"Gneisenau '(nkhondo) makhalidwe ndi dongosolo kufotokoza

Wotchuka German Navy ankadikira "Gneisenau" anaikidwa kugwira ntchito mu 1938 madzulo a Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Kamangidwe chombo umenewu wakhala mmodzi wa wofuna kwambiri chifukwa nthawi yake. The nkhondo anatumikira mpaka 1943, pamene nkhondo lotsatira linali kwambiri kuonongeka. Iye anatumidwa kwa kukonza, koma mapeto anaganiza kusunga. Mu 1945, patatsala kugonjetsedwa kwa Germany, chombo kumizidwa. Mu mbiriyakale anali wotchuka okha anamanganso wake wa manja, komanso ntchito kwambiri.

Mbiri ya nyumba

German nkhondo "Gneisenau" - mmodzi wa zombo wotchuka ya nkhondo yachiwiri. Mbiri yake inayamba mu 1933, pamene ulamuliro wa Hitler abverana kuti amange zombo ziwiri za mtundu watsopano "Scharnhorst". ntchito yagwiridwira mu okwana mobisa. Mwalamulo, ndi nkhondo "Gneisenau" linapereka chotengera china cha "zocheperapo". Komabe, pakati pa zopeka anthu chombo uyu anali kusiyana kwambiri.

"Gneisenau" ankasiyana misa yaikulu kwambiri matani 19,000, ndi mphamvu anali 161.000 ndiyamphamvu. ankadikira adalira inkakhala asilikali 1669. Makhalidwe ake onse, chombo pathupi zida lalikulu - German bulu ngale. Ndipo sizinali zodabwitsa chifukwa utsogoleri wa ulamuliro wa Hitler ankakonda kuyambitsa ntchito zodabwitsa ndi mtengo, mmodzi amene, mosakaika, anali "Gneisenau". Ankadikira analengedwa monga yankho ku Royal Navy ndi French (makamaka French ngalawa "Dunkerque" mtundu). kusiyana Aika ku zitsanzo zina ndi kuwonjezeka zikusintha zosungitsa ndi zida.

Mu 1935, chombo ngakhale kuti adzathe chikole chifukwa cha kuonekera kwa latsopano, ngakhale zambiri kufika mu mawu a kamangidwe, ntchito. Launch anapangidwa December 8, 1936-TH. Pa tsiku limenelo, mmodzi wa unyolo mkangano chonyamulira, chifukwa cha zimene chombo omwazika nathamanga pagombe. kuwonongeka vuto anatembenukira kumbuyo.

mfuti

Sitimayo "Gneisenau" (nkhondo) chikutchedwa wotchuka chifukwa pa World nkhondo yoyamba oti muli nazo zida cruiser a squadron wa asilikali Spee. Chizindikiro osankhidwa ndi N'zosadabwitsa. "Gneisenau" anali woyamba nkhondo ya German yapamadzi, anamanga mu nthawi interwar. Zaka manyazi, ndipo ziletso zotsatira Pangano la Versailles inatha. Koma chifukwa chakuti zombo German anakhalabe numerically ofooka, mu zaka 30 izo zimayenera kuchita, "Gneisenau" chombo, cholinga yekha kwa mabomba a. Mu ulamuliro wa Hitler pa chotengera chatsopano kuyembekezera bwino, ofanana ndi amene wotchuka eponymous kuloŵedwa m'malo.

Mu nthawi interwar, ulimi wa mfuti 283 mm anayamba mu Germany, opangidwa mwachindunji ndi "Gneisenau". Ankadikira kuti muli mfuti, ofanana anakhazikitsa "Dunkirk". Komanso, zinthu kudzitchinjiriza ndipo amanyansidwa ya sitimayo German monga anayesedwa ndi diso pa sikhala standoff French zotengera za mtundu uwu. 283 mm mfuti amakhoza bwino kuposa zipangizo za "zocheperapo". uthunthu wawo wa moto ndi firepower kwa likungosonyeza ake zinali zazikulu kwambiri. bwino zida sanathe chifukwa ovomerezeka mu Berlin.

Kayendetsedwe moto m'chombo "Gneisenau" analandira ya zida, anali kale kutsimikiziridwa mtundu wa "Bismarck" Nkhondo ndi "hipper" mtundu cruisers. Artogon malamulo ku posts ili mu turrets atsogoleri. Iwo kupereka telesikopu ntchito ndi alonda udindo kuwombera, ndi gunners. Chimake okhazikika ndi gyroscope a.

Pa positi anali zipangizo zamakono nthawi zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, liwiro ballistic kompyuta lokhazikika, kubereka kusintha mu mtunda chandamale ndipo ngakhale kuganizira nyengo. kuwerengetsera zovuta anachita mu zingatipunthwitse ndi makina apadera. dongosolo zida zankhondo moto ulamuliro okhudza nsanja zitatu. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo akanakhoza moto pa mipherezero angapo (kapena kuganizira m'modzi ndipo olingana).

zida

Pa "Gneisenau" Germany ntchito mitundu yambiri ya zipolopolo. Choyamba, zida kuboola. ntchito yawo ndi mipherezero bwino otetezedwa. Iwo anali lama fuyusi pansi ndi mlandu yaing'ono zachiwawa. Kachiwiri, anali polubroneboynye zipolopolo. Malinga ndi gulu la Britain, iwo kaŵirikaŵiri otchedwa "Common". Iwo ali pang'ono zachiwawa ndi ndi kugawikana zotsatira wamkulu. Iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito ndi mipherezero ndi zida si wakuda kwambiri.

Pomaliza, chachitatu, "Gneisenau" anali zipolopolo mkulu-zachiwawa. Iwo anali mutu lama fuyusi ndi ntchito ndi mipherezero unarmored (ofunkha, odana ndi ndege mfuti searchlights, anthu oti mosadziteteza ndi zina zotero. D.). Awa ndi malamulo a zipolopolo sadzasintha mu German Bulu nthawi ya nkhondo. Polubroneboynye ndi zipolopolo zachiwawa ndi mathamangidwe koyamba mamita 900 pa mphindi ndi osiyana kulemera m'munsi (ndi ena kulemera pa 100 kg). Iwo mlandu ndi galimoto wapadera hayidiroliki.

Choyamba zipolopolo anadyetsedwa grippers ndi njanji inaimitsidwa. Ndiye, matebulo mphete wodzigudubuza iwo analowa atamva. milandu Basic amasiyana manja mkuwa. Mayendedwe a trays wapadera anagawidwa. zipolopolo Secondary kudyetsedwa pamanja. Zipolopolo wagalimoto inkakhala milandu 1800 (1350 zazikulu ndi zazing'ono 450).

maonekedwe

Ambiri "Gneisenau" ngati mchimwene wake "Scharnhorst". Koma kusiyana kunja pakati pa iwo analipo. anangula osiyana inali, odana ndi ndege mfuti za makina, komanso mainmast. Pambuyo pomanga "Gneisenau" utoto kuwala imvi mtundu. Yekha kapena yamawangamawanga noticeable anali zovala za manja za pa mbali ya tsinde la.

Mu February 1940, pa mlandu, anaganiza kuika mabwalo wofiira ndi wakuda swastika. Ankachita zimenezi pofuna kudziwa mpweya. Vuto linali kuti Luftwaffe anali mwezi umodzi wokha wa molakwika Amira awiri ofunkha German. Mu kugwa kwa 1940 pa positi-kukonza mavuto mu Baltic Sea "Gneisenau" anali kubisa ochekenera.

kusamutsidwa

M'kupita kwa maphunziro kamangidwe, zinadziwika kuti okonza sadzatha kukakomana ndi kusamutsidwa matani 26,000. Poyamba izo ankaganiza kuti kutsatira Chiwerengerochi, "Gneisenau". Ankadikira Komabe, anadza chachikulu kwambiri mu 1936 zimasonyeza kulemera kulamulira. Pa doko la zombo zapanyanja ndi, zinamveka Alamu. Akatswiri pali mantha kuti chombo adzakhala zosakwana ndi okhazikika, ndipo kuchepa ake seaworthiness. Komanso, amakakamizidwa ndi kuchepetsa kutalika kwa freeboard lapansi. Kulengedwa mchitidwe uyu mwapang'ono osiyanasiyana bata.

Vuto la kuchuluka kusamutsidwa opezeka pa nthawi imene anali kale mochedwa kwambiri kusintha makhalidwe a "Gneisenau". Nkhondo, amene kapangidwe anali mwalawapangodya polojekiti lonse opulumutsidwa ndi kuwonjezera m'lifupi thupi. Chifukwa, ndi kusamutsidwa kuchuluka matani 33 chikwi.

magetsi

mikangano ambiri achititsira magetsi constructors. Icho chinali chinthu kwambiri maganizo a polojekiti lonse "Gneisenau". Nkhondo, makhalidwe amene ankasiyana sikunachitekepo kanjedza woyamba zidachitika mwa polakwitsalakwitsa. Ndi kuti palibe zonsezi udindo sanafune mobwerezabwereza kusokoneza ntchito yomanga chotengeracho.

Pa siteji koyamba za kamangidwe ngati mayunitsi magetsi osankhidwa turbozubchatye. Ndi thandizo lawo, ankafuna kupha mbalame ziwiri ndi mwala umodzi: kuonetsetsa liwilo chotengera ndi imathandizira pa nthawi yobereka ake. Unit ntchito pa banja. Ya dizilo anamuthawa, kuyambira kwa oterowo sitima zazikulu ndi sanali injini ya mtundu uwu. zosayenera zinapangidwa ndi asilikali Erich Raeder. Iye anazindikira kuti ngalawa dalnohodnost adzakhala m'munsi kwambiri kuposa ntchito dizilo. Komabe, Navy analibe nthawi kudikira chitukuko ndi kupanga.

nyumba

Nyumba ya nkhondo anali ndi kapangidwe kotenga. Zikhale za chitsulo. Anaganiza ntchito kuwala kasakaniza wazitsulo - choncho anakwanitsa kuchepetsa kulemera. The muyezo waukulu chombo chidafika watertight. Thupi lonse unagawidwa 21 chipinda. 7 iwo zikugwira amagetsi.

Ndi chidwi kuti ntchito yomanga yaikulu chombo Arc kuwotcherera kwa nthawi yoyamba pa wina gawo la kupanga ankagwiritsa ntchito yeniyeni mu nkhani ya "Gneisenau". Nkhondo, Kuwulura umene mamangidwe chipilala chidwi cha chi, zinali zabwino osati chikhalidwe chawo, komanso mu njira kupanga.

Welded zitsulo nyumba m'malo nyumba. Ndi njira imeneyi latsopano kupanga zinali akhakula. Zotsatira zake anali zolakwa zambiri khalidwe la "ankafuna kulemba." Mu June 1940 ndi "Gneisenau" analandira kuwononga kwambiri, zomwe zinaonetsa kuti anthu ambiri adzakhala ndi akumenyetsa mutu wake momwe luso la welds ndi. Iwo ankasiyana chiopsezo ku mabomba ndi oponya kumenya. Ndipo, koma, ntchito kuwotcherera ndi patsogolo kwambiri, anapereka malangizo a chitukuko cha mafakitale lonse.

Chimodzi cha zinthu zoipitsitsa kwambiri lodziwika la hulls ankadikira anali mafelemu m'mphuno, zimaonetsa kugwa yaing'ono. Pa nthawi yomweyo anakhalabe anangula chikhalidwe. Iwo inali ku Clusaz - wina kumbali starboard, awiri kumanzere. Poyerekeza ndi zitsanzo yachilendo, freeboard anali ochepa, koma m'kupita kwa kutsiriza ndi redrawing polojekiti inasanduka ngakhale ang'onoang'ono. Nthawi zina kamangidwe Mbali anatsogolera chakuti nyanja inakhazikitsidwa kutsitsi zamphamvu, chifukwa cha zomwe anayenera yekha ntchito chotengeracho ku conning nsanja.

Mphuno ndi mbali ya bolodi

Wotchuka ankadikira "Gneisenau", chithunzi chimene sichikugwirizana mofanana zambiri malipoti a nzeru mdani ndi manyuzipepala German, kakusintha zosintha zingapo za "nkhope" - uta. Pambuyo kukamenyana ndi "Rawalpindi" zachotsedwa pa bolodi nangula. Mooring chipangizo anaika pamwamba pa tsinde la.

M'nkhani ina mu utumiki wapanga kusintha pomanga "Gneisenau" mu December 1940. Nkhondo, amene waukulu Kharkteristika anamuthandiza pankhondo, kukhala achabechabe kukachita namondwe. Mu December 1940, mphepo yamkuntho mu Nyanja North zingawonongeka kwambiri kwa sitimayo. Zitatero, "Gneisenau" Zomwe zinachitika anali anatsindika foredeck ndi breakwaters. Characteristically, ndi zaluso kuonekera pa ntchito yomweyo pambuyo mavuto lotsatira anauka. Wina kapangidwe vutoli bwinobwino vuto la "sputum" adzikometsa Komabe, yafupika ukulu ndi malire zovomerezeka.

Panali chilema china lodziwika, izi zimakhudza Nkhondo "Scharnhorst", "Gneisenau". zombo awiriwa yofanana ankasiyana moperewera zolimba panyanja. Yankho angakhale kuwonjezeka mu msinkhu wa mkanda wa. Komabe, kusinthidwa chonchi mwachibadwa kutsogolera ndi kuwonjezeka mu thupi la zida umene unalinso kosathandiza. Germany mu machitidwe a zombo onse a vuto lomweli - nsembe seaworthiness.

zida

Miyambo akuluakulu German Zombo Zankhondo onse wogwidwa zida lolemera. Ndinali nazonso ndi "Gneisenau". Nkhondo, Kuwulura umene uli chitsanzo cha chotengera bwino otetezedwa, anawagawira m'njira yapadera ya ofukula ndi yopingasa zida. Anathandiza mzake kuteteza nkhondo ku kuwonongeka kwa mbali yofunika ya thupi. Ngati mpirawo igunda bolodi, izo chofunika kukumana kuzikonzanso bronepalubu.

Ambiri mwa njira zothanirana ndi ntchito yomangayi, kuti wayesedwa kwa nthawi yoyamba. Mbali imeneyi kachiwiri limatsindika bwanji nzeru ndi wapadera anali "Gneisenau" (nkhondo). The First World nkhondo anapereka okonza German zambiri pamoyo. Mosatsata ntchito mu zaka za Republic Weimar, mwakhama, adatola ntchito zawo pomanga zombo za ulamuliro wa Hitler.

kukhazikika

The mfundo yolekanitsa m'chombo ku zipinda anakhazikitsa yekha pa First World nkhondo. Iye akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito mu mapangidwe "Gneisenau". Nkhondo, cruiser chombo ina anali ndi phindu kufikira nthawi likumira lapansi. Choncho, vuto bata ndi kusunga chombo wolimba nthawi zonse atayima kutsogolo kwa akatswiri German pa imodzi mwa malo oyamba.

Yomanga "Gneisenau" udaikidwa kuti osefukira ya zipinda ziwiri pafupi ungamuphe osefukira ya sitimayo. Olemba polojekiti kuti zagwiridwa malingaliro zingapo zofunika ndiponso zothandiza. Choncho, zipinda zonse, popanda yopapatiza ndipo ili pa nsonga ya, anagawidwa malo angapo watertight.

Poyerekeza ndi akalambula ake, ndi "Scharnhorst" ndi "Gneisenau" zimaonetsa chiwerengero wokulirapo wa yopingasa ndi bulkheads kotenga. Iwo anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito ina Dreadnought. Ndi kuyamika mbali izi ngakhale mu nkhondo kuzisiya anatha kusunga kosungira watertight ndi engine- ndipo kukatentha zipinda. Choncho, kwambiri amachepetsa chiopsezo heeling oopsa.