Amazon Lowland: ikugwirizana, ndondomeko

Ku South America kampani, pali malo enieni olemba mu dziko la chilengedwe chopanda moyo. Kutalika kwa mathithi a Amazonian ndi 3200 km. Amaphatikizapo malo oposa mamita 5 miliyoni. Km. Dera ili limadziwika kuti ndilo lalitali kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mzindawu uli pafupi kwambiri ndi mitsinje yonse ya padziko lapansi - Amazon. Mwachidziwikire, tinganene kuti makamaka chimayambitsa nyengo, zomera ndi zinyama m'dera lino. Maofesi a lowland a Amazonian: pakati pa 49 ° ndi 78 ° W. Kwenikweni, ndi 5 ° mphindi. W. Ndi 19 ° S. W.

The Brazilian and Guiana Plateau

Malo otsetserekawa amapezeka ku Brazil ndi Guiana Highlands kum'mwera chakum'maŵa. Ndipo mtsinje wa Amazon umachokera ku Andes ndipo umathamangira ku Nyanja ya Atlantic.
A Brazilian Highlands amakhala m'dera lonse la Brazil. Pafupifupi anthu onse m'dzikoli (95%) amakhala kumapiri kapena m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Dera limeneli lagawanika ku Atlantic, Central ndi Southern Plateaus. Malo onsewa ali pafupi makilomita 4 miliyoni.

Guiana Plateau imatha pafupifupi makilomita 2,000, ndipo kutalika kwake kumasiyana ndi mamita 300 kufika pa kilomita imodzi. Ndi pano kuti muthe kukondwa kwam'madzi ambiri padziko lapansi - Angelo, omwe kutalika kwake ndi 979 m. M'dera lino ndi phiri la Pakaraima. Pamwamba kwambiri ndi Roraima (2810 mamita).

Mapiri a Andes

Mtsinje wa Amazon (madzi othamanga kwambiri padziko lapansi) ndi ziphuphu zake zimachokera kumtunda wautali kwambiri wa mapiri - Andes. Zimayendetsa gombe lonse lakumadzulo la South America, kutambasula makilomita 9,000. Mapiri awa ali ndi gawo lalikulu la nyengo, kulekanitsa madera kuchokera ku mphamvu ya Pacific Ocean kuchokera kumadzulo ndi Atlantic kuchokera kummawa.

Western Amazonia

Amazon ya Lowland imagawidwa kukhala Kumadzulo ndi Kum'maŵa. Gawo lakumadzulo likufikira mpaka m'lifupi makilomita 1600. M'madera awa, nyengo yowonongeka kwambiri imakhalapo. Mitsinje ikuyenda kumadzulo imanyamula madzi awo pang'onopang'ono. Madzi nthawi zambiri amawomba, bedi ndi sinuous.

M'mitsinje ya mtsinje, mapulasi otsika ndi otsika amagawanika. Nthaŵi zina ammadzi amasefukira, koma osati chaka chilichonse. Ndipo otsika akhoza kukhala pansi pa madzi chaka chilichonse kwa mwezi umodzi. M'mapiri otsetsereka, mitengo ya kanjedza ndi mitengo ya kakale imakula, pamene chiwerengero cha zomera m'munsi chili chochepa. Chifukwa cha kusefukira kwa madzi, West Plain (Amazonian lowland) imakhala ndi mitundu yambiri ya zinyama zomwe zimasinthidwa kukhala moyo pa mitengo. Kuchokera kwa oimira nthaka akhoza kupezeka ndi nkhondo, tapir. Komanso ku Western Amazonia, pali mbalame zambiri, tizilombo komanso, nsomba.

Eastern Amazonia

Eastern Amazonia ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi zochokera kumadzulo. Izi zimakhudzidwa ndi kutalika kwa mapiri a Amazonian, omwe sali oposa mamita 200, ndipo pamwamba pake ndi pafupifupi mamita 350. Pano, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mitsinje, mitsinje imakhudzidwa kwambiri, ndipo njira zawo zowonongeka. M'mphepete mwa madzi madzi ambiri amapangidwira. Madzi apa, mosiyana ndi mbali ya kumadzulo, amawoneka bwino, koma ali ndi mdima chifukwa chakuti amaletsa zomera.

Mkhalidwe wotsutsana nawo umakhalapo. Chilimwe chili chonse komanso kumayambiriro kwa autumn kumabweretsa chilala cha mvula kuchokera ku Brazil. Chifukwa cha izi, mitengo inatuluka m'nkhalango, ikugwetsa masamba. Kumayambiriro kwa nkhalango pali zida zankhondo ndi zinyama, ndipo, chochititsa chidwi kwambiri, ngakhale nyamakazi-mazams akuwoneka apa.

Zinyama

Amazon ya Lowland imadziwika ndi nyama yapadera. Muzinthu zambiri, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya oimira amadziwa malo a Mtsinje wa Amazon kudera lino. Chifukwa cha izi, mungathe kukumana ndi nyama, nsomba, mbalame ndi tizilombo tokha. Pakati pa mapiri otentha pali wonyansa wokongola wa mphaka - mbulu. Katsamba kakang'ono kamene kanasinthika bwino kuti moyo mu nyengo yamvula. Sangathe kusambira kokha m'madzi a mtsinjewu, koma ngakhale kuthamanga.

Pamphepete mwa nyanja muli makilogalamu 50 makilogalamu. Iye ndi nyama zina, akubwera kumadzi ndi madzi, akudikirira anaconda aakulu. Njoka iyi ndi malo ochepa omwe amatha kupha ndi kupha ngakhale odwala.

Dziko lapansi pansi pa madzi palinso losangalatsa komanso losiyana pano. Mtsinjewu mumakhala anthu aang'ono omwe amawoneka m'madzi. Zomwe zimakhala pano ndi nsomba za arab, zomwe zimatha kutuluka m'madzi kukatenga kachilomboka kuchokera kunthambi yambiri. Palinso otchedwa kuimba nsomba m'madzi a matope awa. Mbalame yotchedwa flathead ndi haraqi zimatha kuulutsa phokoso lalikulu kwambiri moti zimamveka pamwamba pa madzi. Oimira awa amakhala pano chifukwa cha madzi amadzi.

Amazon ya Lowland, kapena kuti mtsinjewu, wakhala "nyumba" ya dolphin ya Amazonian ya mtsinje. Mitundu ya nyama izi zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri. Mu Ama dolphins Amazonian, amuna ndi aakulu kwambiri kuposa akazi, omwe sapezeka m'mitundu ina yamadzi.

Mipiranasi yapadera

Anthu otchuka kwambiri mumzinda wa Amazon madzi, ndiwo, a piranhas. Pa iwo amajambula mafilimu ochuluka ndipo amawuza nkhani zovuta komanso zovuta. Mwa zina, iwo ndi oona. Nsombazi sizitali kwambiri, kufika kutalika kuchokera pa masentimita 10 mpaka 40. Koma ndi zinyama komanso zodabwitsa. Nkhosa zazikulu zingathe kumenyana ngakhale nyama yaikulu. Ndizoopsa kwa munthu. Piranasi, ngati nsomba, amakopa fungo la magazi. Atamveketsa, amamenyana ndi womenyedwayo ndipo amakoka pfupa.

Chitukuko

Ama Amazon Lowland sali ngati malo otukuka. Ulendowu uli pafupi ndi mtsinje. Pakati pawo panali midzi ing'onoing'ono. Pali mizinda ikuluikulu ikuluikulu: Manaus ndi Belen. Kuchokera mumzinda wa Brasilia ku Belem, msewu wa asphalt wakhala utaikidwa. Mu 1945, anapeza malo a manganese, iron ores ndi mafuta m'madera amenewa, omwe akupangidwa mpaka lero.

Mavuto a chilengedwe

Ngakhale kuti pali anthu ochepa omwe amakhala mumtsinje wa Amazon, pali mitengo yambiri yokhalamo mitengo. Pazaka 50 zapitazo, mazamu aakulu a Amazon awonongedwa ndi kuchepetsedwa ndi 70%. Kuwonjezera pa kuti pangakhale pangozi yosandutsa nkhalango zakale kukhala salala, kuwonongeka ndi kuwotcha mitengo zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kwapakati kuwonjezeke chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa carbon dioxide m'mlengalenga.

Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mitengo yambiri yomwe inakhudza zomera ndi zinyama za Amazon. Poyamba ankakhulupirira kuti m'madera amenewa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a zinthu zonse zamoyo padziko lapansi linakhalapo, pomwe tsopano n'kosatheka kunena choncho.

Kupeza kopambana

Malongosoledwe a mapiri otchedwa Amazonian adzakhala osakwanira, ngati satiuza za kutulukira kwapadera. Mu 2011, mtsinje waukulu padziko lonse lapansi unapezeka pansi pa mtsinje wa Amazon. Kutalika kwake kunali makilomita 6,000. Zimayambira mtsinje wapaderawu kuchokera kumapiri a Andes ndikuyenda mpaka ku nyanja ya Atlantic. Mtsinje wachinsinsi umayenda pa liwiro la mamita 3.5 pa ola limodzi. Kuzama kwa madziwa ndi pafupifupi mamita 4,000, ndipo m'lifupi kufika pafupifupi makilomita 400.