Zambezi (mtsinje mu Africa) chimene chimachokera ndi kumene wasefukira? Zambezi: gwero, kutalika, malo mapu ndi chithunzi

Mu Africa Central, komanso kumpoto kwa Africa, iyenera yake yapadera, kaso ndi ovuta kwambiri mfundo yochititsa chidwi - ndi Zambezi. The mtsinje zimachokera ku Zambia ndi umayenda kudzera m'mphamvu monga Angola, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe ndi Zambia. Ku Mozambique Zambezi estuary imaphwera ku Indian Ocean. Ndi nthenda ya mtsinje uwu ndi kukopa kwambiri kwa Africa - ndi Victoria Falls.

Kwa mtsinje. gawo pamwamba

Gwero la Zambezi River mu gawo kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Ethiopia, wazunguliridwa ndi zithaphwi wakuda. Okwera pano ndi wofanana ndi mamita imodzi ndi theka. Pang'ono pamwamba gwero Chilwa phiri otsetsereka pa wakupambana bwino mzere wolekanitsa pakati pa maiwe awiri mitsinje madzi - Congo ndipo Zambezi. Mtsinje ukuyenda mwa kum'mwera kumadzulo, ndi za 240 Km za izo kuyambira kugwa mu makhwawa. Pa limodzi la otsetsereka a mtsinje kwasanduka mathithi yaing'ono Chavama. Izi zimapangitsa zosafunika kwa kutumiza. Pa loyamba 350 ake Km, za Victoria Falls, okwera pa madzi limayenda, ndi pafupi zofanana. Iye angapo zina amasintha malangizo ake kuchokera kum'mwera kum'mawa, koma kusintha zonyozeka. Mu kumene mathithi itha chapamwamba Zambezi. A mtsinje chapakati Africa kwa Victoria Falls kumabweretsa ambiri a madzi, zimapezeka malo chodabwitsa chodabwitsa, amene amasangalala mabiliyoni la alendo kubwera.

The gawo pakati pa mtsinje

Victoria Falls imatengedwa malire kugawa pakati pa mtsinje ndi chiyambi kumene yapakati. Kwa izo, njira kale anatumiza mwachindunji kum'mawa kumene mwagona pakati pa mapiri. Kutalika pafupifupi a gawo ili la posungira mamita 300. Komanso dziwani kuti gwero la Zambezi River, zomwe ife tatchulazi, wazunguliridwa ndi tchire, savannah ndi miyala mchenga dothi. Apa, madzi pamodzi basalt kuti apange mapiri ndi phompho yaing'ono, kuteteza madzi a mtsinjewo. Zikusonyezanso wa gawo pakati posungira imatengedwa Caribbean (amatchedwanso Nyanja Kariba). Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa nyanja yaikulu yokumba mu dziko. Inakhalapo mu m'ma 20, pambuyo malire pakati pa Zambezi anamanga damu la dzina chomwecho. Kuyambira pamenepo mpaka tsopano, Kariba opangira magetsi siteshoni amalola anthu onse ozungulira dera ntchito magetsi. Komanso m'kati pakati tidzakomane awiri makhwawa lalikulu - ndi Kafue ndi Luangwa, yomwe ikuyenda mu Zambezi. Mtsinje chifukwa iwo akukhala onse ndi lodzaza. Choncho, pang'ono pambuyo pake pa kumanga wina damu - Cabora Bassa. Pa nthawi imeneyi, gawo pakati pa Zambezi ikutha.

M'munsi njira waterway

Zambezi kufika damu Cabora Bassa, anam'bweza madzi ake kumadzulo. M'litali otsiriza waukulu ake poyerekeza ndi anthu m'mbuyomu, ndicho 650 Km. Tsambali ndi kale oyenera kutumiza, koma pali zambiri anapeza Shackleton. Mfundo yakuti m'dera limene otaya madzi, ndi chigwa waukulu, ndipo iwo anali pa izo basi anayala, kupanga mtsinje lonse, koma osati mwakuya kwambiri. Iwo itsekeke pang'ono njira yokha pamene Lupato umadutsa chigwa. Apa m'lifupi mamita 200 okha, pamene malo ena onse mtsinje kwenikweni anayala mpaka makilomita 5-8. Pa mtunda wa makilomita 160 kuchokera Zambezi River kwa nyanja izo anawoloka. Shire. Chifukwa uwu chifukwa cholephera madzi ake, ndipo madzi a Nyanja ya Malawi. Pambuyo kukongola kwathu lagawidwa m'ngalande ambiri yaing'ono, kupanga ankadziwana ndi. Kufupi ndi kugombe la nyanja ya Indian Ocean ndi Zambezi River pa mapu amaoneka ngati malaya triangular, amene chikugwirizana ndi madzi lalikulu.

makhwawa mtsinje

mtsinje imatengedwa Africa yachinayi waukulu pakati wake "abale." Mtsinje Zambezi mu Africa sikudali kutero olemera, ngati si ambiri a makhwawa ake kuti awoloke Inde komanso nyanja ake njira. Chabwino, tayang'anani pa iwo mwatsatanetsatane. The Choyamba ndi chofunikira ndi mtsempha wamagazi kudyetsa mtsinje amadzimadzi akuti ndi mtsinje Kapombo. Iwo anachokera mu mapiri, pamene pafupi wina ndi mnzake ndi magwero a Congo ndi Zambezi. Mu chilolo loyamba kuphunzira kwathu phunziro, kumene malangizo lisinthike kuchokera kumadzulo kupita kum'mawa, ndi mitanda ya Kwando - kwambiri zonse loyenda mtsinje. Mu malire pakati pa Zambezi ndi Kafue kudyetsa madzi Langi. Pansipa, timakumana tributary china chofunika kwambiri - Luangwa. Zilibe chabe kupulumutsa madzi awo mu Zambezi, komanso kukumana nawo Malawi nyanja, choncho amakhala lonse komanso chozama. Mu mmunsi chakudya madzi a mtsinje makhwawa Sanyati, Shangani ndi Hanyang.

History ndi kafukufuku wa posungira

Anthu kudziwa malowa Hrs anali mpaka kumbuyo oyambirira Ages Middle. Mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti kudziwa zimenezi zinali zochokera mbiri Arab ndi zikalata. Choncho, Zambezi River pa mapu a Africa anaonekera mu 1300s kutali, koma iye akanadziŵa, monga mukudziwa, kokha olemekezeka. phunziro Mabuku a madzi African linayamba m'zaka 19. Munthu woyamba amene anafotokoza mtsinje pa mfundo za sayansi view, kunapezeka kuti David Livingstone. Anasambira kumtunda kwa Nyanja ya Malawi, kutsiriza ndi Victoria Falls. M'njiramo ndinapeza ambiri makhwawa pakalipano, nawapatsa mayina awo. Mpaka kumapeto a zaka zana, mtsinje ndi zinthu zonse pafupi akhala kuzimvetsa bwinobwino ndi azungu, ndi deta zonse mwabata pa mapu a dziko lonse.

dziko nsomba

Ambiri mwa nsomba zimapezeka madzi a Zambezi - ndi kuderako. Onse a mtundu wawo amapezeka mwapadera mu dera limeneli. Ndipo ngakhale ambiri a mayina amene tikungotchula pansipa, mudzakhala ngati bwino, ndiye otsimikiza, kuti mfundo imeneyi wokhalamo madzi sadzayang'ana momwe ife tiriri amakonda onani. tizilombo pano wapadera, chomwe chimathandiza zamoyo zonse kukhala si monga ku Ulaya kapena ku America. Kotero apa pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya cichlids, mlamba, mlamba ndi tigerfish. wotchuka wokhala m'munsi njira ya mtsinje ndi ng'ombe nsombazi kapena ng'ombe nsombazi. Kumachitika mu madzi m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Indian Ocean, ndipo Zatoka Zambezi.

zomera

Nkhani yapita, n'zotheka kulingalira pamene Zambezi River ku mfundo Hrs maganizo. Izi ndi chigawo chapakati cha Africa, woyendera nthambi zotentha za wosatha zone kutentha, mchenga ndi savannah. Ndi kudzera mwa malo Zambezi utuluke, amene amalenga mozungulira icho ndi zinyama zake. Apa amapezeka ambirimbiri osiyanasiyana a ng'ona. Malinga ndi khalidwe ili la mtsinje mosavuta poyerekezera ndi Nile. Pamodzi ndi iwo alipo oposa abuluzi ang'ono ndi njoka (makamaka m'dera gwero kumene m'madambo ambiri). Pa dziko pali njovu, mbidzi, ng'ombe, mikango, njati - Mwachidule, ambiri African Safari. Mbalame za m'mlengalenga pa Zambezi, kalanga, osati kwambiri. Pali zouluka abuluzi, zikovili, ziwombankhanga African, ndi kukayenda m'mphepete mwa mtsinje mabanki egrets.

"Nsomba" chuma

Mukhoza kuwona monga mwa kuyang'ana pa chithunzi: ndi Zambezi mtsinje ndi ovuta kwambiri, yotakata, wolemera mu zinyama ndi zomera, monga kugwirizana kwambiri pa chitukuko zamalonda m'mayiko onse kudzera amene m'gawo izo zikuchitika. Kupatula chakuti pali zimamangidwa Ziphona ziwiri zomera hydropower, amene kudyetsa magetsi m'madera onse ozungulira ndi mzinda, palinso wotukuka nsomba makampani. Okhala m'mizinda, amene anakulira pa magombe a Zambezi, amakhala mphatso ya madzi ake free, mabanja awo chakudya. Alendo ochokera ku midzi zambiri kutali ndi msonkho chifukwa nsomba pano. Ambiri mwa mtsinje wa Zambezi akusungidwira masewera nsomba. Anthu amabwera kuno chifukwa cha chisangalalo ndi mitundu kawirikawiri anthu nsomba padziko lonse. Komanso ku nsomba beseni wa mitundu yambiri kuderako kuti atumikire monga yokongola kwa Aquarium iliyonse.

zinthu zachilengedwe

Mwina ponena za zachilengedwe wa Zambezi River tidzayamba ndi mavuto, monga iwo ndithudi wofuna. matsoka onse kwagona kuti pano ali kutulutsa madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito kukha, ndiponso osati kungodzera mwa maofesi wapadera mankhwala, ndipo mwachindunji. Zimbudzi ochokera m'midzi madoko, limodzi nyumba yaing'ono ndi zinthu zina chabe chatsanulidwa mu mtsinje. Izi zimapangitsa osati kuipitsa madzi, komanso amapanga matenda monga typhoid, kolera, kamwazi ndi gulu la matenda ena, kapena zochepa kwambiri. mavuto aakulu komanso anatuluka pambuyo yomanga Cabora Bassa siteshoni opangira magetsi mphamvu. Izi nyanja yokumba anadzazidwa zikomo mvula basi nyengo imodzi, pamene akuluakulu anaganiza kuti adzakhuta pang'onopang'ono zaka zingapo. Chifukwa cha zikuchepa yafupika paulimi zinachititsa kuti kuchepetsa dera mitengo padziko madzi. Ndi mantha ndiponso zinyama adakhalapo pa a mtsinjewo. Wa madzi napita zambiri zothandiza kufufuza zinthu, izo chepetse chiwerengero cha nsomba kuti anakhalapo kuno.

zinthu magalimoto

Ambiri, kutalika kwa Zambezi River ndi makilomita 2.574, kutenga nkhani anaŵerama zake zonse ndi motsatana. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mmodzi wa utuluke madzi waukulu mu Africa, koma zimenezi si umboni wakuti ndi abwino zoyendera mtsempha wamagazi derali. Tanena kale kuti bedi la mtsinje zambiri akasintha kolowera, ndi crucially, yemweyo amapita m'lifupi, kuya, ndi zizindikiro zina. Vuto waukulu panyanja ndi nyanja yokumba, madamu ndi mathithi kuti awoloke wake. Komabe nthawi zambiri ntchito zoyendera akutsatiridwa zikomo ku zigawo munthu wa posungira izi. Mwachitsanzo, zombo zambiri kupatsira pansi pa Zambezi, amene kunyamula m'basimo ndi katundu. Middle ndi chapamwamba mbali ya mtsinje ntchito kwambiri ndi anthu am'deralo. Misewu ozungulira ali amaona chifukwa kusakhazikika kwa nthaka m'derali ndipo anakwera ngalawa kuti afike ku Pamudzi wina ndi mzake mosavuta.

Bridges kudutsa Zambezi

Wachinayi ndi yaikulu madziwo madzi a mtanda milatho asanu a Africa. yomanga wawo unayamba mu zaka za m'ma 20, ndipo akupitirizabe, ngakhale kuti ntchito zambiri kale akuyendera. Woyamba inamangidwa mu 1905 mu mzinda wa Victoria Falls. Iwo limatuluka pamwamba madzi pa mamita 125, m'lifupi mamita 150, ndipo kutalika - 250 meters. Kuyambira pamenepo anali ankamangidwanso, koma osati ukasintha adzamangidwenso. Izo poyamba zinakonzedwa mbali ya njanji yomwe kutambasula ku Cape kwa Cairo. Komanso, mu 1939, mlatho inamangidwa Chirundu (Zambia), amene anamangidwanso mu 2003, ndipo mu 60s panali milatho m'mizinda ya Tete ndi Chinvingi. Patapita zaka, ndicho mu 2004, anamaliza kumanga otsiriza, mlatho chachisanu pa Zambezi. Ilo liri pakati pa mizinda ya Sesheke (Zambia) ndi Katima Mulilo (Namibia).

M'matauni ndi m'midzi yozungulira mtsinje

Takambirana kumene anachokera Zambezi River, pamene wasefukira, ndipo aliyense matupi zina madzi ndi anawoloka m'kupita kwa otaya lapansi. Tsopano phunziro la midzi yozungulira m'mphepete mwake. Choyamba, mtsinje akudutsa Pamlingo wamkulu kapena wamng'ono, m'mayiko asanu. Mwa iwo amatchedwa Angola, Namibia, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe ndi Botswana. Koma mizinda imene ili pa magombe ake, pali zambiri. Tikungotchula mwachidule: Lacalle, Kariba, Mongu, Tete, Songo, Lila, Livingstone, Sesheke ndi Katima Mulilo. midzi yonse ang'ono kwambiri geopolitical mabungwe. anthu 32 okha miliyoni moyo mu chigwa. Ambiri a iwo kukhala moyo wakumudzi, malo m'dera zili akuyandama ndiponso kusapezeka pafupifupi ziweto. mzinda Local kupeza makamaka pa ntchito zokopa alendo, komanso makampani pano sunayambe bwino. Ambiri a iwo foraged Rybolovlev komanso yamphamvu poaching.