Mayeso a magazi: kutanthauzira PDW (nthawi ndi kupotoka)

Zimakhala zovuta kupeza munthu wotero amene sanayambe kuthana ndi kufunika koyezetsa magazi. Kusankha PDW mmenemo kungasokoneze. Zikuoneka kuti ambiri sanamvepo. Kafukufuku wambiri wa magazi ndizofunika kwambiri kuti ayese kafukufuku, asanayambe kulandira chithandizo chilichonse, kuti athe kufotokozera za matendawa ndi kulembetsa mimba. Phunziroli limapereka chithunzi chonse cha umoyo waumunthu: Kutupa ndi matenda opatsirana, kuperewera kwa magazi. Kotero kodi zizindikiro za kusanthula kachipangizo m'magazi, monga mwachizoloŵezi kwa kumva kwathu, kapena ayi?

Kodi kuyesa magazi ndi chiyani?

Magazi ndi madzimadzi omwe amalowa m'chigawo chilichonse cha thupi la munthu. Zimasunthira kupyolera mu thupi lathu, motero, ndi zizindikiro za dziko ndi mankhwala, munthu amatha kuona momwe thupi lathu liriri wathanzi. Malingana ndi zotsatira za kusanthula, dokotala akufufuza momwe izi kapena ziwalo zina ndi machitidwe amagwirira ntchito. M'magazi muli mankhwala ena, mlingo wa katswiri ndiwunikira. Magazi amatha kutengedwa ndi capillary ndi venous. Potero, oyamba amapereka kuchokera kwa chala, ndipo chachiwiri - kuchokera pamtambo. Phunziro lofala kwambiri ndi kuyesa magazi. Pali maphunziro ena ambiri a chilengedwechi omwe mungathe kuona momwe shuga ulili, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni oyenera, chiwindi ndi ziwalo zina. Chisamaliro chapadera chimaperekedwa kwa hemoglobin m'magazi. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa munthu, popeza zimapereka ziwalo zonse ndi maselo ndi mpweya, popanda zomwe zimayambitsa machitidwe osiyanasiyana mwa iwo.

Kodi mungakonzekere bwanji?

Kwa kafukufuku uliwonse wa ma laboratory ndikofunika kukonzekera. Kupereka magazi kumakhala bwino m'mimba yopanda kanthu, maola 8 musanayambe kusanthula, kupatulapo mafuta a zakudya. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zodalirika, nkofunika kuti musamamwe mowa musanayesedwe. Pofuna kuyesa magazi ambiri, maphunziro sapadera sali oyenerera, chifukwa adzakhala odziwa popanda. Kuyezetsa magazi kwina kumafuna dongosolo lapadera musanayambe kusanthula.

Zambiri zokhudza thanzi lathu mwa kusanthula magazi

Kufufuza kwa magazi kumaphatikizapo kutsimikiza kwa hemoglobin, leukocyte ndi mapangidwe, erythrocyte, mapulateletti, ESR, ngati kuli koyenera - hematocrit, mtundu wa mtundu, chiyambi ndi kutha kwa coagulation.

Chizoloŵezi cha erythrocytes mwa kuwonetsetsa kwa magazi ndi 4.0 mpaka 5.0 pa theka labwino la umunthu, 4.5 mpaka 5.5 chifukwa cha kugonana kolimba. Makhalidwe awa a yunifolomu m'magazi a munthu ndi mbale ya biconcave. The erythrocyte amakhala masiku 110-120. Chiwerengero cha maselo ofiira a magazi chikhoza kukhala chachilendo, chapamwamba ndi chochepa. Kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha maselo ofiira otchedwa erythrocytosis. Zimapezeka makamaka pamene magazi aphwima kapena chiwerengero cha maselo ofiira awonjezeka. Maselo ofiira ochepetsedwa amatchedwa erythropenia. Zitha kuchitika pambuyo pa kutayika kwakukulu kwa magazi.

Hemoglobin ndi mbali ya maselo ofiira a magazi. Yerengani kuti muphunzire za mlingo wa hemoglobin hemoglobin. Amadzaza magazi ndi mpweya womwe umatanthawuza kuti ndikofunika kupuma. Mpweya wabwino wa hemoglobini kwa amuna ndi wochokera pa 120 mpaka 170 magalamu pa lita imodzi. Kwa amayi, hemoglobin imaonedwa kuti ndi yachilendo kuchokera ku 110 mpaka 150 magalamu pa lita imodzi. Ngati wodwalayo atachepetsa hemoglobini, matendawa amachitidwa ngati magazi, omwe amasonyeza kusowa kwa chitsulo ndi vitamini B mu thupi.12 Kuwonjezeka kwa hemoglobini sikofala. Ikhoza kuyambitsa kuphulika kwa magazi, imatuluka mwa othamanga, ndi erythrocytosis, mwa anthu okhala kumapiri aatali.

Maselo oyera ndi maselo oyera. Kawirikawiri chiwerengero chawo chimasiyanasiyana kuyambira 4 mpaka 9. Ntchito yawo yaikulu ndi yoteteza. Ndi mankhwala opweteka, opatsirana komanso opatsirana, chizindikirochi chikuwonjezeka, chomwe chimatchedwa leukocytosis. Ngati maselo oyera a m'magazi sali ochiritsika, ndiye kuti matendawa amatchedwa leukopenia, omwe amapezeka pambuyo pa mankhwala a chemotherapy, kuchepetsa chitetezo chokwanira komanso matenda ena m'thupi. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi mankhwala a leukocyte: ma neutrophils, omwe nthawi zambiri amapanga 45 mpaka 70 peresenti ya leukocyte zonse, lymphocytes kuyambira 19 mpaka 37 peresenti, monocytes kuyambira 3 mpaka 10 peresenti, magawo 1-5 mpaka 1,5%, basophils ndi 1 peresenti.

ESR - mlingo wa dothi la erythrocyte - mwa amayi ozolowereka, kuyambira 1 mpaka 15 millimita pa ora, amuna amachokera pa 1 mpaka 10 millimita pa ora. Kuwonjezeka kawirikawiri kumasonyeza kupweteka, matenda opatsirana kapena oncologic m'thupi.

Mipata yamagazi imagwiritsidwa ntchito muzigawo za magazi, fibrinolysis. Thrombocytosis kapena kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha mapiritsi mu thupi kungasonyeze kuwonongeka kwa magazi, atatha kutulutsidwa kwa nthata, ndi myeloleukemia. Thrombocytopenia kapena kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha mapiritsi ndi chizindikiro cha chibadwidwe cha ana omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV.

Kodi PDW ndikuyesa magazi?

Pakalipano, pali zizindikiro zoposa makumi awiri zomwe zimathandiza dokotala kupeza zolondola zokhudzana ndi thanzi la wodwalayo. Pakati penipeni yotereyi ndi PDW - kuyezetsa magazi, zomwe zimawoneka ngati "kufalikira kwa kapangidwe ka platelet ndi voliyumu". Amadziwika kuti maselo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kusintha kwa mausinkhu awo, amakhala osagwirizana. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, magwiridwe a magazi ali ndi kukula kwakukulu, ndipo ndi kuchuluka kwa mapiritsi akuluakulu ndi ang'onoang'ono omwe amatsimikizira kuyesa kwa magazi. Kudula PDW kumathandiza kuzindikira matenda akuluakulu m'thupi.

Magazi kuti azisanthula ayenera kutengedwa m'mimba yopanda kanthu kuchokera pa chala. Mwazi wonse umayikidwa mu chubu choyesera, momwe anticoagulant yowonjezera pasadakhale. Pakalipano, phunziroli likuchitidwa pa osanthula, omwe kuwonjezera pa chizindikiro ichi angapereke china 24. Ndikofunika kwambiri kupititsa mayeso a magazi molondola. Kutanthauzira kwa PDW kumadalira kulingalira kwa zinthu zambiri, monga kudya, kulemetsa, kutenga mimba, kusamba kwa tsiku. Choncho, muyenera kupatsa magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu, osapanikizika, kugwira ntchito mwamphamvu, osaphunzira pa nthawi ya kusamba.

Palinso chinthu ngati kutenga digiti ya SD mu kuyesa magazi kwa PDW. Kutanthauzira kwa PDW-SD, chizindikiro chosonyeza kusagwirizana kwa mapaleletiti, kumabweretsa zotsatira zake zowona molondola. SD m'nkhaniyi ndi kupotoka kwapadera. Zimaganiziridwa powerengera ndondomekoyi.

Nchifukwa chiyani mukufunikira kudziwa chizindikiro ichi?

Si chinsinsi kwa wina aliyense kuti ndi kofunika kwambiri kutanthauzira molondola kuyesa magazi. Kujambula PDW kuli ndi chidziŵitso chofunika kwambiri chodziŵika ndi kulongosola. Mwachitsanzo, chiwerengero cha kukula chikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda a myelodyastiki. Komanso, kuperewera kwake kumalola kusiyana kwa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi ndi matenda ena.

PDW: ndi chikhalidwe chiti pa akuluakulu?

Kawirikawiri, munthu wamkulu, mapuloletiti amagawidwa ndi voliyumu ndi 15-17 peresenti. M'chizindikiro ichi, zolepheretsa pang'ono zimaloledwa - kufika pa magawo awiri pa zana, zomwe zimadalira mtundu wa munthu aliyense.

Chizindikiro cha ana

Polemba zonse zomwe zimayambitsa kuyezetsa magazi, zaka za wodwala zimatengedwa. Ndondomeko ya PDW ndipadera - kuyesa mwazi, kutayika magazi, chizoloŵezi cha ana omwe amawerengedwa poyerekeza ndi zizindikiro zina.

Chiwerengero cha PDW sichinaphunzire mokwanira, koma chidziwitso chake chimaganiziridwa pamene akutsimikizira zovuta zambiri, makamaka zoyipa za magazi ndi ziwalo zopanga magazi mwa ana. Zowonjezereka, zomwe ziri zachibadwa kwa ana osakwana zaka 18, zimachokera ku 10 mpaka 15 peresenti ya chiwerengero cha mapepala onse.

PDW: kuyesa magazi (decoding). Kuchuluka kwa msinkhu

Kuchita kafukufuku ndi theka la nkhondoyo: kutanthauzira molondola kuyesedwa kwa magazi n'kofunika. Chiwerengero cha PDW chiwonjezeka muzovuta monga:

• Njira zotupa;
• Kuyesera kwakukulu;
• Kusokonezeka mu chiwindi kugwira ntchito;
• Matenda a mtima;
• Splenectomy;
• Njira zosautsa, makamaka ndi metastasis mu fupa;
• Kutaya magazi kwakukulu;
• Kutsogolera poizoni;
• Kuperewera kwa magazi;
• Chithandizo ndi corticosteroids;
• Matenda a Alzheimer;
• Nthawi yopuma.

Mwachibadwa, ndi PDW pamwamba pa chizoloŵezi, munthu adzamva kuvutika ndi kufooka, chizungulire, ndi kulemala kungachepetse.

PDW: kuyesa magazi (decoding). Mlingo wotsika

Pafupipafupi zambiri zimapereka chithandizo choyenera ndikusankha mankhwala othandiza kutanthauzira osati kungowonjezera, komanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa PDW. Kuchepetsa ndondomeko iyi ndi pamene:

• Leukemia;
• Matenda a mpweya;
• Myelodysplastic syndrome;
• Matenda a DIC;
• Matenda a chiwindi;
• Sepsis;
• Kugwiritsa ntchito cytostatics;
• Matenda a Megaloblastic;
• Matenda a cirrhosis, matenda aakulu a chiwindi.

Mu nthawi yathu kuti tidziwa zambiri za zinthu ndizofunikira. Koma chofunika kwambiri ndi kufufuza chidziwitso chanu mokwanira. Kukhala ndi malingaliro ndi chidziwitso chakuya sichiri chofanana. Choncho m'pofunika kumvetsetsa kuti PDW ndi kuyesa magazi, zolembedwera, ndizofunika komanso zomwe zimadziwika bwino kwa katswiri. Mwiniwakeyo safunikanso kuganiza zenizeni za maphunziro ndi zizindikiro zawo, muyenera kupita kuchipatala.