Nkhani ya A. P. Chekhov "The Dushechka": mwachidule ndi kusanthula ntchitoyi

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov analemba nkhani "Dushechka" mu 1899. Iye akutchula za kumapeto kwa ntchito za wolemba. Ndizochititsa chidwi kuti Chekhov a "Dushechka" nthawi yomweyo amachititsa kusanthula kozama m'mabuku. Mutu waukulu wa ntchito ndi chikondi. Munthu wamkulu yekha sakhala chabe chosowa, koma cholinga cha moyo. Ndipo ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti iye asalandire chikondi, koma kuti amupatse. Zomwezo ndizoti nthawi zonse mbiri ya kudzidzimva kwambiri maganizo a heroine akudzibwereza yokha. Zomwe zafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi zili ndi magawo anayi: chiwerengero cha zokhudzana ndi mtima pamoyo wa Olenka. M'munsimu muli chidule cha chilengedwe ichi.

Mawu ochepa okhudza khalidwe lalikulu

Olenka Plemyannikova, mwana wamkazi wa wophunzira pantchito wopuma pantchito, amakhala m'nyumba ndi bambo ake. Mkazi wamng'ono wa pinki yemwe ali ndi tsitsi loyera, manja onyoza, kuyang'ana mokoma ndi kumwetulira kokoma. Anthu ozungulira chikondi ndi msungwana wokongola. Aliyense amakonda izo mosasamala. Mukamalankhula naye, mukufuna kumgwira dzanja ndikumuuza kuti: "Wokondedwa!" Mu moyo wa Olenka nthawi zonse mumakonda kwambiri: poyamba adakondana ndi aphunzitsi a Chifalansa, ndiye adayamba kumusamalira bambo, ndipo azakhali ake omwe adamuyendera awiri Nthawi pachaka. Vuto ndilokuti achifundo ameneŵa amalowa m'malo mwawo. Koma Olenka sasamala, komanso anthu omwe amamuzungulira. Iwo amasangalatsidwa ndi naivete wa mtsikanayo, kudalirika kwake ndi kukoma mtima. Choncho amafotokoza heroine wake m'nkhani yakuti "Dushechka" Chekhov. Chidulechi chidzakuthandizani kupeza lingaliro la umunthu wa heroine. Chifaniziro chake chikutsutsana: pa dzanja limodzi, wapatsidwa mphatso ya chikondi chopanda kudzikonda. Choncho kupasuka mu theka lachiwiri amaperekedwa kutali kwa aliyense. Ndipo izi, ndithudi, zimapangitsa owerenga kulemekeza heroine. Komano, kumbali ina, zikuwonekera pamaso pathu zowonongeka ndi munthu wamphepo. Kutha kwathunthu kwa zofuna zauzimu, kusowa kwa malingaliro athu ndi malingaliro athu pa dziko lozungulira ife - zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti owerenga aziseka.

Kukin ndi chikondi choyamba cha Olenka

M'nyumba yayikulu ya amphongo pali munthu wina dzina lake Ivan Petrovich Kukin, wosamalira komanso wogulitsa malonda a "Tivoli". Nthawi zambiri Olenka amamuona m'bwalo. Kukin amangokhalira kudandaula za moyo. Kuchokera kwa iye kumangomva kokha: "Omvera tsopano ali achilengedwe ndi osadziwa. Kodi operetta yake ndi yotani? M'patseni chakudya! Palibe amene amapita. Ndipo mvula iyi usiku uliwonse! Ndipo ndimabwereka, ojambula amalipira malipiro. Kutaya kwakukulu. Ine ndawonongeka! "Olenka ndi chisoni kwambiri kwa iye. Koma, mu mtima mwake chikondi cha munthu uyu chimadzutsa. Chabwino, iye ndi woonda, waufupi ndipo amalankhula ndi mawu okondweretsa. Poganiza kwake, Kukin ndi msilikali amene amamenyana ndi mdani wake wamkulu tsiku ndi tsiku - wosadziwa anthu. Chisamaliro cha heroine chimasanduka kuti chigwirizane, ndipo pasanapite nthawi yaitali banja lidzakwatirana. Tsopano Olenka amagwira ntchito mwakhama kumsasa wa mwamuna wake. Iye, komanso iye, amatsutsa anthu, amalankhula za kufunika kwa luso mu moyo ndipo amapereka kwa ochita masewero. M'nyengo yozizira, zochitika za banjali zimapita bwino. Madzulo, Olenka akuimba Ivan Petrovich ndi tiyi ndi raspberries ndipo amawakulungira m'mabotete ofunda, akufunitsitsa kukonzanso thanzi la mwamuna wake. Mwamwayi, chisangalalo cha mwanayo chinali kanthawi kochepa: Kukin kumanzere ku Moscow kukatenga gulu latsopano ndikuchokapo mwadzidzidzi. Akuwotcha mwamuna wake, mtsikanayo adalira kwambiri. Zoona, sizinathe nthawi yaitali. Pa zomwe zinachitika kenako, tidzanena nkhani ya Chekhov "Dushechka." Padakali pano, tikuwona kuti heroine, yodzala ndi malingaliro a mwamuna wake, imakhala mthunzi wake ndikumveka. Makhalidwe ake enieni sanawonekere kukhalako. Ndi imfa ya mnzanu, mkazi amasowa tanthauzo la moyo.

Olenka akukwatiranso

Pamene Olenka, monga mwachizoloŵezi, anabwerera kunyumba, Vasily Andreyevich Pustovalov, yemwe ankathamangitsira malonda a malonda a Babakayev, anali naye. Anatsogolera mkazi kupita pachipata ndikuchoka. Kuyambira pamenepo, heroine wathu sanapeze malo ake. Posakhalitsa, mulu wa Pustovalov unawonekera kunyumba kwake. Achinyamata adasewera ukwati ndipo adayamba kukhala ndi moyo-amakhala mwamtendere ndi mgwirizano. Tsopano Olenka ankangotchula za nthaka yamapiri, mitengo ya mitengo, mavuto a kayendedwe kawo. Iye ankaganiza kuti iye nthawizonse ankachita izo. M'nyumba ya Pustovalov inali yotentha komanso yokoma, idamva chakudya chokongoletsera kunyumba. Okwatirana sanapite kulikonse, kumathera kumapeto kwa sabata pokhapokha ataguluzana. Pamene ena adalangiza "wokondedwa" kuti apite kumalo osangalatsa, adayankha kuti izi ndi ntchito yopanda kanthu osati kwa anthu ogwira ntchito. Mkaziyo atasowa, atachoka m'nkhalango, mkaziyo adatopa. Nthaŵi yake yopuma nthaŵi zina inalimbikitsidwa ndi wodwala wamagulu a zinyama Smirnin. Mwini wina mumzinda wina anasiya mkazi wake ndi mwana wake, zomwe sizinamulepheretse kucheza ndi akazi ena. Olenka anamunyodola ndipo adamulangiza mwamphamvu kuti aganizire bwino ndikuyanjanitsa ndi mkazi wake. Kotero zikanakhala kukhala chete banja losangalala "wokondedwa" kwa zaka zambiri, osati chifukwa chakufa kwa mwamuna wake. Vasily Andreitch anadabwa kwambiri ndipo anafa mwadzidzidzi. Olenka anayambiranso kulira kwambiri. Kodi wolembayo akufuna kutchula chiyani pamene akufotokozera chiphatikizo chachiwiri cha heroine, kodi n'chiyani chikuchititsa Chekhov pano? Moyo wawung'ono ndi mkazi wosadzikonda, wokhoza kumverera kwakukulu ndi kumverera. Zinthu zowakomera ndikuti mbiri ya chikondi chachikulu kumanda mu moyo wa heroine imabwerezedwa. Ndipo apa chinthu chomwecho: kuthetsa kusokonezeka mwa wokondedwa, kulumikiza mawu ake, banja losatha lachisangalalo ndi kutha kumvetsa.

Chifundo chatsopano cha heroine

Tsopano anthu ozungulira iye sanawone Olenka. Nthawi zina zimapezeka mu tchalitchi kapena m'msika wa ndiwo zophika. Koma posakhalitsa oyandikana nawo adawona chithunzichi pabwalo la nyumba: "wokondedwa" atakhala patebulo m'munda, ndipo pafupi ndi iye akumwa tiyi Smirnin. Chilichonse chinakhala bwino kuyambira pamene Olenka anadzidziwitsa mwachangu mnzanu pamasitomala za vuto loyambitsa mkaka kuchokera ku ng'ombe ndi mahatchi odwala. Kuyambira apo, mtsikanayo adangolankhula za mliri wa ng'ombe, za ngale ndi zambiri. Olenka ndi Smirn anayesetsa kusunga chibwenzicho. Komabe, zinawonekera kwa ena: chida chatsopano chinkaonekera mumtima mwa mkazi. Kodi Chekhov adzatiuzanji m'nkhani yake "Dushechka"? Chidule cha ntchitoyi chimakulolani kuti mumvetsetse ubale wa Olenka. Wolemba amapereka owerenga kuzindikira kumvetsa kwakukulu kwa heroine. Ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndi chitsanzo cha kubwereza kwa mkhalidwewo, zimasonyeza momwe zilili zochepa komanso zochepa. Zimakhala zomveka kwa ife momwe kumverera kwatsopano kunayambira mu mtima wa heroine. Ichi ndi chiyanjano chake chachitatu. Zosangalatsa, zikuwoneka kuti pakufika kwake, kulira kwakukulu kwa mkazi kumatuluka mwamsanga.

Olenka amakhala yekha

Koma osati kwa nthawi yaitali Olenka anali wokondwa ndipo nthawi ino. Posakhalitsa Smirnin anatumizidwa kupita kudziko lina lakutali, ndipo anachoka popanda kubweretsa wokondedwa wake. Mkaziyo anatsala yekha. Bambo ake anamwalira kale. Panalibe anthu apafupi pafupi. Masiku akuda anayamba Olenka. Amakula, amakula ndipo amakalamba. Anzanga, pamene iye anawoneka, amayesa kupita kumapeto ena a msewu kuti asakumane naye. Madzulo a chilimwe Olenka adakhala pa khonde, akuyesera kukumbukira zinthu zake zonse. Koma zikuwoneka kuti palibe. Zinkawoneka kwa iye kuti panalibe tanthawuzo m'moyo. Poyamba, amatha kufotokoza zonse, kukambirana za chirichonse. Tsopano, mu mtima mwake ndi malingaliro ake panalibe zopanda pake, kotero zinali zowawa komanso zowawa, ngati "adadya chowawa". Izi zinalongosola kusungulumwa kwa heroine m'nkhani yake Chekhov AP Dushechka amakhala pokhapokha atapereka chikondi kwa wokondedwa wake. Zikuwoneka kuti muyenera kudandaula ndi heroine, chifukwa akuvutika. Koma mlembiyo mwadala, tsopano akunyansidwa ndi maganizo a Olenka, amawawongolera m'mawu akuti: "ngati kuti chitsamba chowawa chidafota ...". Ndipo izi ndi zoona. Kenaka, tiwona momwe zithunzi mu moyo wa mkazi zimasinthira mofulumira kuchokera kukhumudwa kwathunthu ndi chisoni ku chimwemwe chenicheni.

Tanthauzo latsopano la moyo wa heroine

Chirichonse chinasintha mu kamphindi kamodzi. Anabwerera ku mzinda wa Smirnin pamodzi ndi mkazi wake komanso mwana wamwamuna wazaka khumi. Olenka mosangalala anamuitanira iye ndi banja lake kuti azikhala m'nyumba yake. Iye mwiniyo anasamukira ku phiko. Cholinga chatsopano chawonekera m'moyo wake. Anayenda mosangalala, atayikidwa m'bwalo. Kusintha kumeneku sikunatheke pamaso pa ena. Anzanga adamuwona kuti mkaziyo anali wamng'ono, wokongola kwambiri, wabwino. Zinadziwika kwa aliyense: "wokondedwa" wakale anabwerera. Ndipo izi zikutanthauza kuti mumtima mwake kachiwiri chikondi chatsopano. Kenaka, tiwona zomwe wokondedwa wa Chekhov wokondedwa Olenka adatenga pambuyo pake. Chifundo chake chomaliza ndi chitsanzo cha chikondi cha amayi , kudzipereka, kudzipereka kwa mwana wake. Mwinamwake, mkazi aliyense mu moyo wake ayenera kuzindikira chofunikira ichi chachilengedwe - kupereka chifundo ndi kutentha kwa ana. Tikukondwera kuti heroine wathu adachitika monga mkazi ndi mayi.

Maganizo a amayi pa moyo wa Olenka

Olenka ankakonda ndi mtima wake wonse Sasha - mwana wa Smirn. Mkazi wa kale wa veterinarian anachoka ku Kharkov pa bizinesi, iye mwiniyo anakhala masiku amatheratu kwinakwake, akuwoneka mochedwa usiku. Tsiku lonse mwanayo anali yekha m'nyumba. Zinkaoneka ngati Olenka kuti nthawi zonse anali ndi njala, makolo ake anamusiya. Anamutengera mnyamatayo kumalo ake ogona. Ndi chifundo chomwe mkaziyo anamuyang'ana, akum'perekeza ku masewera olimbitsa thupi. Momwe amamupatsira mwanayo, kumusamalira mosalekeza ndi maswiti. Sasha anachita ntchito zapakhomo ndi zosangalatsa zotani. Tsopano kuchokera kwa "wokondedwa" mumangomva za kuphunzira pa masewera olimbitsa thupi, mabuku, aphunzitsi ndi zina zotero. Olenka anaphulika ndi kuphulika. Mayi wina ankawopa kuti adzatengedwa mwadzidzidzi kwa Sasha wokondedwa wake. Ndi mantha amtundu wanji amene amamvetsera akugogoda pachipata? Nanga bwanji ngati iyi ndi telegalamu yochokera kwa mayi wa mnyamata amene amafunsira yekha? Pa mphindi yosathayi, Chekhov amatha ntchito yake. "Darling", kufufuza ndi kufotokozera komwe kumaperekedwa pano, ndi nkhani yokhudza chikondi chopanda kudzidzimtima chomwe chimapezeka nthawi zambiri m'moyo wathu, ponena za mawonetseredwe ake ena opusa komanso opanda pake. Chinthu chachikulu mu heroin ndikutengeka mtima kosatha ndikutentha, kusamalira komanso kusamalira. Zosangalatsa komanso zopanda pake poyerekeza ndi iye, osankhidwa ake. Iye ndi wonyenga yekha pa gawo limenelo, pamene iye akulandira kwathunthu njira yawo ya moyo ndi malingaliro awo pa zenizeni. Kokha kumapeto kwa chikondi cha mayi ake kumakhala kokongola kwambiri. Mu chithunzi chake, amayi ambiri amadzizindikira okha.

Ife tinalongosola ndi kusanthula nkhani ya Chekhov "Dushechka," inatsatira momwe mkazi wa bourgeois wapafupi akukhala weniweni wa Chekhov.