Potumiza chipangizo, ntchito nthawi. Internal injini kuyaka: limagwirira mpweya kufalitsidwa

yogawa mpweya limagwirira galimoto - mmodzi wa limagwirira zovuta kwambiri kapangidwe engine. Management wa kudya ndi utsi mavavu, ndi mkati kuyaka injini lagona kwathunthu nthawi ya. Limagwirira akulamulira ndondomeko chodzaza yamphamvu kusakaniza mafuta mpweya kudzera kutsegula yake ya valavu wambiri pa zakudya sitiroko. Komanso, asaaonerera pa nthawi kale kuchotsa mpweya utsi chipinda kuyaka mkati - izo zimatsegula utsi vavu mu utsi sitiroko.

nthawi chipangizo

Tsatanetsatane wa nthawi amagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana:

• The camshaft chimatsegula ndi kutseka mavavu lapansi.
• Kuyendetsa limagwirira amachititsa camshaft kusuntha pa liwiro zina.
• Mavavu poyera ndi kutseka polowera ndi kubwereketsa ngalande.

Mbali yaikulu ndi nthawi camshaft ndi mavavu. Makina kapena kugawa, kutsinde ndi membala amene cams ndi anakonza. Iye lotengeka ndi imazungulira mayendedwe. Pa nthawi ya madyedwe sitiroko kapena utsi cams oyenerera pa kutsinde pa kasinthasintha mwamtundu motsutsa lifters valavu.

limagwirira nthawi ili pa mutu yamphamvu. Mutu yamphamvu ali camshaft ndi mayendedwe kwa iye, rocker, mavavu ndi valavu lifters. Mbali chapamwamba mutu chatsekedwa vavu chipewa, kolowera amene anachita ntchito chisindikizo wapadera.

Ukugwirira ntchito ya nthawi

ntchito nthawi ndi maloboti kwathunthu ndi poyatsira ndi mafuta jekeseni. Mwachidule, pamene inu tilimbikire mpweya ngo chikuyamba ndi fulumizitsa, zakudya mpweya otaya mu zakudya zobwezedwa. Chifukwa ndi kusakaniza mafuta mpweya. Pambuyo kuti wayamba limagwirira mpweya kufalitsidwa. Nthawi kumawonjezera matulukidwe ndi kubala mpweya utsi chipinda kuyaka. Bwino kuchita ntchito imeneyi, m'pofunika kuti pafupipafupi ndi amene amatsegula polowera ndipo utsi vavu nthawi, mkulu.

Mavavu ndi actuated wogulitsa galimoto kutsinde. Pamene injini liwiro ukuwonjezeka, akuyamba atembenuza mofulumira ndi camshaft, amene kumawonjezera pafupipafupi kutsegula ndi kutseka mavavu. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa injini liwiro, n'kubwerera kwa izo.

Osakaniza ndi crankshaft ndi camshaft chimathandiza kuwotcha mkati kuyaka injini ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya mafuta osakaniza chimene chili chofunika ntchito injini mu mode anapatsidwa.

Katundu nthawi, unyolo ndi lamba

Camshaft pulley galimoto kunja mutu yamphamvu. Pofuna kupewa mafuta kutayikira zinachitika pa khosi la kutsinde ili England. Nthawi dera amachititsa lonse vavu limagwirira imaikidwa mu malo ndi mbali imodzi ndi sprocket lotengeka kapena pulley, ndi zina transmits namkwatule crankshaft lapansi.

Kuyambira mavavu lamba pagalimoto zimadalira Kamangidwe lolondola ndiponso zogwirizana wa crankshaft ndi camshaft wachibale wina ndi mzake. Ngakhale zolakwika yaing'ono pamalo mwina chifukwa chakuti nthawi, injini ya adzalephera.

Amaona yodalirika unyolo kufala ntchito nthawi wodzigudubuza, koma pali mavuto ena ndi chofunika mlingo lamba mavuto. The vuto lalikulu anakumana ndi madalaivala, amene Ndi mmene kwa limagwirira unyolo, kumakhaladi lotseguka, zomwe zimachititsa kupinda mavavu.

Mwa zinthu zina za limagwirira komanso nthawi wodzigudubuza ntchito maganizo lamba. The kuipa kwa nthawi unyolo galimoto, kuwonjezera pa kulephera pangozi komanso mkulu mlingo wa phokoso pa ntchito ndi kusintha lililonse makilomita 50-60 zikwi.

vavu zida ulalo

Kamangidwe ka limagwirira vavu zikuphatikizapo mpando valavu, chitsogozo wamanja, kasinthasintha wa limagwirira valavu ndi zinthu zina. The namkwatule camshaft ndi imafalikira ndi ndodo kapena mungafike - rocker dzanja kapena rocker.

Kawiri kawiri mutha kupeza zitsanzo zomwe amafuna kusintha nthawi zonse. machenjerero oterewa ndi washers wapadera ndi zomangira, ndi kasinthasintha amene anasonyeza pa clearances kutero. Nthawi zina mipata ikutsatiridwa mu mode zodziwikiratu: Sinthani malo awo anapanga hydrojacks.

nthawi kulamulira sitepe

Modern zitsanzo injini akhala akukonza ndi kusintha kwambiri, ndi makina atsopano kulamulira, zomwe ndi zochokera microprocessors - otchedwa ECU. M'munda wa injini Cholinga chachikulu sanali kokha kuonjezera mphamvu komanso mayunitsi mphamvu ndalama umatulutsa.

Kusintha injini ntchito ntchito, pamene kuchepetsa mafuta, izo zinali zotheka ntchito nthawi machitidwe kulamulira. Engine ndi madongosolo otero osati amadya zochepa mafuta, koma sasiya mphamvu, moti anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ambiri kupanga galimoto.

Mfundo ntchito machitidwe oterewa ndi kuti iwo kulamulira liwiro kasinthasintha wa camshaft nthawi. Ndipotu, mavavu ali kutsegulidwa pang'ono kale chifukwa chakuti camshaft imazungulira motsogozedwa kasinthasintha. Ndithudi, injini ano camshaft salinso imazungulira wachibale kwa crankshaft ndi liwiro zonse.

Ntchito yaikulu ndi kudzazidwa kothandiza kwambiri olimbana zonenepa malingana anasankha mode ake a ntchito. madongosolo otero kuyan'ana mkhalidwe osakaniza injini ndi kudya zolondola mafuta: Mwachitsanzo, kusakhala ndi chochita buku ake yafupika pafupifupi asatayike, kuyambira wambiri mafuta zifunika.

nthawi

Malinga kapangidwe ka injini galimoto ndi camshaft makamaka chiwerengero ndi mtundu wa abulusa zosiyanasiyana.

• Unyolo pagalimoto. Chinachake kale pagalimoto uyu anali ambiri Komabe, ndipo tsopano ntchito mu nthawi ya injini dizilo. Ndi nyumba imeneyi, ndi camshaft ili mu mutu yamphamvu, ndipo gululi ndi yotengeka ndi galimoto unyolo ku pinion lapansi. The sangathe wa pagalimoto ichi - kuipidwa ndondomeko m'malo lamba, chifukwa ili mkati injini kuti kukwaniritsa kondomu nthawi zonse.
• Zida pagalimoto. Wokwera pa mathirakitala ndi injini ya magalimoto ena. odalirika kwambiri, koma ndi kovuta kuti akhalebe. A camshaft wa limagwirira ili pansipa chipika yamphamvu, umene camshaft zida uthina zida crankshaft. Ngati nthawi ya mtundu uwu kubwera ziyambe kukonzedwa, injini linasinthidwa pafupifupi mwathunthu.
• Lamba pagalimoto. Mtundu wotchuka kwambiri waikidwa pa powertrains petulo m'galimoto anthu.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa galimoto lamba

Lamba galimoto ali kutchuka kwake chifukwa ubwino poyerekeza ndi mitundu chimodzimodzi abulusa.

• Ngakhale kuti ulimi wa nyumba ngati zovuta kuposa unyolo ndalama mtengo kwambiri.
• Izo sikutanthauza kondomu nthawi zonse, kotero kuti galimoto wakhala oletsa mbali lakunja la unit mphamvu. Kuchotsa nthawi ndi matenda chifukwa cha kwambiri akamasuke.
• Popeza mbali zitsulo lamba Kuyendetsa osati kucheza ndi mnzake unyolo, phokoso mlingo pa ntchito utachepa kwambiri.

Ngakhale ambiri ubwino, ndi lamba galimoto ndi kuipa kwake. ntchito nthawi lamba ndi kangapo wotsika kuposa unyolo zimene zimachititsa pafupipafupi m'malo. Pankhani ya lamba breakage zikuoneka kuti kuchita kukonza injini lonse.

Zotsatira za kuswa kapena chifooke lamba nthawi

Ngati yopuma unyolo nthawi, ukuwonjezeka mlingo phokoso pa ntchito engine. Ambiri, mosavuta sichikwiya chifukwa cha chinachake impracticable mawu kukonzedwa, mosiyana ndi lamba nthawi. Pamene kwambiri kumasula lamba ndi akulumphalumpha pa dzino zida ndi kusokonezeka pang'ono ntchito wabwinobwino wa asilikali onse ndi kachitidwe. Chifukwa, izi kungakhale kuchepetsa mphamvu injini, kuchuluka kugwedera pa ntchito, zovuta kuphedwa. Ngati lamba yomweyo analumphira mu mano pang'ono kapena kwathunthu ong'ambika, zotsatira zake zingakhale sizimadziwika kwambiri.

Njira kwambiri vuto lililonse - ndi zipolowe za pisitoni ndi valavu. zimakhudza mphamvu adzakhala chokwanira pa kupinda valavu. Nthawi zina zokwanira kupinda ndodo kapena chiwonongeko chotheratu cha pisitoni lapansi.

Imodzi mwa zolephera lalikulu la galimoto wathyoka nthawi lamba. injini ndiye kuti mwina poyera kukonzanso lalikulu kapena kukonzanso wathunthu.

Service nthawi lamba

Mlingo wa mavuto lamba ndi chikhalidwe wonse - mmodzi wa kaŵirikaŵiri kufufuzidwa pa zinthu galimoto yokonza. Pafupipafupi loyang'anira zimadalira wodzipangitsa makamaka ndi chitsanzo cha makina. Kayendesedwe Control NTHAWI lamba mavuto: injini anayendera, chivundikiro zoteteza atachotsedwa lamba, inatuluka yotsirizira mayesero kwa kupiringiza. Pa mpheto izi zilibe atembenuza oposa 90 madigiri. Apo ayi, lamba ndi omangika mothandizidwa ndi zipangizo zina zapadera.

kangati ndi m'malo a lamba nthawi?

Complete m'malo mwa lamba zilipo iliyonse makilomita 50-70 zikwi za kutha kwa galimoto. Iwo amachita ndi zambiri pa nkhani ya kuwonongeka kapena maonekedwe a kuda stratification ndi ming'alu.

Malinga mtundu ndi kuvuta nthawi kusintha lamba m'malo ndondomeko. Pakali pano, mitundu iwiri ya nthawi ntchito magalimoto - ndi awiri (DOHC) kapena munthu (SOHC) camshafts.

m'malo nthawi

Kuti agwire m'malo a nthawi lamba mtundu SOHC, zokwanira ndi pa dzanja gawo latsopano, komanso screwdrivers ndi makiyi.

Cakutoma bulusa mlandu zoteteza ndi lamba. Iye ananamizira kapena pa latch kapena bawuti. Pambuyo kuchotsa chivundikiro amapereka mwayi kwa lamba.

Musanayambe kumasula lamba, anaikapo mudapholiwa nthawi pa camshaft sprocket ndi crankshaft. Pa crankshaft zipsera anayikidwa pa flywheel lapansi. Cranks mpaka chizindikiro nthawi pa flywheel nyumba ndipo agwirizana ndi mzake. Ngati zizindikiro zonse lifanane ndi mzake, anayamba kumasula ndi kuchotsa lamba.

Pofuna kuchotsa lamba ku pinion kutsinde kolenchatnogo, muyenera dismantle nthawi pulley. Chifukwa chaichi, galimoto jacking ndipo anachotsa gudumu bwino kuti amapereka mwayi kwa pulley bawuti. Ena mwa iwo ndi mabowo kudzera zimene mungathe logwirana ndi crankshaft. Ngati iwo satero, ndiye kutsinde chili mu malo amodzi, atakhala mu flywheel mphete screwdriver ndi zikutsimikizira kuti mu thupi. Kenako, pulley atachotsedwa.

Mabwinja lamba nthawi amadziwa lotseguka, ndipo ndinu wokonzeka kuchotsa ndi m'malo. The kuvala watsopano pa zida crankshaft kenako uthina mpope madzi, ndipo ankavala pa camshaft sprocket. Pakuti tensioning pulley lamba anatsogolera mu kukhota lomaliza. Ndipotu, inu mukhoza kubwerera zinthu kuika mu dongosolo iwowo. Kokha kumangitsa lamba ntchito tensioner.

Asanayambe injini, ndi zofunika kuti atembenuza ndi crankshaft kangapo. Ichi onani mwangozi wa zolemba ndi pambuyo kasinthasintha wa m'dzenjewo. Pokhapokha kuti injini anayamba.

Features a ndondomeko nthawi lamba m'malo

Pa magalimoto ndi DOHC dongosolo nthawi lamba m'malo mwa pang'ono mosiyana. Zinthu zonse za kusintha mfundo ndi ofanana kuti tafotokozazi, koma kupeza izo pa makina amenewa n'kovuta kwambiri chifukwa pali lokhazikika kwa akapichi zoteteza chimakwirira.

Mu ndondomeko ya zizindikiro mayikidwe tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kamera limagwirira awiri, motero, pa zolemba zonse tiyenera mwamalunji.

Mu galimoto, kuwonjezera pa wodzigudubuza Chiongoko, ndipo ali ndi thandizo wodzigudubuza. Komabe, ngakhale pamaso pa wodzigudubuza chachiwiri, lamba ndi kuika pa wodzigudubuza Chiongoko ndi tensioner mu kukhota atsopano.

Pambuyo lamba watsopano waikidwa, atsimikizire chizindikiro litsatidwe.

Imodzi ndi lamba ndi odzigudubuza m'malo ine monga ntchito n'chimodzimodzi yaitali. Komanso m'pofunika kufufuza chikhalidwe cha mayendedwe madzi mpope kuti pambuyo pa ndondomeko unsembe mbali yatsopano nthawi kulephera ya mpope sichikwiya ndi anadabwa zosasangalatsa.