The koko mtengo. Chimakula mtengo koko kuti? koko zipatso

Chifukwa chokoleti akuyamba? Funso amadziwa yankho ngakhale mwana. Chocolate akuyamba ndi koko. mankhwala ali nalo dzina lomwelo monga mtengo umene ilo limakula. koko zipatso ankagwiritsa ntchito kupanga maswiti, ndi kwa iwo kuphika kumwa zokoma.

nkhani

Kutchula koyamba za koko opezeka m'mabuku chibwenzi ku zaka 1500 BC. Pa chakumwera kwa Gulf of Mexico anakhala anthu Olmec. nthumwi zake ntchito mankhwala kwa chakudya. Kenako za chipatso limapezeka mabuku a mbiri yakale ndi zojambula za anthu akale Mayan. Iwo ankakhulupirira koko mtengo wopatulika ndipo ankakhulupirira kuti milungu apereka izo kwa anthu. Kumwa anapangidwa kuchokera nyemba awa akhoza kumwa yekha atsogoleri ndi ansembe. Kenako Aaziteki anatengera chikhalidwe ndi kukula koko chakumwa kukonzekera Mulungu. Zipatso izi zidali chomwecho wapatali kuti akagule kapolo.

The azungu woyamba kulawa chakumwa limene linakonzedwa kwa koko anali Columbus. Koma wofufuza wotchuka analibe nawo pa mtengo wake weniweni. Mwina chifukwa unali kukoma osaka kumwa. Ndipo mwina chifukwa chinali chokolatl (wotchedwa kuti mbadwa) linakonzedwa ndi Kuwonjezera cha magulu ambiri, kuphatikizapo tsabola.

Patapita pa gawo lawo pakubwera Msipanishi Cortés (kudzagonjetsa Mexico), amene anali kuperekedwa kwa chakumwa wamba. Ndipo posachedwa, koko limapezeka Spain. Mu 1519 akuyamba mbiri ya koko ndi chokoleti mu Europe. Kwa nthawi yaitali mankhwala amenewa anali yekhayo amene anthu otchuka ndi ufumu, ndi zaka 100 wakhala si kuchotsedwa m'dera Spanish. Patapita nthawi zipatso kunja komabe adayamba Zafalikira Europe, nthawi yomweyo kupeza mafani ndi connoisseurs.

nthawi ili yonse koko ntchito kupanga chakumwa chabwino. Only pamene nyemba afika Switzerland, ndi pastry m'dera chopangidwa olimba chokoleti bar. Koma kwa nthawi yaitali, goodies izi zinali kokha kwa anthu otchuka ndi olemera.

zambiri

koko mtengo ndi yobiriwira. Dzinali botanical - Theobromacacao. Pa msinkhu izo angafikire mamita 15, koma Zikatero n'zochepa. Nthawi zambiri, kutalika kwa mitengo si upambana mamita 8. Masamba lalikulu, chonyezimira, ndi mdima mtundu wobiriwira. Maluwa koko yaing'ono, mpaka 1 masentimita awiri, ndi phula ndi chikasu kapena wofiira kulocha. Iwo zili mwachindunji pa thunthu la mtengo pa petioles yaing'ono, peduncles. Zipatso amatha kulemera makilogalamu 0.5 mpaka 30 cm m'litali. The mawonekedwe iwo amafanana ndimu, pakati limene Tingaone mbewu za 3 cm yaitali. The zamkati chipatso n'kutheka kuti mbewu 50. Ngati timamasulira dzina la zomera ndi Latin, timapeza "chakudya cha milungu." Koko mtengo umakhala South America, Asia Southeast, Australia ndi ku West Africa.

Kulima mbewu - ndi ntchito molimbika, monga kusamalira ndi whimsical kwambiri. Zabwino ndi zonse fruiting amafuna kutentha ndi chinyezi nthawi zonse. kutenthaku imapezeka mu gulu yamphamvu. M'pofunikanso kudzala koko mtengo kudera limene silidzachotsedwa poyera kulongosola dzuwa. Padziko kufunika kukula mitengo, lomwe adzalenga mthunzi achilengedwe.

zikuchokera koko

Kusanthula zikuchokera koko akhoza kukhala nthawi yayitali kusamutsa zinthu ndi zinthu zili momwemo. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, ambiri akhala powasamalira chachikulu nyemba yaiwisi koko ndi consigning iwo otchedwa "superfudam". maganizo Izi anafufuza, ndi deta komaliza pano palibe wina amapereka.

zothandiza zimatha

Koko lili zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndiponso kufufuza zinthu zomwe kanthu pa thupi la munthu. Ena mwa iwo ndi yopindulitsa ena akhoza kuwononga.

Zochitika monga mafuta, chakudya, masamba mapuloteni, wowuma, organic zidulo ndi yopindulitsa kwa anthu thanzi. Mavitamini B, A, E, mchere, kupatsidwa folic acid - zonsezi ndi koyenera kuti uziyenda bwino za thupi lathu. Kumwa anapangidwa kuchokera ufa koko, mwangwiro malankhulidwe mwamsanga osabwereranso kumeneko mpaka zitanyowetsa. Mukhoza kumwa izi, ngakhale iwo amene ali pa chakudya, koma okha, ayenera kukhala chikho chimodzi patsiku.

Kumathandiza ndi chocolate, zimene zikuchokera ndi oposa 70% ya koko. Iye osati kuli ndi ubwino pa zotengera mtima ndi magazi, komanso kwambiri odana ndi oxidant (monga tiyi wobiriwira ndi maapulo).

Anthu amene zikugwira ntchito yambiri thupi, Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito nyemba amene akukonza mankhwala matenthedwe. Izi zili mwangwiro limabwezeretsa mphamvu ndi minofu. Komanso, Ndi bwino kuwonjezera chakudya othamanga amene akukumana masewera olimbitsa thupi.

contraindications

Koko ali osavomerezeka ntchito pa mimba. Chifukwa chake n'chakuti zinthu alipo zipatso za mtengo umenewu ziletsa kashiamu mayamwidwe. Ndipo amafotokozera izi ndi zofunika kwambiri mu kukula kwa mwana wosabadwayo. Choncho ndikofunikira kutenga tchuti zakudya zokhala yambiri koko, kapena kuchepetsa ntchito.

Komanso mu nyemba koko amaphatikizapo 0.2% tiyi kapena khofi. M'pofunika kuganizira kumayambiriro ngati mankhwala mu zakudya mwana chakudya.

Mitundu

Quality, kukoma ndi fungo la mankhwala kumadalira osati kokha pa zosiyanasiyana, komanso malo kumene kukula kwa mtengo koko. Komanso zinamukhudza yozungulira kutentha ndi chinyezi, nthaka ndi mvula.

"Forastero"

Ndi mtundu yotchuka kwambiri ya koko. Kupanga dziko ndi lili pa nambala 1 ndi 80% ya mbewu okwana. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mtengo wamango mofulumira ndi amapereka mkulu zonse mndandanda wa nyemba koko. Yopangidwa kuchokera ku zipatso za mtundu uwu chokoleti ali ndi kukoma pang'ono wowawasa ndi kuwawa khalidwe. Chimakula pa madera African, komanso ku Central ndi South America.

"Criollo"

The locus wa mtundu uwu - Mexico ndi ku Central America. Mitengo yotulutsa ndizochuluka koma kwambiri atengeke matenda ndi makhalidwe awo. Pa msika pali mpaka 10% a mtundu umenewu koko. Chocolate amapangidwa izo, ali ndi kukoma wosakhwima ndi wapadera kukoma slabogorkogo.

"Trinitario"

Iwo ayipanga mitundu akamagwira kudutsa "Criollo" ndi "Forastero". zipatso ndi chosatha kununkhira ndi koko mtengo wochepa atengeke matenda osiyanasiyana, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha imfa mbewu ndi sikutanthauza ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana kuchitira. Chifukwa chakuti zosiyanasiyana chasanduka kunja chifukwa cha kudutsa awiri yabwino mitundu ya chokoleti yopangidwa kuchokera ku izo, ali ndi kuwawa okoma ndi kukoma tsaya. Nakulitsa mtundu uwu mu Asia, Central ndi South America.

"National"

Koko nyemba za mitundu ndi wapadera zokhalitsa kununkhira. Komabe, mitengo kukula kovuta. Komanso, timakhala matenda. Choncho, kukumana mtundu wa koko pa maalumali kapena zikuchokera chokoleti akhoza kukhala osowa kwambiri. mitundu chakula America South.

Koko mu zodzoladzola

koko mafuta chifukwa katundu ndi lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito cosmetology. Kumene, ntchito m'munda uwu, izo ziyenera kukhala mkulu khalidwe ndi unrefined. Natural koko mafuta ali ndi lachikasu kirimu mtundu ndi kuwala khalidwe fungo la zipatso za lomwe anapanga. Chotero mankhwala olemera mu polysaccharides, mavitamini, masamba mapuloteni, chitsulo ndi zinthu zina zambiri. Iyenso ndi antioxidant mphamvu.

Nthawi zambiri koko mafuta ntchito masks, kenako khungu ndi zambiri kugonjetsedwa ndi dzuwa ndi ozizira. Natural limatsogolera kutentha mankhwala ukufika madigiri 34, chotero patsogolo ntchito usavutike mu madzi osamba. Khungu mosavuta zimatenga mafuta, kenako amakhala bwino hydrated. Komanso, kuthokoza kwa koko mafuta relieves kuyabwa, bwino khungu elasticity ndi Iyamba machiritso a zilonda zing'onozing'ono.

kupanga

Masiku ano, mwina, kuli kovuta kukumana ndi munthu amene sadziwa za chokoleti ndi koko. Monga ntchito Confectionery malonda, mankhwala ndi cosmetology, mankhwala mitengo mbe mu msika lonse, ndipo pali zimakhala mbali yaikulu ya zolowa ndi. Choncho, kupanga koko ndi bizinezi, zomwe zimabweretsa ndalama chaka chonse. Ichi ndi chifukwa mtengo ndi yobiriwira ndi kukula mu malo dzuwa ndi zopezeka, kutentha ndi chinyezi. M'chaka chimodzi kupita 3-4 kukolola.

Pambuyo ankafika mbande achinyamata zipatso adzawonekera m'chaka chachinayi cha moyo wa mtengowo. koko maluwa pachimake pa thunthu ndi nthambi wandiweyani, pali anapanga ndi okhwima nyemba. mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipatso pamene okonzeka kutenga mitundu yosiyanasiyana: bulauni, bulauni kapena amtundu wina.

Kukolola ndi processing

Koko zipatso kudula kwa thunthu ndi mpeni wakuthwa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo anatumiza kwa processing. Mu msonkhano wa zipatso kudula, kutenga nyemba, kufalitsa pa masamba nthochi komanso kuphimba pamwamba. Nayonso mphamvu akuyamba zimachitika kuti munthu masiku 1 mpaka 5. Pa nthawi imeneyi, koko nyemba analandira wosakhwima kukoma ndi kuwawa ndi asidi atachotsedwa.

ubwino Komanso analandira auma kwa masabata 1-1.5 ndi zonse oyambitsa 1 nthawi patsiku. Panthawi imeneyi, ayenera kutaya 7% chinyezi. Pambuyo atayanika ndi kusankha nyemba zimene zimakhala mu matumba zachilengedwe jute ndi kusungidwa kwa zaka zingapo.

Kodi kupanga koko ufa ndi mafuta koko

Mafuta koko zouma wokazinga zipatso ndi kutumizidwa pansi ndi atolankhani hayidiroliki. Chifukwa, izo masamba mafuta amene pambuyo processing ntchito makampani Confectionery kupanga chokoleti. Mafuta mkate ndi n'kukhala ngati ufa ndi sieved mu sefa. Choncho analandira koko ufa. Ndiye odzaza ndi kutumizidwa zogulitsa.