Nyanja ya Africa. Nyanja Yaikulu ya ku Africa. Nyanja yakuya kwambiri ku Africa

Madzi amadzi a ku Africa akuphatikizapo nyanja zazikuru ndi zakuya padziko lapansi. Ambiri a iwo ndi a Great African Lakes, omwe akugwirizana ndi Nile.

Pano pali mndandanda wamadzi ku Africa.

1. Victoria.
2. Tanganyika.
3. Malawi (Nyasu).
4. Albert.
5. Edward.

Izi, ndithudi, si nyanja zonse za ku Afrika, koma ndizokulu kwambiri. Mndandanda wonsewu uli ndi maudindo 14.

Koma mwachindunji ku chiwerengero cha Akuluakulu, ojambula malo ambiri amaphatikizapo nyanja zotsatirazi za Africa: Victoria, Edward ndi Albert. Chifukwa ndi okhawo omwe ali ndi chilengedwe chachilengedwe ku White Nile. Nyanja ya Tanganyika imatuluka mumadzi a Congo, ndipo nyanja ya Malawi ikugwirizana ndi mtsinje wa Zambezi. Nyanja zonse za ku Africa (zojambula pansipa) zili ndi malo okongola kwambiri.

Nyanja Victoria

Ili ndi danga lalikulu. Ndi kukula kwake kuli kofanana ndi kukula kwa dziko lonse, mwachitsanzo, Ireland. Mphepete mwa nyanjayi muli malire pa nthawi yomweyo ku mayiko angapo a ku Africa: Uganda, Kenya ndi Tanzania.

Chigawo chonse cha Nyanja Victoria chimayerekeza ndi makilomita 68,000 ² . Kutalika kwake kwa madzi ndi 320 km, ndipo m'lifupi kwambiri ndi 275 km. Victoria akutanthauza madzi amodzi apadziko lapansi. Chimake chapafupi ndi mamita 80. Chigwirizano chake chobwezeretsa madziwo ndi madzi abwino ndi Kagera. Victoria, nayenso, amapita ku mtsinje wa Victoria wa Nile.

Tsopano nyanjayi ndi gombe. Mkhalidwe umenewu unapezedwa pambuyo pa kukonzedwa mu 1954 ku Dam Owen Falls, yomwe inatseka mtsinje wa Victoria Nile. Chifukwa cha zochitika zoterezi, msinkhu wa madzi wachilengedwe unakwera mamita atatu.

Zilumba zambiri zomwe zimabalalitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi zimakhala nyumba ya mbalame zosiyanasiyana. Madzi a m'nyanjayi akungokhala ndi ng'ona. Malo omwe azungulira Victoria amatenga malo ambiri otetezera zachilengedwe komanso mapiri a ku Africa.

Nyanja Tanganyika

Tanganyika si yaikulu kwambiri, komanso nyanja yakuya kwambiri ku Africa. Madzi ochulukirapo m'sungiramoyi amakafika makilomita 1,432, omwe ndi otsika pang'ono kwa Baikal wotchuka. Kutalika kwa nyanjayi ndi kilomita 650, ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi kilomita 80.

Mtsinje wa Tanganyika umakhala malire ku maiko anayi kamodzi: Burundi, Tanzania, Congo ndi Zambia. Kubwezeretsanso kwa madzi a m'nyanjayi ndi chifukwa cha mitsinje ingapo ikuyenda mmenemo. Koma Tanganyika ndiye gwero la mtsinje wa Lukuga.

Nyanja ya Tanganyika ili ndi anthu ambiri. Pano pali mvuu, pali ng'ona. Mbalame zambiri zinasankha kukhala malo osatha. M'madzi muli nsomba zambiri.

Nyanja Malawi (Nyasa)

Nyanja ya Nyasa kapena Malawi ndi yaitali komanso yopapatiza, ngati mukuyang'ana kuchokera pamwamba. Koma izi sizimamulepheretsa kutenga malo achiwiri mu mndandanda wa nyanja zakuya ku Africa. Mphepete mwa nyanja ya Malawi ndi gawo la malire a mayiko atatu a ku Africa: Malawi, Mozambique ndi Tanzania. Madzi a m'nyanja iyi ali ndi nsomba zambiri: pali tilapia, campango ndi ena. Choncho, m'mphepete mwa nyanja muli malo ambiri osodza. Nsomba ndi gawo lofunikira lachuma.

Mbali ya nyanja ya nyanja, yomwe ili ndi Malawi, ili ndi chitukuko chokopa alendo. Madzi osasinthasintha a Nyasa ndi otetezeka kwambiri paulendo, adzalandira chilakolako komanso amakonda kukwera njuchi, ndi kusewera kwa madzi.

Anayimilidwa ndi nyanja zazikulu ku Africa, zomwe zili m'gulu la Great African Lakes. Komanso mudzadziwana ndi ena odziwika bwino, koma ang'onoang'ono m'magombe a m'derali.

Lake Albert

Ili kum'mawa kwa Africa, pamalire a mayiko awiri : Congo ndi Uganda. Chigawo chonsecho ndi makilomita 5,600. Mphepete mwa nyanjayi muli malo ang'onoang'ono, malo am'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi otsika kwambiri.

Nyanja ya Albert ili ndi zidole zambiri, koma zimanyamula madzi nthawi yamvula. Mitsinje ikuluikulu ikuyenda mkati mwake, ziwiri zokha ndi zazikulu: Victoria-Nile ndi Semliki. Pamsonkhanowu amapanga ma deltas akuluakulu, omwe amakhala malo abwino kwambiri a ng'ona ndi mvuu zambiri. Madzi akumadzi akumverera otetezeka apa. Nyanja ndi gwero la Mtsinje wa Albert Nile.

Pali mitundu yambiri ya nsomba mu dziwe (zoposa 40). Izi ndi nsomba za tiger, nsomba ya Nile ndi zina zambiri. Komanso kutumiza kotsika kwambiri. Maiko akuluakulu ndi doko la Butia, lomwe lili ndi Uganda, ndi Kasenyi, doko lalikulu la Republic of Congo.

Mphepete mwa chilumbachi, chomwe chili ndi Uganda, chili ndi chitukuko chabwino kwambiri cha alendo: pali maulendo osiyanasiyana, maulendo ozungulira akavalo amaperekedwa.

Lake Edward

Ili mkatikatikati mwa Africa, makilomita ochepa okha kuchokera ku mzere wofanana. Ndilo malire a mayiko awiri: Uganda ndi Republic of the Congo.

Dzina losavuta mwachilendo ilo analandiridwa kulemekeza mwana wamwamuna wamkulu wa banja lachifumu la Edward VII.

Pali chinthu chimodzi chosazolowereka chomwe chimapangitsa nyanjayi kukhala yachilendo kwambiri. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zochepa kwambiri m'madzi otentha ku Africa, kumene kulibe ming'oma. Zinyama zambirizi zimakhala ku Lake Albert ndi kumunsi kwa Semliki, koma pazifukwa zosadziwika sizilowa muno.

Nyanja yayikulu ku Africa

Mndandanda umayendetsedwa ndi Nyanja Victoria, yomwe ili ndi malo oposa 68,000 km ² . Pa malo achiwiri pakati pa nyanja zazikulu za dziko lapansi ndi Nyanja Tanganyika. Malo a gombeli ali ndi makilomita 34,000 ² . Zitatu zitatu zatsekedwa ndi Nyanja ya Nyasa (Malawi). Malo ake ali pafupifupi 30,000 km ² .

Koma si nyanja zonse ku Africa, zomwe ziri pakati pa matupi ake akuluakulu.

Nyanja ya Chad

Ichi ndi nyanja yachinayi yayikulu kwambiri ku Africa. Malo a gombeli ndi 27,000 km ² , koma phindu ili siliri lokhazikika. Nthawi yamvula, imatha kuwonjezeka kufika 50,000 km ² , ndipo nthawi yamvula imatha kuchepa kufika 11,000 km ² .

Nyanja ilibe madzi, kotero madzi amangouluka kapena kuchoka mu nthaka yamchenga. Mkhalidwe wa nyengo yozizira kwambiri ya dzikoli ndi madzi otere, madzi m'nyanja ayenera kukhala amchere. Koma Chad ili pafupifupi nyanja yonse. Madzi ake apamwamba amamwa mowa, koma pansi pake pamakhala mchere pang'ono. Koma bwanji osamwa madzi akusakaniza? Yankho ndi lophweka kwambiri. Kumpoto chakum'maŵa kwa nyanja muli beseni ya Baudela, yomwe ili pansi pake. Dziwe limagwirizanitsidwa ndi mtsinje pansi, pomwe madzi amchere a pansi amachoka.

Chad ndi mbalame zambiri. Mitundu ya mapiri ndi ma flaming amabwera kuno m'nyengo yozizira. Zinyama zambiri zimakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Awa ndi mbidzi, masisitomala, ndi mapiri. Mungathe kulembetsa motalika kwambiri. Pano mungapeze chilombo cha m'nyanja cha manatee. Mpaka tsopano, sizingatheke kuti adzipeza yekha m'nyanja yatsopanoyi.

Awa ndi nyanja zazikulu ku Africa. Madzi ena ali ndi malo ang'onoang'ono.

Ntchito yopanga Nyanja Yaikulu

Ndipo iwo anawonekera chifukwa cha otchedwa Great Rifts. Chigwacho chimakhala ngati bedi la malo ambiriwa. Nyanja zazikulu zinayamba kudzaza madzi pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo atangopanga.

Nyanja yamtunda ikhoza kukhala yaying'ono kapena yayikulu, yopanda kanthu, kapena, mosiyana, imakhala yozama kwambiri, koma chinthu chokha chomwe chiwagwirizanitsa ndizolemba zawo. Nyanja zonse zopangidwa motere zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyana, omwe amatsimikiziridwa ndi ndondomeko za ziphuphu.