Russian wofufuza Erofey Khabarov. Amene anatsegula wofufuza?

M'dera Trans-Baikal, mwa expanses wa nayonso, pali waung'ono pasiteshoni ya sitima Erofey Pavlovich. Osati okwera onse whizzing zapitazi kuonetsera akuganiza kuti mu dzina lake, monga mwa dzina la mmodzi wa mizinda ikuluikulu kwambiri mu Far East - Khabarovsk - perpetuated kukumbukira wotchuka Russian wofufuza ndi dzina la Erofey Khabarov. Amene anatsegula munthu uyu nanga phindu lake? Nawa mafunso ndipo nkhani zokambirana zathu.

Pofunafuna kumvetsa nawo osangalala

mudziwe mbiri ubwana wake zochepa. Amadziwika kuti anabadwa ndi kukulira ku Ustyug, ndi kufika zaka okhwima, anakakhala Solvychegorske, pamene iye anali kuganizira kupanga mchere. Koma bwanji ngati zinthu chalakwika, kaya ndi achinyamata munthu mumangonyong'onyeka wonyong'onya imvi azikhalamo, koma kutula Erofei kwawo ndipo anapita kukafuna ulendo, ndipo ngati n'kotheka, chimwemwe, akutali, chifukwa "Stone m'Galimoto" - pa Urals Wamkulu.

Chabwino, chimwemwe sindinena, koma ulendo sanatenge nthawi yaitali. Choyamba, pa Yenisei, ndipo unali ndi nayonso nkhalango magombe a Lena anatsogolera latsopano Mlendo sable nsomba. Siberia ubweya chirombo chinali mu mtengo, ndi kusaka kubweretsa phindu zedi, koma amapunthwa mu nkhalango kwa makiyi mchere Habarov adapitiriza chinthu wake mwachizolowezi - kuphika mchere. Komanso analima zopanda pake meadows m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso kuchita ulimi. nkhaniyi ankaoneka woona, chifukwa palibe munthu anakhoza popanda mkate ndi mchere kuchita ...

Maloto, amene anabadwa mu ndende

Komabe, wofufuza tsogolo Erofey Khabarov nthawi iyi zinali zolakwika. Yakut kazembe, masuku pamutu analipo m'masiku amenewo, kusalankhula mphamvu kuchoka kwa iye ndi olimapo, ndi kuphika mchere, ndi zokolola zonse - matani zikwi zitatu za tirigu. Mlimi, amene anayesa kukana chifuniro chake, nachibisa mu ndende, pamene iye anakhala ndi pamodzi ndi achifwamba boreal ndi ambanda.

Koma nthawi imene kumbuyo zitsulo, osati chabe. Kuyambira cellmates awo - anthu aluso zochokera nayonso ndi pansi, - adamva nkhani za m'mayiko Amur ndi chuma chawo sizidzatha. Kodi akulakalaka masiku amenewo Erofey Khabarov kuti anapeza pokambirana ndi akaidi ena - silikudziwika, koma adatuluka m'tchire bwinja ndipo alibe moyo kwa kobiri munthu molimba mtima anapezerapo kampani wosimidwa.

Ofufuza anatsogolera kumuwombera

Pa nthawi imeneyo, mwamwayi, si watilakwira wakhala Yakutsk. Kaya anakapezeka mu ndende, kapena anapitiriza kuwonjezeka (zambiri), koma malo ake wasankhidwa kukhala bwanamkubwa Frantsbekov. Anadzakhala mavuto akuluakulu a ku osati kwa thumba lanu koma muziganiziranso zofuna za boma, choncho mosavuta anavomera Khabarova kutumiza ndi detachment wa Cossacks pa magombe a Amur Mtsinje - lotseguka kwa Russia kufunafuna m'mayiko ena ndi magwero a ndalama mosungiramo. Komanso, bwanamkubwa analangiza Yerofey kunyamula anthu yoyenera ulendo, ndi kutsogolera kumuwombera a.

Pa nthawi imeneyi, vuto loyamba anayamba. Cossacks ambiri kufooka nkhani makina Poyarkova - Pathfinder, yoyamba kukaona m'mayiko Siberia kumene kuli mwa Tungus, Daur Akani ndi mafuko zakutchire nayonso. chiopsezo anali wotchuka kwambiri, kuyenda zokhudzana. Kukwera Erofey Khabarov pangozi. Movutikira, anatha mphambu anthu makumi asanu ndi atatu, monga adventurers kufika ngati yekha.

Njira ku Yakutsk kuti Cupid

Voivod, wanzeru ndi wamasomphenya munthu, anamulangiza osati kusonkhanitsa anakumana ndi mafuko msonkho (mangawa mu mawonekedwe a zikopa za nyama ubweya wopatsa), komanso kulemba ikulongosola za maiko atsopano, ndipo ambiri Chofunika - kuziyika pa mapu. Ndipo m'chilimwe cha 1649 atatumikira mu kachisi wa Mulungu, ndi kudalitsira pemphero tsalani bwino, detachment ananyamuka ku Yakutsk.

M'zaka za m'ma XVII njirazo yekha mayendedwe anali mitsinje ya Siberia, kotero ulendo Erofey Khabarov ndi daredevils wake anayamba ndi chakuti, kusunthira mmwamba ndi Lena Mtsinje, anafika pakamwa pa tributary wake waukulu - Olyokma Mtsinje. Kuthana kudya ake mathithi madzi ndi Cossacks ambiri mu yophukira mochedwa anafika wina nayonso mtsinje - Tugira limene gombe ndi nyengo yachisanu.

Mu January, ulendo anapitiriza. Akuyenderera chisanu kwambiri ndipo anakokera kukokera sledges maboti othodwa ndiponso zinthu zina zonse, maulendowa anagonjetsa The nsana. Anthu anatopa kwambiri, monga mphepo yamphamvu ndi blizzards akulephera kukokera anakunkha otsetsereka. Koma, kamodzi pa mbali ina ya lokwera, ndi Khabarov ndi chipani chake anatsika pa Urke mtsinje, anafika kumene ankapita - ndi Amur.

Msonkhano woyamba ndi anthu a nayonso

More pamwamba pa Cossacks ake adakomana pa kuthetsa wa m'deralo - Dauria. Iwo anali linga weniweni pakati pa makoma matabwa unazunguliridwa ndi moats. Komabe, anadabwa aliyense, iwo anali anathawira. Anthu okhala m'mizindayo anathawa mantha ndi njira ya Cossacks.

Atangobadwa msonkhano woyamba ndi kalonga m'deralo. Pa zoyembekezeredwa Khabarov. Erofey Pavlovich kupyolera mwa wotanthauzira za cholinga cha kufika kwa detachment ndi kuperekedwa kwa ichitikire kukhazikitsa ntchito. M'nzake mutu mutu wake poyamba, koma ayenera kupereka msonkho kwa chuma anakumana ndi kudana ndi, mokwiya kuyang'ana pa Khabarova kumanzere.

Kulimbikitsa Cossack detachment

Mu chaka chomwecho Habarov popanda kuika gulu laling'ono kupita mwakuya mu nkhalango, anabwerera ku Yakutsk thandizo, kusiya zambiri za kumuwombera Amur. Voivod, anamvetsera mokondwera kwa uthenga wake wa maiko atsopano ndi chiyembekezo nawo, kumuwombera pa nazo anthu zana ndi makumi asanu ndi atatu. Atabwerera kwa anzake, Khabarov nawapeza ali ndi thanzi labwino koma wotopa nthawi zonse anawazunza daurov. Komabe, mwansanga izi Cossacks, okhala ndi mfuti, nthawi zonse anatuluka wopambana, chifukwa kuthawa adani awo amene sanadziwe mfuti.

Pamene kutsegula Erofey Khabarov ndi Cossacks wake unadziwika mu Moscow, ndi Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich analamula kuti detach kuti akuthandizeni mphamvu zina. Komanso, adatuma ku Urals ndi kugula anthu ndi chakudya chilungamo cha otsogolera onga. M'chaka cha 1651 iye anapita ku Amur ambiri komanso zida detachment, analamula Khabarov. Erofey Pavlovich ndi anthu ake, zikubweretsa kumvera mafuko daurskie anatumizidwa mosungiramo msonkho wolemera kwa zikopa za nyama ubweya wopatsa.

Ankalimbana ndi Akani ndi Manchu asilikali

Koma Akani mafuko komanso kumene kuli anthu m'dera, anali wolimba ndi pankhondo. Iwo anali kukana oopsa kwa Cossacks mobwerezabwereza kutifikira ku oyimitsira awo. Komabe, mwayi wa mfuti ndi mbuli ndi mauta ndi amene akukhudzidwa pa nthawi ino. Nayonso anthu anathaŵa pochita mantha mwamsanga pamene iye adamva kulira. Atalephera kupirira alendo, iwo anaitanitsa Manchu amalonda thandizo zida ndi mfuti pa nthawi, koma Cossacks pothawa kumuwombera izi.

Kupatula chigonjetso ankalimbana m'dera ndi thandizo zina anatumizidwa ku Yakutsk kupitiriza deta zina za msonkho zinali zoopsa. Kuchokera anthu am'deralo ife tinapeza kuti kukonza amanyansidwa ambiri Manchu asilikali anatumiza kupewa malowedwe a Russian m'dera Amur. Ine anayenera kusiya pa za Zeya Mtsinje ndi kukhazikitsa kuthetsa kumeneko.

The yimitsira la kupanduka kwake ndi kuchuluka ikuluikulu ya atsamunda

Mu nthawi yomweyo wa Cossacks anapandukira, kuyesera kutuluka kugonjera ndi. Ndipo kupanduka izi anakakamizika kubisa Erofey Khabarov. yonena ake mfundo ndi pa nkhani imeneyi chisoni. Kenako, ankakhala mlandu wa nkhanza kwambiri. Mwina zinali, zitatha zaka zonse za moyo wa Erofey Khabarov anakhala mu mavuto a m'dera limeneli, amaonekera awo pa khalidwe ndi makhalidwe a munthu uyu.

Posakhalitsa, malinga ndi lamulo lachifumu, inakhalapo m'chigawo Dahurian kumene kutumiza akuluakulu mwapadera oikidwa ndi anthu utumiki. zaka izi mu mbiri ya Siberia sankawabisira cha kuchuluka lalikulu osamuka omwe anamva za dera chuma ndi kufuna mtsinje wa Amur Mtsinje. Boma anakakamizika kukhazikitsa kumudzi wapadera kulowa zoletsa obwera.

Miseche ndi intrigue

Khabarova anapitiriza pamaso pa Amur anali ndimachita machenjerero ndipo zokhota yokonzedwa ndi akuluakulu nthawi. Iwo adamsuntha ku mphamvu yeniyeni, ndipo anafuna ngakhale mlandu pa nkhanza. Kumangidwa, kupita Moscow. Koma anafikira bwinobwino. Mu likulu, ife kudziŵa bwino za Erofey Khabarov, n'kupeza anatenga Russia, kodi ubwino. mphoto wowolowa manja, wapaulendo ulemu anamasulidwa. Mlandu, anabwerera Siberia.

Kenako mu moyo Yerofei Khabarova tasiya ngakhale pa masamba a mbiriyakale. Deti la imfa silidziwika, komanso chaka cha kubadwa. Koma malipoti zinasungidwa, kupereka zatsatanetsatane m'mayiko onse linalanda boma Russian, ndi chuma wapereka dziko Erofey Khabarov. Amene anatsegula munthu uyu mu kuyenda kwanga - mobwerezabwereza anafotokozedwa ndi ofufuza za moyo wake. dzina lake wateteza siteshoni mbadwa Erofey Pavlovich ndi mzinda wa Khabarovsk.