Kapangidwe ka khutu la munthu

Khutu - ichi ndi thupi kwambiri, zomwe ndi zofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa nyama iliyonse ndi anthu. Kapangidwe ka khutu kumagwirizana ndi ntchito yake. Izi si kumva thandizo, komanso muyezo wa thupi, amene amathandiza kuti muyende mu mlengalenga. Anthu, uziyenda yachibadwa ya chiwalo cha kumva udindo chitukuko cha mawu komanso.

Evolution ndi kapangidwe ka limba kumva nyama. Musanawerenge mbali structural ya khutu la munthu, n'zomveka kuti bwino njira zosiyanasiyana za thupi nyama. Kumva chithandizo anafuna kuti maganizo mafunde phokoso, chimene chiri chofunika mu mgwirizano pakati pa anthu, ndi kupulumuka.

Mu arthropods ziwalo kumva awa akuimira sensilla apadera, zomwe zili pa bristles, tinyanga kapena thupi.

Khutu dongosolo nsomba akadali wosavuta, monga chiwalo cha kumva yekha gawo lamkati. Ndi zovuta ngalande atatu semicircular, omwe ali oyenerera pabwalopo matanthauzo perpendicular. M'zipinda wapadera muli otolith amene anayamba oscillate pamene tikudutsa phokoso mafunde. Ndi oscillation ichi amapanga zimachitika zomwe imafalikira pamodzi mitsempha mu malo ena a ubongo kumene mauthenga ndi kukonzedwa.

The oimira achule pali pakati khutu dipatimenti, amene ataphimbidwa ndi likalowa m'makutu a. Palinso khutu limodzi fupa - stapes. Khutu mkati ndi wosiyana pakati zenera chowulungika. M'mimbamo kwa khutu chikugwirizana ndi oropharynx - izo amathandiza mwakufuna zoipazi.

Kumene, kapangidwe ka khutu ku nyama imatengedwa kukhala zovuta kwambiri. Anthu a kalasi, monga ulamuliro, apangidwa zigawo zonse zitatu za limba Makutu, pali pinna, ossicles Makutu, otolith zida ndi athanzi ndi dongosolo vestibular.

Kapangidwe ka khutu la munthu. Khutu la munthu lili ndi magawo atatu - lakunja, pakati komanso mkati.

Khutu lakunja ukufanizidwa ndi pinna ndi kunja Makutu meatus. Pinna - lalikulu, zotanuka chichereŵechereŵe ataphimbidwa ndi khungu. Mbali Aika - izo analanda phokoso. The auricle akulowa ngalande khutu omwe internally vystelen khungu. Izo zikutsiriza mwachimbulimbuli mu likalowa m'makutu a.

Khutu pakati akuyamba ndi likalowa m'makutu, umene transmits phokoso Phokoso kwa ossicles Makutu - malleus, incus ndi stapes (poyamba, izi ndi mafupa zing'onozing'ono za thupi). The phokoso limayendera vibrates mafupa, amene kudzera pawindo chowulungika kuti patsekeke wa khutu lamkati. M'mimbamo tympanic chikugwirizana nasopharynx kudzera chubu Eustachian - potero equalized kuthamanga. N'zochititsa chidwi mkokomo yaitali kwambiri kuthamanga yozungulira kukwezeka makutu "atagona". Pankhaniyi, reflexively ankaipembedza yawn - pakamwa potsegula amachepetsa imabwera kuwonongeka kwa likalowa m'makutu a.

Kapangidwe ka khutu mkati, mwina ovuta kwambiri. Amakhala ndi Bony kukhotakhota, mmene pakhomo n'kopanda, nkhono ndi ngalande atatu semicircular. Nkhono - ichi ndi chofunika kwambiri limba kumva, kotero mmene amaona mafunde phokoso ndi otembenuka iwo ku zikhumbo mitsempha.

Mkati cochlea ndi membranous kukhotakhota ladzala ndi madzi wapadera. Pa mpanda wake unali zolandilira zenizeni, amene ankaimira ndi maselo tsitsi. Mukachipinda amalandira oscillation lymph mkati wachinyamata ndipo amasintha izo mu mbendera magetsi yomwe zina opatsirana kwa mitsempha Makutu ku malo ubongo.

Atatu semicircular ngalande za khutu mkati ndi vestibular chowunikira, amene ali ndi udindo kwa lathu mu mlengalenga, zoyenda kuzindikira udindo thupi.

Mwina kudziŵika kuti Kapangidwe ka khutu la munthu ndi zovuta kwambiri, chifukwa thupi ili ndi udindo ntchito zambiri m'thupi la munthu. Ndipotu ina chidwi n'chakuti ana ndi kuvutika kobadwa nako thandizo kumva mwina kulankhula bwinobwino, ngakhale kuti lonse kulankhula system (lilime, pharynx, timinofu) ali bwino ntchito.