofanana ndi ankachitika.

malamulo achisilikali unakhazikitsidwa mu dziko, limodzi ndi kupondereza chachikulu ndi onse amene amadzinenera kuti abereke mawu a kuukira. M'ndende popanda mlandu anaponyedwa zikwi chitsutso okonda anzake a ku Philippine, ambiri a omwe kwathunthu kumizidwa mu mayenje a mdima wopondereza wamagazi.

The looting wa dziko lawo

Mu kufanana ndi kumangika kwa boma mu dziko catastrophically kugwa mfundo moyo wa nzika zake. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti chuma dziko, komanso Mipikisano miliyoni ndalama dollar allocated ndi anthu padziko lonse ndipo koposa zonse America kukweza chuma Philippines, mwankhaza agwidwa akazi Marcos, komanso ndi paketi losakhutiritsidwa cha abale awo ndi retainers, aliyense amene panali malo pa ufa anthu.

Palibe zambiri angathe kuipitsa anthu monga mphamvu zonse. choonadi ichi yaitali wamba, ndi koma koposa chitsimikiziro. Mu nkhani iyi, chitsanzo chabwino akhoza wokha kutumikira Imelda Marcos. Kuwonjezera bajeti, m'njira zosiyanasiyana imagwera pa nkhani yake banki, iye analandira phindu lalikulu pa makumi panokha kutsogoleredwa ndi mabungwe ake pamwamba anthu amakwanitsa monga chuma chawo.

Kwa nthawi yaitali kuchuluka yaikulu "wakuda ndalama" mmatumba wolowa ndi kutuluka kwa dziko. The lonse kuba nyengo zingasonyeze mfundo zosangalatsa lomasuliridwa ndi Ofufuza atagwa mwankhanza. Kamodzi Imelda Marcos anatumiza Geneva banki masutikesi ambiri ndi ndalama, kunadza telegramu ndi pempho mongoyembekezera kukhala, monga ndodo sangathe kulimbana ndi zopereka kamangidwe.

"Kufooka Small" Akazi Marcos

Zonsezi analola Iron Gulugufe amakhala mu ulemerero lowoneka. Kuwonjezera yogona mwanaalirenji ku Philippines ndipo iwo unali nazo zochuluka za malo mtengo weniweni m'mayiko osiyanasiyana padziko lonse. Ngakhale amadziwika kuti anali sitepe imodzi kuchokera kugula wotchuka New York Ufumu State Building ─ ndi Trade Center World, yomwe ili pa chilumba cha Manhattan. Iye anakana kuthana, monga anamva penapake kuti nyumbayo kwambiri pretentious mu zomangamanga.

Anakhala nthano chachikulu kugula, kukonza Imelda pa maulendo ake kunja. M'manja mwa Ofufuza anafika chikalata mu 1970, chimene kokha tsiku lina anakhala mu Geneva, Iron Gulugufe anakwanitsa amathera mapaundi 9 miliyoni. Patatha mwezi umodzi, kuyendera New York, iye anatumizidwa kunyumba kugula, sadzachitanso pati muli zitatu zikuluzikulu nyanja.

Chapadera ndi zokometsera Imelda Marcos. Kuti iwo anali ndi chilakolako ndi kugula zedi kwambiri. Wokwanira kuti, kuwonjezera zodzikongoletsera zagolide ndi diamondi ndi zina miyala yamtengo wapatali, m'manja mwa Ofufuza zinali ngale ochuluka kwambiri sukulu apamwamba kuti iwo angakhoze kutenga malo a mamita lalikulu 38.

Ngati mkazi aliyense, mnzawo wa wopondereza Philippines anakonda zovala zokongola. Koma iye adatenga chilakolako uyu ndithu mawonekedwe hypertrophic. Byword zitsulo nsapato Imelda Marcos, amene pambuyo ndege ake ku dziko la awiriawiri 360 anapezeka. Kuwonjezera zovala dziko, omwe anapangidwa zaumwini okha kutumikira situdiyo ake, 160 madiresi ku okonza kutsogolera mafashoni apezeka zipinda mavalidwe a nyumba yogonamo chachikulu. Amadziwika kuti nthawi zonse anabweretsa flights yapadera ya ndege.

Iwo akhala ankadziwikanso kuti ogwirizira a chuma chosaneneka, amakonda kutaya maganizo phindu lenileni la zinthu zawo. Umboni wa zimenezi zingakhale umboni wa wothandizila malonda, yemwe udindo wake unali kupanga mndandanda wa katundu anachoka ndi mkazi wopondereza kutsitsidwa pambuyo kupulumuka kwa dziko.

Malipoti wake, iye analemba za galasi wapatali, makombo a omwe amapezeka pakati pa makala a moto, Zolembedwa lapadera m'ma XII, tucked pansi kukatentha ndi nthunzi. Zosowa zakale galasi, anapeza pa ogulitsira malonda mu Paris ndi kamodzi a Louis XIV, izo kunama wosweka pakati pa chipindacho. Milu wa abwino bedi bafuta, yemwe anali ntchito lonse msonkhano embroiderers, kuvunda mu chipinda wokutidwa ndi nkhungu. Buku yaikulu nsapato Imelda Marcos pylilos mu mipata yopanda zovala lapansi.

Kutha kwa wolamulira wa

Pakali pano, vuto mu dziko pang'ono ndi pang'ono usavutike. Zosathandiza malo a mbali yaikulu ya nzika zake kwachititsa kukula ndi chaka cha imfa ndi njala ndiponso matenda. Akuluakulu sanatenge kanthu, kusamalira okha mmene kubisa mwaimvetsa kwa anthu padziko lonse.

kuphulika Social chinachitika mu 1983. Iye anali detonator wakupha anabwerera kuchokera ku ukapolo, ndi mdani andale a Marcos Sen. Ninoy Aquino. Ngakhale mawu ndi maulamuliro kuti Anthuwo wothandizila Communist anabzala, iwo sanamukhulupirire, ndi mkazi wamasiye wa malemu Korason Akino, kugwiritsa ntchito kusakhutira kukula mu dziko, anatha kuyambitsa chiwembu asilikali.

Ndipo iye, atakhala mu Washington, analimbikitsa boma US kuti kutsitsidwa wolamulira anali kwenikweni achinyengo ndi Munthu wovutika. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, Lady Choyamba wa Philippines Imelda Marcos ndi mwamuna wake anathawira ku dziko, limene pa zaka 20 zapitazi ankaonedwa fiefdom wake.

Manyazi pa chilungamo American

Tsopano kubwerera kwa pamwamba pa Nkhani ndi kuyesera kupeza chomwe chinalepheretsa American Themis kulanga banja zavorovavsheesya. Choyamba, wopondereza sanapite ukawona chiyambi cha ndondomekoyi, nafa September 28, 1989 a matenda a impso, kuti yankholo anali kusunga umodzi wokha Imelda Marcos.

mbiri ndi mdima ndithu. Mwalamulo analengeza kuti milandu yonse ake alephera chifukwa chokana ndi mabanki Swiss kupereka Maloya zokhudza nkhani mwawomwawo. Mofanana categorical iwo anatumiza boma latsopano la Philippines, umene wakhala mutu wa Korason Akino wamasiye wa aphungu anaphedwa ─. Imelda Marcos ku ukapolo milandu 80 zokhudzana ndi milandu yosiyanasiyana zachuma akhala akupereka madandaulo, koma palibe chinachitika chikhulupiriro ndi.

chifukwa zomwe ofesi khoti linalamula mofulumira anabwerera kuchokera atamunamizira awo ambiri maganizo osiyana. Koma, mulimonse, Imelda Marcos (chithunzi m'munsimu) mu ananyozedwa akuyang'ana pansi pa oweruza ake, mlanduwo chifukwa chosowa umboni kwa masiku onse kwa ndondomekoyi. Iye anasiya M'khotimo, apangidwe zala zake mu chigonjetso chizindikiro "Victoria" (chithunzi lasonyezera).

Homecoming

Imelda Marcos anali mu ukapolo kwa nthawi yochepa. Pamene ine kulibe ake akuluakulu a boma m'dzikoli afika amasiye ambiri Aquino banja, komanso oimira angapo a achifumu akale, anangolemba pa nthawi ya ufa wa. Ankhondo a dzulo yolimbana ndi ziphuphu anayamba mwaphuma kugwetsera popanda chilichonse kuti analibe nthawi kuti abe Marcos. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ambiri chisoni kuti mofulumira kutulutsa ku dziko ya olamulira awo akale.

Ndi amenewa, ali analanda anthu mu 1991, boma anakakamizika kulola adzabwerenso Imelda Marcos. Mu ndege Manila iye anakumana ndi gulu la anthu ake, mwachionekere, amene anaona zimenezo wamng'ono woipa koma amene akuimira mu mphamvu Korason Akino. Monga zingaoneke zachilendo, koma kunyumba pambuyo kupanduka manyazi kwambiri mkazi wolamulira wakale anali kupitiriza ntchito zake zandale. Iye ─ katatu mu 1995, 2010 ndi 2013 - anasankhidwa kukhala Congress ndi membala wa Nyumba ya oimira.

Moyo lero, ngakhale zaka kutenga awo. Imelda Marcos, mnyamata amawaona kuti Belle wa Philippines, ndi ukalamba sindinataye mbali yofunika kwambiri chithumwa akale. Iye amakhala m'malo bwino kuti mwanaalirenji ake, ndi mafunso a atolankhani za tsogolo la madola mabiliyoni 10, ndi osadziwika kumizidwa mu kuya kwa mabanki Swiss, ali chabe udindo chachinsinsi kumwetulira.