Cholinergic synapses: kapangidwe, ntchito

synapses Cholinergic ndi malo amene pali kukhudzana pakati manyuroni awiri kapena maselo okhudza mitsempha ndi effector kulandira chizindikiro. synapse The wapangidwa ndi nembanemba awiri - presynaptic ndi postsynaptic, komanso mphanga synaptic. Kufala kwa zikhumbo za mitsempha ikuchitika mwa mkhalapakati i.e. chopatsilira mankhwala. Izi zimachitika mwa mogwirizana wa cholandilira ndi mtundu pa Kakhungu postsynaptic. Izi ndi ntchito yaikulu ya synapses cholinergic.

Mkhalapakati ndi zolandilira

The Na parasympathetic mtundu ndi acetylcholine zolandilira - mitundu iwiri ya maselo cholinergic: H (chikonga) ndi M (muscarine). M-cholinomimetics kukhala mwachindunji mtundu kanthu akhoza kukupatsani zolandilira mu mtundu postsynaptic Kakhungu.

Kaphatikizidwe acetylcholine ikuchitika mu cytoplasm cha mathero cholinergic okhudza mitsempha. Iwo anapanga kuchokera choline ndi atsetilkoenzima-A lomwe lili ndi chiyambi kwa mayitirokondiriyoni. Kaphatikizidwe amapezeka pansi kanthu za cytoplasmic enzyme choline. The vesicles synaptic amapezeka mafunsidwe a acetylcholine. Aliyense thovu izi n'kutheka kuti mamolekyulu zikwi zingapo acetylcholine. Mitsempha mopupuluma kumapangitsa amasulidwe acetylcholine mu synaptic mamolekyulu mphanga. Kenako, amalowa mogwirizana ndi maselo acetylcholine. Kapangidwe ka cholinergic ndi synapse wapadera.

kapangidwe

Malinga ndi kafukufuku, amene amapezeka pa biochemists, acetylcholine cholandilira neuromuscular synapse zingaphatikizepo subunits mapuloteni asanu yozungulira ion njira ndi kuwonjezera mwa unyinji wonse wa Kakhungu ndi ongokhala zamadzimadzi a. Awiri mamolekyulu acetylcholine kucheza ndi awiri α-subunits. Zimenezi zimabweretsa chakuti amatsegula ion njira ndi Kakhungu postsynaptic ndi depolarized.

Mitundu ya synapses cholinergic

zolandilira Cholinergic ali isanafalikire mu njira zosiyana ndi ofanana m'njira zambiri tcheru ndi zotsatira za wothandizila pharmacological. Malinga ndi kusiyana izi:

• Maskarinochuvstvitelnye cholinergic zolandilira - otchedwa zolandilira M-cholinergic. Ndi alkaloid muscarine chibadidwe chiwerengero chakupha bowa, Amanita mwachitsanzo.
• Nikotinochuvstvitelnye holinoretseptora - otchedwa zolandilira H-cholinergic. Chikonga ndi alkaloid anapeza mu masamba fodya.

malo awo

Woyamba ili mu postsynaptic selo nembanemba ndi timapiri ziwalo effector. Iwo zili pa mathero ulusi postganglionic parasympathetic. Komanso, iwo alinso ndi maselo ubongo, autonomic ganglia ndi kotekisi ubongo. Anapeza kuti maselo M-cholinergic ya kutanthauzira osiyana ndi sakanikira, imbaenda ku tilinazo zosiyana thunthu la synapses cholinergic pharmacological chikhalidwe.

Mitundu malingana malo

Biochemists muli mitundu yambiri ya maselo M-cholinergic:

• Ili mu ganglia autonomic ndi dongosolo chapakati mantha. Mbali A la wakuyamba ndi kuti zili kunja kwa synapses - M1-cholinergic zolandilira.
• Ili mu mtima. Ena mwa iwo amathandiza kuchepetsa kutuluka kwa acetylcholine - zolandilira m2-cholinergic.
• Inali mu mnofu yosalala, ndipo ambiri a zopangitsa za endocrine - ndi maselo M3-cholinergic.
• Ili mu mtima, mu mpanda wa alveoli m'mapapo mwanga, mu CNS - zolandilira M4-cholinergic.
• Anaika mu CNS, mu Iris wa diso, zopangitsa malovu, maselo mononuclear magazi - zolandilira M5-cholinergic.

The yaikulu maselo a cholinergic

Ambiri mwa zotsatira operekedwa ndi zinthu zodziwika pharmacological okhudza maselo M-cholinergic, chifukwa mogwirizana kwa zinthu zimenezi ndi postsynaptic m2 ndi M3 zolandilira cholinergic.

Taonani gulu la ndalama kuti yotithandiza synapses cholinergic pansipa.

H-cholinergic zolandilira ili mu nembanemba wa manyuroni postsynaptic mu ganglia mathero a lililonse ulusi preganglionic (mu parasympathetic ndi wachifundo ganglia), m'dera la carotid nkusani, mu medulla adrenal, mu neurohypophysis, maselo Renshaw mu minofu chigoba. Tilinazo wa osiyana H-cholinergic zolandilira zimasiyanasiyana kwa zinthu. Mwachitsanzo, zolandilira H-cholinergic mu nyumba autonomic ganglia (ndale mtundu zolandilira) asemphana kwambiri ku maselo H-cholinergic mu chigoba minofu (minofu mtundu maselo). Ndi mbali zimawathandiza kusankha ndigwire ganglia zinthu zapadera. Mwachitsanzo, kurarepodnye mankhwala angathe kutsekereza kufala neuromuscular.

Presynaptic zolandilira cholinergic ndi adrenoceptors zimakhudzidwa lamulo ndondomeko ya acetylcholine kumasulidwa pa synapse neuroeffector chikhalidwe. Kukondoweza kwa maselo amenewa kuti ziletsa amasulidwe acetylcholine.

Acetylcholine amachitira ndi maselo H-acetylcholine ndi kusintha conformation awo, kumawonjezera mlingo wa permeability wa Kakhungu postsynaptic. Acetylcholine ali wapaulendoyo pa ayoni ndi sodium, kenako umalowa mu khungu, ndipo zimenezi zimapangitsa chakuti nembanemba postsynaptic ndi depolarized. Poyamba pali m'dera angathe synaptic kuti kufika mtengo winawake, ndipo imayamba kupoletsa angathe kuchitapo kanthu. Pambuyo pake, chisangalalo m'deralo, amene okha dera synaptic akuyamba Zafalikira selo nembanemba. Ngati pali kukondoweza kwa M-choline lilime, ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ankaimba ndi amithenga chachiwiri ndi G-zimapanga kufala mbendera.

Acetylcholine amachita nthawi yochepa. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti iwo mofulumira hydrolyzed ndi acetylcholinesterase enzyme. Choline, amene anapanga pa hydrolysis wa acetylcholine mu theka buku la osachiritsika presynaptic akumugwira ndi kusamutsidwa kwa cytoplasm kwa biosynthesis wotsatira wa acetylcholine.

Zinthu kanthu pa synapses cholinergic

Pharmacological ndipo zosiyanasiyana mankhwala kumakhudza zingapo zomwe imakhudzana ndi kufala synaptic:

• Ndondomeko acetylcholine kaphatikizidwe.
• Ndondomeko mkhalapakati kumasulidwa. Mwachitsanzo, carbacholine angathe utithandize acetylcholine kumasulidwa ndondomeko, ndi poizoni mwina ziletsa mtundu kumasulidwa ndondomeko.
• The ndondomeko ya zimene zimachitika pakati pa acetylcholine ndi choline cholandilira.
• Hydrolysis wa acetylcholine chikhalidwe enzymatic.
• The adani a choline, popangidwa ndi hydrolysis wa acetylcholine presynaptic osachiritsika. Mwachitsanzo, akhoza ziletsa gemiholiny wa minyewa adani ndi zoyendera wa choline mu cytoplasm selo.

Gawo

Zikutanthauza zolimbikitsa za synapses cholinergic, angapereke osati zotsatira, koma anticholinergic (ogwetsa) kwenikweni. Monga maziko gulu la zinthu zina biochemists ntchito malangizo a zochita za mankhwala awa zolandilira osiyana cholinergic. Ngati kutsatira mfundo zimenezi, zinthu okhudza maselo cholinergic akhoza wachinsinsi motere:

• Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza zolandilira M-cholinergic ndi maselo N-cholinergic: a holinomimetikami ndi acetylcholine ndi carbacholine ndi holinoblokatoram - tsiklodol.
• anticholinesterase poyera kwaife. Zikuphatikizapo salicylate, physostigmine, Neostigmine, galantamine hydrobromide, Armin.
• Zinthu zokhudza synapses cholinergic. Ndi cholinomimetics monga pilocarpine hydrochloride ndi aceclidine kuti holinoblokatoram - atropine sulphate matatsin, tartrate platifillina, ipratropium bromide, hydrobromide skopalamina.

• Zinthu ndi vlinyanie zolandilira H-cholinergic. Ndi holinomimetikami ndi tsititon ndi lobeline hydrochloride. H blockers nicotinic acetylcholine cholandilira zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri. The choyamba - kumatanthauza khalidwe ganglioblokiruyuschimi. Zikuphatikizapo benzogeksony, gigrony, pentamin, arfonad, pyrylium. Gulu lachiwiri vkulyuchaet chinthu Curariform. Zikuphatikizapo relaxants minofu, kupereka kanthu zotumphukira monga tubocurarine enaake, pancuronium bromide, bromide pipekuroniya.

Takambirana mwatsatanetsatane njira zokhudza cholinergic synapses.