Hypercholesterolemia - izo ... anaukitsa mafuta. banja hypercholesterolemia

anthu 200 miliyoni mu dziko, kuyambira Ulaya, US, kutsiriza ndi Asia ndi Africa, amuna - 65% akazi - 35%. zonsezi zotsatira za polojekiti malo kafukufuku pa chiwerengero cha anthu odwala hypercholesterolemia lonse.

Kodi matenda?

Poyankha funso limeneli, zinthu zonse ndi madokotala umodzi: hypercholesterolemia - ndi chikhalidwe magazi ndi milingo kwambiri mafuta, kapena, mwa kulankhula kwina - chinthu mafuta ngati.

Mafuta - ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo za nembanemba selo. M'pofunika kapangidwe zidulo ya ndulu, popanda zomwe n'zosatheka chimbudzi wabwinobwino, afika ife mu thupi ndi chakudya, ndipo opangidwa ndi chiwindi wathu. Ndi iwo anapanga kugonana ndi mahomoni adrenal. M'nkhaniyi tiona chimene chili pamwamba mafuta ndi zomwe zimayambitsa matenda.

Zimayambitsa matenda ochuluka mafuta m'thupi

Kodi mkulu mafuta? Zifukwa akhoza kukhala osiyana kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, munthu wa mitima cholowa thunthu mu thupi ndi mkulu-kalori chakudya. Chifukwa okhutira mkulu wa mafuta mu mafuta chakudya anakaika pa Mitsempha, chifukwa mu mapangidwe mipukutuyi amene amachepetsa kayendedwe ka magazi, potero kukula chiopsezo mtima kapena matenda opha ziwalo. Posachedwapa, chifukwa cha milandu kutupikana matenda a hypercholesterolemia. Komanso, chifukwa ponso mankhwala akhoza kusintha kwa timadzi ta m'thupi ndi mantha.

Kwenikweni ndi matenda otengera kwa makolo. Pankhaniyi, mitengo mafuta ali kwambiri ndi chibadwa zotsimikizika. Banja Hypercholesterolemia - matenda amene amayamba ndi chilema losokonekera udindo kabisidwe kapangidwe cholandilira ndi kugwirira ntchito kwa apoproteidam B / E. Anthu akuvutika heterozygous banja hypercholesterolemia mawonekedwe (1 mtima pa anthu 350-500) ukugwira theka la B / E cholandilira, kotero mlingo ndi chinawonjezeka pafupifupi nthawi (mpaka 12.9 mmol / l). zinthu zenizeni chiopsezo cha isanayambike hypothyroidism amaonedwa, kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yaitali mankhwala (steroids okodzetsa, etc.), ndi shuga.

zizindikiro

Chinyengo lalikulu ndi mawu akuti konkire zizindikiro za munthu kuganiza. Popanda kusintha njira ya moyo, wodwala amangokhala sangamvetsere kwa zizindikiro. Pa nthawi iyi mu magazi kumawonjezera mlingo wa mafuta m'thupi. Ngati kwa nthawi yaitali anapitiriza ntchito amphamvu, kuyambira zizindikiro hypercholesterolemia adzakhala motere:

• Xanthoma - kachulukidwe okwanira wa tinatake tozungulira pa tendons.
• Xanthelasma - kuwonekera mafuta subcutaneous pansi zikope za. Izi mfundo wandiweyani a mtundu wachikasu, amene ali ovuta kusiyanitsa ochokera m'madera ena khungu.
• Lipoic Arc corneas - mafuta bezel (loyera kapena grayish-woyera).

Mu atherosclerosis, amene amayamba ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi, limba kuwononga zizindikiro kale linkatchulidwa ndipo kwambiri unakula.

mitundu ya mayesero

Hypercholesterolemia - chizindikiro, limasonyeza yekha zasayansi ndi mayeso wapadera magazi. Pali mitundu iwiri ya mayesero - mbiri maganizo ndi zasayansi kufufuza. Nawonso, amagwiritsidwa ogaŵikana mitundu ingapo, amene tikukambirana pansipa.

mbiri maganizo

1. Analysis zambiri zokhudza matenda ndi madandaulo a. Ndi pamene xanthomas anapezeka xanthelasma, lipoid Arc wa diso lapansi.
2. Analysis mfundo moyo. Zafotokozedwa mafunso matenda wodwalayo komanso abale ake, kulankhula ndi nthumwi za matenda.
3. Kupenda thupi. N'zotheka kuti muone xanthoma xanthelasma. Iwo akhoza kuthamanga wolumikizira.

Laboratory kusanthula pa mafuta

1. Mkodzo ndi magazi. Izo ziyenera kuchitidwa kudziwa kutupa.
2. Amuzolengedwa kusanthula. Choncho kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndi mapuloteni, creatinine, asidi uric. Zotsatira kupereka uthenga kugonjetsedwa mwina matupi.
3. Lipidogram - njira chachikulu matenda. Iwo anayesedwa kwa mafuta m'thupi-zamadzimadzi, kapena ngati iwo amatchedwa mafuta monga mankhwala. Ndi chiyani icho? Pali mitundu iwiri ya lipids - zimene zimachititsa chitukuko cha atherosclerosis (proatherogenic) ndi kulepheretsa (lipoproteins). Pamene chiŵerengero awo kuchita masamu atherogenic china. Ngati ndi apamwamba kuposa 3, chiopsezo atherosclerosis.
4. Immunoassay. phunziro Kudziwa kuchuluka kwa chitetezo m'magazi. Izi mapuloteni zapadera zimene zimapangidwa ndi thupi ndi angathe kuwononga zinthu zakunja.
5. Chibadwa. Iwo imachitika kwa kudziwika majini ali ndi mfundo cholowa, amene ali ndi udindo chitukuko cha HIV hypercholesterolemia.

Matenda amene amagwirizana ndi hypercholesterolemia

Zizindikiro za matenda mwina zimakhudza moyo wa munthu, ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali kukhala wosaoneka. Komabe, likunena kuwuka mafuta amachititsa mavuto aakulu. Iwo kumaonjezera ngozi ya matenda oopsa ambiri ndi zosokonezeka. Zikuphatikizapo: atherosclerosis wa malekezero a m'munsi, gallstones, sitiroko, aneurysm, matenda kukumbukira, matenda ischemic mtima, m'mnyewa wamtima infarction, sitiroko. Mkulu mafuta kwambiri complicates zochizira matenda oopsa ndi shuga. Onse a matenda amenewa ndi chikuchititsa mavuto a mlingo mkulu imfa mu dziko. Madokotala akuda nkhawa kwambiri ndi kupeza njira bwino kuchepetsa mlingo mafuta m'magazi ngati imodzi mwa nkhalango zimene zingathandize kuchepetsa amafa.

zotsatira

dotolo aliyense angakuuzeni kuti ngati pali magazi mafuta kuchuluka, zotsatira zake akutsogolereni tsogolo zosiyanasiyana zosokonezeka. Iwo ankaona atherosclerosis chachikulu (matenda aakulu) - asindikize mtsempha wamagazi makoma ndi kuchepetsa wa lumen, amene zingachititse kuti kusokonezeka kwa kotunga magazi. Malinga mmene nsupa anakonza munali atherosclerotic zolengeza, mitundu akutali a matenda:

1. Kung'ambika atherosclerosis - kumabweretsa yaitali kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndipo amalimbikitsa mapangidwe matenda a mtima: kuchepetsa ndi insufficiency (kulephera kuteteza magazi aziyenda) wa valavu kung'ambika.
2. Atherosclerotic matenda a mtima (inatsekeratu mtsempha wamagazi matenda) kumabweretsa chitukuko cha matenda monga:

• m'mnyewa wamtima infarction (imfa ya minofu mtima chifukwa cha kutha kwa magazi kwa izo);
• osasamba kugunda;
• zopindika mtima (matenda structural mtima);
• mtima insufficiency (osauka magazi okwanira ziwalo mu malo ampumulo ndi katundu, amene nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi stasis magazi);
• atherosclerosis mu ubongo - impairs tcheru, ndipo pamene kwathunthu kutsekereza chotengeracho kumayambitsa matenda opha ziwalo (oziziritsa gawo imfa);
• Atherosclerosis a mitsempha mu impso, chifukwa cha matenda oopsa;
• Atherosclerosis a mitsempha ya zingachititse matumbo matumbo infarction;
• atherosclerosis a m'munsi malekezero chifukwa mu claudication likukulira.

zosokonezeka

Atherosclerosis ali mitundu iwiri ya mavuto: aakulu ndi pachimake. Chifukwa, choyamba atherosclerotic zolengeza akutitsogolera kuti kuchepetsa wa lumen chotengera. Popeza mipukutuyi anapanga m'malo pang'onopang'ono, kumakhaladi ischemia aakulu zimene chakudya ndi mpweya imayambira zedi osakwanira. Pachimake zosokonezeka - Maonekedwe a thrombi (magazi kuundana), embolism (magazi kuundana kuti wathyola kuchoka malo chiyambi, ndi anasamutsidwa magazi chotengera kuphipha). Ndi lakuthwa kwambiri kutseka lumen Mitsempha, amene anatsagana ndi mtima insufficiency (pachimake ischemia), zomwe zingatithandize kukhala ziwalo mtima zosiyanasiyana.

chithandizo

Pamene matenda, "hypercholesterolemia" - osayamba chithandizo mu malo oyamba ndi zakudya kwambiri. Yankholo mu kukana kwathunthu kwa ntchito mankhwala ndi mphamvu mkulu wa mafuta ndi mafuta m'thupi (batala, kirimu yolks dzira, nyama zakudya, chiwindi) ndi kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa chakudya, makamaka CHIKWANGWANI. Nyama akhoza kudyedwa yekha yophika, ayenera m'gulu la zakudya zipatso zambiri, ndiwo zamasamba otsika mankhwala mafuta mkaka, nsomba ndi nsomba. Pamodzi ndi zakudya zotsimikizika ndi thupi, zomwe zingathandize kuchepetsa zochita zoipa mafuta m'thupi kulowa m'thupi. Mukhoza kuchita pafupifupi masewera iliyonse (kuthamanga, kusambira, kupalasa njinga, kutsetsereka). Sikukukolana ndi muzimvetsera masewero olimbitsa pa olimba kapena othamangitsa. Ngati bwino kuphatikiza zakudya ndi thupi, n'zotheka kuchepetsa mlingo mafuta kuti 10%, amene nawonso, kuchepetsa kufala kwa matenda a mtima ndi 2%.

Komanso, adokotala akhoza mankhwala kukonzekera mwapadera amene ayitanidwa statins. Iwo n'cholinga kuchepetsa magazi kolesterolo chifukwa iwo ndi dzuwa mkulu ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito mankhwala yaitali (pafupifupi zotsatira palibe mbali). Zochita ntchito statins zotsatirazi "Rosuvastatin", "Simvastin", "Lovastatin", sodium fluvastatin, "atorvastatin kashiamu". Ngati mupereka ikulongosola ambiri statins, tikhoza kunena kuti iwo kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha sitiroko, reinfarction. Pa ntchito mankhwala mayesero amuzolengedwa magazi ayenera kuchitika. Izi zachitika kuonetsetsa kuti vuto la normalization wa mafuta m'thupi amasiya kuwatengera. Muyenera kudziwa kuti mkulu mafuta m'thupi ndi matenda - pamene kudzimvera medicate ndi statins ndi koletsedwa. Asankha njira ya chithandizo ndi mankhwala, nthawi ndi mlingo wa dokotala yekha.

kupewa

Kuteteza mpaka hypercholesterolemia zimakhala ya zochita mungathe kusintha mfundo zoopsa - kulamulira kulemera, okhwima zakudya apindula ndi CHIKWANGWANI ndi mavitamini, analeka kumwa mowa, kusuta kwa ndudu, imbaenda kuchepetsa mu chiopsezo cha matenda mu kangapo, yogwira thupi, mulingo woyenera ntchito shuga, kuthamanga kwa magazi. Kwa anthu amene kale kukwezeka magazi mafuta m'thupi, prophylaxis ikuchitika ndi thandizo la mankhwala. Mu kupewa chilichonse koma palibe amene wavulala kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi bata wauzimu.