The Congress wa Vienna: gulu la ku Ulaya cha m'ma 19

Mu masiku otsiriza a March 1814 anagwirizana asilikali apambana ndipo analowa Paris. Izi zimatanthauza kugonjetsedwa kotheratu kwa Napoleonic France ndi kuwonongedwa lenileni la zaka za nkhondo European. Napoleon yekha posachedwa antchito ndipo anathawira ku Elba, ndi popindula ogwirizana ku gome positi ofesi kwa remake mapu a ku Ulaya.

Kuchita izi, Congress wa Vienna akambirane, umene unachitikira ku Austria mu 1814-1815, motero. Iwo anali nawo oimira Russia, England, Austria, Prussia, France ndi Portugal.

The mfundo zikuluzikulu analankhula ndi: kusokonekera kwa Ulaya mu mtima wa maiko wopambana, kubwezeretsa ufumu mu Europe ndi kuteteza mwawi wobwerera ku mphamvu ya Napoleon.

Mu France, iwo anabwezeretsedwa ndi oimira Bourbon mafumu, ndipo anatenga mpando wachifumu wa Lyudovik XVIII, wolowa nyumba pafupi ananyongedwa Louis XVI. Komanso, opambana adzabwezeretsa kuti akale - anthu otchuka ang'onoang'ono ndi absolutist. Kumene, pambuyo zofunika onse andale a French kuukira boma, cholinga anali n'komwe, komabe, kwa zaka zambiri, Europe walowa mu conservatism ndipo anachita boma.

Vuto chachikulu chinali kusokonekera kwa dziko, makamaka Poland ndi Saxony. Russian Mfumu Alexander ndimafuna kuti agwirizane mayiko Polish ndi gawo la Russia, Saxony ndi kupereka mphamvu ya Prussia. Koma anthu a Austria, Great Britain ndi France mwamphamvu kupewa zochita. Iwo ngakhale zinasaina chinsinsi mgwirizano pa mgwirizano ndi zokhumba m'zigawozo Prussia ndi Russia, kotero gawo loyamba la oterowo kukonzanso magawano Sichinatsitsidwe chinachitika.

Nthawi zambiri, Congress wa Vienna anasonyeza kuti chapamwamba chachikulu cha mphamvu unkachitika mu Russia, Prussia, England ndi Austria. Haggling ndi kukangana pakati pawo, anthu a m'mayiko amenewa ikuchitika lalikulu kukonzanso kugawikana kwa Europe.

M'chaka cha 1815, Napoleon anathawa Elba, anakapezeka ali France ndi watsopano nkhondo anapezerapo. Koma posakhalitsa, asilikali ake anali kwathunthu anagonjetsedwa ku Waterloo ndi Congress wa Vienna mu 1815 anayamba ntchito mofulumira. Tsopano, ophunzira anayesera mwamsanga kutenga molamula pa kapangidwe m'zigawozo Europe.

Kumayambiriro kwa July 1815 yosainidwa ndi chochitika ambiri Congress, chimene France anali mosatsata m'mayiko onse anagonjetsa kale. Russia anatenga Duchy wa Warsaw, amene tsopano limatchedwa kuti Ufumu wa Poland. Rhineland, Poznan, Westphalia ndi Saxony kwakukulukulu anapatsira Prussia. Austria akulowa m'gawo lake Lombardy, wotchedwa Galicia ndi Venice, ndi mgwirizano wa North Germany (German Chitaganya) lonseli, alandira otchuka. Ndithudi, izi zimakhudza zofuna za boma Prussian.

Mu Italy, Ufumu wa Sardinia linakhalanso kumvera Savoy ndi Nice, nthawi yomweyo zovomereza ufulu wa Nyumba ya Savoy. Tuscany, Modena ndi Parma anabwera pansi pa mphamvu ya akuluakulu a Austria banja lolamulira la Habsburg. Rome anapitiriza pansi pa ulamuliro wa papa amene anabwerera malamulo onse akale. Mu Naples, pampando wachifumu wa Bourbons lapansi. Anapanga ufumu Netherlands ku Netherlands ndi Belgium.

Small limati German amene anathetsa Napoleon, ambiri a iwo si lapezeka. chiwerengero chawo okwana ali anatsika ndi pafupifupi khumi kuchulukitsa. Komabe, kugawikana kwa Germany, amene tsopano 38 limati, wofanana.

Kwa England anapita kudziko atsamunda kuti anachotsa ku Spain, France ndi Holland. Chilumba cha Malta , ndi Ceylon, ndi Cape of Good Hope, Guyana, Ionian Islands tsopano finalizing ufumu British.

Chitaganya cha naintini cantons Swiss unakhazikitsidwa amene analengeza kwa "lopitirira chosalowerera". Norway wadutsa mu mphamvu ya Sweden, akumapeza izo kwa Chidanishi.

Koma onse popanda yekha ku Ulaya akhagopa ndi lolimbikitsa kwambiri kwa Russia, chifukwa dziko a udindo wopambana pa asilikali Napoleon a.

The Conference Vienna kumapeto, koma kugwa kwa 1815, Alexander ndinaganiza kulimbikitsa watsopano kuti European ndi kuwatsimikizira otsogolera a Russia ndi England. Pa chongoganiza, tagwirizana walemba pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa a Alliance Woyera, zimene zinaphatikizapo Austria, Prussia ndi Russian Ufumu. Malinga ndi pangano boma analonjeza kuthandizana choncho kusintha kapena kuukira otchuka.

The Congress wa Vienna ndi zosankha zake kunathandiza zikuluzikulu pa dziko lonse la European. Pokhapokha 1917, pamene nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse, malo European adzakhala redrawn kachiwiri.