Sonata - mankhwala ndi? Sonatas la Mozart, Beethoven, Haydn

Kuyambira mfundo wamba maganizo a munthu kwamakono, sonata - ndi wovuta ndi kulenga ndege ya lingaliro lauzimu, zinapatsira ndi zolemba amazipanga kukongola, kupanga nyimbo wachisomo ndi limakupatsani kusangalala phokoso kwambiri. Ngakhale anzeru kusewera chidutswa cha nyimbo, n'kofunika kuganizira chigawo luso ndondomeko chilengedwe.

Choyamba Mapazi malangizo sukulu. ndi zimene sonata kwa limba ndi zida zina za nyimbo?

Sonata - ndi mtundu chakale mtundu wanyimbo nyimbo zoimbidwa. Ntchito imeneyi imakhala magawo angapo, si yunifolomu mu zikuchokera awo. Chinthu chapadera cha ntchito izi kwagona kuti gawo lirilonse la liwu lawo kwathunthu payekha, koma tanthauzo ambiri lili lonse gawo lirilonse la phokoso.

mawonekedwe akuti alipo yekha mu nthetemya ndi concertos. Waukulu zimasiyanitsa Mbali mitundu onsewa sewero ndi cholinga nyimbo:

• Sonata - ndi tingachipeze powerenga malangizo nyimbo anachita ndi zida imodzi kapena ziwiri.
• Nthetemya kwalembedwa kwa oketsra zonse.
• Concert akuimira kuphedwa ntchito nyimbo kokha yoimba.

Sonata: tikambirane mbali yokulirapo

Chiyambi cha chidutswa cha nyimbo ankaimira yogwira ndi kusala sewero ambiri nyimbo. Mu nyimbo sukulu amatchedwa "kukhudzana". Mlembi ali womasuka opatsirana malinga ngati chodabwitsa cha dziko, ndi uliri mkati. Ndi gawo ili ntchito akusonyeza nambala pazipita kupsyinjika maganizo molumikizana ndi chikhalidwe zotsutsana ndi recalcitrance kutsogoleredwa kunja.

Zosiyaniratu ndi gawo lachiwiri la sonata - "chitukuko". Ngati chiyambi cha nyimbo amachokera kusala kudya ndi zosiyana amajambulapo maluwa okongola, pakhale melodic kwambiri ndi bata phokoso wake. Pano, monga ulamuliro, wolemba akuona maganizo ake akufunsa mafunso, akuyesera kuti apeze njira yothetsera vutoli. Nthawi zina zidutswa za nyimbo ndi chakudya chachikulu kwa sayansi nthanthi chinyezimiritso.

Yachitatu yomwenso ndi yomaliza gawo amatchedwa "recapitulation" akupitiriza udindo yogwira. Monga ulamuliro, ndi reprise amalola womverayo kusangalala yosangalala, ankasewera ndi melodic phokoso. Last mphindi nyimbo talente limodzi ndi mayendedwe n'zosadabwitsa zogwirizana ndi mofulumira.

Chinsinsi ndikuusa Wolemba mukhoza kufotokoza yekha Sonata

Kuchotsedwa pamwamba nyimbo chidutswa apanga anati wophunzira aliyense kuti Sonata - si ya zolemba, osangalatsa kumvera. No! Wozizwitsawu lotseguka ndege ya Wolemba ankaganiza kuti polenga mwaluso unali kufungatira pa chigamulocho wa nkhani ina yofunika kwambiri anali mu mkhalidwe chisangalalo kapena yosangalatsa anamva chisoni kwambiri. N'chifukwa chake sonatas ambiri, olembedwa zaka zambiri zapitazo, komabe sanataye kufunika kwake mu dziko la zilandiridwenso ndi kukopa okongola kwambiri a phokoso.

Pa kwambiri chitukuko mbiri ya mtundu wathu osati wa anthu onse, anthu ndi odziwika bwino chilengedwe cha geniuses nyimbo. The nyimbo za olemba otchuka ndi maziko ofunika potipatsa chachikulu maphunziro nyimbo. Iwo sonatas olemba aakulu, kulankhula zimene adzapitirira, amatumikira monga chitsanzo kwa chitukuko cha kukoma nyimbo, losamala kukongola wauzimu ndi kufunafuna ganizoli.

Pathetique Sonata: mmene kukulimbikitsani nokha

Imodzi mwa ntchito zoyamba bwino ndi ophunzira a sukulu music, ndi zomvetsa chisoni sonata wa Beethoven. chaluso nyimbo analengedwa mu 1798, ku dziko la nyimbo akatswiri odziwa amadziwika ngati "zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri Sonata".

Dzina lenileni anayambitsa ndi wolemba Beethoven. Tamasulira kuchokera ku mawu a Chigiriki "pathos" kumatanthauza "kukwezeka, okwera maganizo." Ndicho chifukwa, ngati moyo wanu mwadzidzidzi anaukira chisoni, ife angofunika kuthera mphindi zochepa kumvetsera sonata lalikulu la wolemba kwambiri ndi zolemba zoipa mphepo ligwetsera.

Beethoven sonata phokoso mu magawo atatu osiyana zoipa ndi akuseŵera bwinobwino. Aliyense chigawo ntchito mu phokoso chapadera, kuti ndi munthu, mosiyana zikuchokera wina aliyense, koma ogwirizana ndi lingaliro limodzi ndi zolemba mlembi.

Ngakhale m'nthawi kuzindikira Sonata imodzi kwambiri kufika mbiri nyimbo yopanga, tikadwala nkhani peculiarity wa chilengedwe mu nthawi ya moyo Beethoven a.

Mozart - skripochnyh Affairs katswiri

Mozart sonata lero kudziwika onse pa dziko pafupifupi aliyense wa anthu ake. Chifukwa chomasuka kaphatikizidwe phokoso ndi zapadera lilt nyimbo ya Wolemba uyu ali otchuka lero.

Mlembi wake woyamba kulengedwa wamng'ono walenga zaka 6. Ndipo ine adzapitiriza kukupatsani kwa luso la nyimbo 1788. Okwana iye anatha kulenga katswiri oposa 30 chinaonekeranso kudzera mu ntchito za violin.

Iye anapita mu mbiri monga namatetule kumadziseka mukalakwitsa, Ngokhoza kulenga ndi kusakaniza nyimbo ngati mbalame zikuimba tsiku masika. Kalembedwe "kucheza nyimbo" ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu anakonda ndi wokongola.

Zapamwamba polenga zolengedwa nyimbo

sonatas Mozart anawalemba "titero, pakati pa nthawi" - kuti wolemba analemba kuti bambo ake. Komanso, osati kupereka kumulakalaka wapadera zeze, ndi Mozart adalipo kulenga nyimbo chodabwitsa nyimbo limodzi ndi zipangizo zina zoimbira.

Aliyense ntchito amapereka maganizo Mozart. Ndi analenga nyimbo anasonkhana watanthauzo omveka kuona zochitika odziwa. Nthawi zambiri pa pepala nyimbo angapezeke zinachitikira kulankhulana ndi ichi kapena munthu ameneyo. Ndipo ndithudi, chinthu chachikulu cha kudzoza kwa nyimbo zimapeputsa kukonda Aloysia Weber.

Music kumvetsetsa Mozart

Anayamba ntchito nyimbo zochokera maganizo kulemba sonatas kwa zoimbaimba kunyumba. chilakolako Special kwa ntchito Mozart ndi chifukwa cholephera oimira Army. The kulakalaka kwambiri buku yomweyo ntchito zoimbira zobisika zikumveka mosavuta. Zosonkhanitsa anali pachiyambi analengedwa kuti cholinga cha kugulitsa mwamsanga.

Kumvetsetsa Sonata Mozart a - ndi zophweka ndipo kulenga ndege ya lingaliro la Wolemba, osati akudzinenera kukhala opambana, ndipo angatsutse kuti kutsutsako kuchokera kunja.

Kaya chiwerengero cha yofanana anali sangapezeke mwa mankhwala, ndi zolemba komaliza nthawi yodziwika ndi kusasamala wapamwamba. Pomaliza mphindi melodic zimapangitsa womvera kuyiwala za zimene anali kumvetsera. Kaya chochitika angaone ntchito, wolemba anayesera kumusonyeza "osangalala kutha."

A pang'ono za Haydn

Ngati mukufuna kuti agwera mu nyanja ya zochitika chadzaoneni, Haydn sonatas woyenera sakanakhoza kukhala bwino kwa izi. Aliyense kambalame ntchito zoimbira za Wolemba watiuza za mchitidwe wa ngwazi.

ndiAmene angapo a dziko nyimbo mukudziwa kuti Haydn anakhalapo m'nthawi ya Mozart ndipo anakhalabe kucheza kwambiri ndi iwo. zolengedwa nyimbo ya wolemba Austria zokondweretsa kumva connoisseurs ambiri nyimbo zabwino lero.

A kalembedwe kuti lilipo chifukwa atayanika aliyense Sonata, ndi chikhalidwe otchuka a Austria, pafupifupi sanasinthe zili m'chimake. Mwachitsanzo, Sonata "E zazing'ono" n'chosiyana kukondwa, jocularity, akuseŵera bwinobwino, liveliness. Nyimbo ya izi mankhwala cholinga kuwala ndipo anadabwa onse ozungulira. A pang'ono nthabwala amapereka kukongola kwambiri.

"Nkhani" ndi Haydn

Aliyense wa osakaniza nyimbo zoimbira ndi nkhani ya moyo osiyana. Ndi zodabwitsa, koma m'pofunika kumvera ndi ntchito mu mutu okha uka nkhani, zithunzi, zochita anachita anapanga. Izi sonatas ndi Haydn ndi kutenga womverayo.

Mpaka lero, palibe katswiri nyimbo dziko sangathe kusonyeza nkhani yake ndi sizikakutherani ngati kuti amatipatsa Haydn. Mbali yoyamba ya sonatas ndi - osakaniza zotsutsana za zosiyana nyimbozo. Mid akupereka melodic lilt pang'onopang'ono mayendedwe. Monga ulamuliro, mu gawo ili la ntchito anamva chisoni, wistful cholemba. Ndipo kumapeto womverayo akhoza kumva cholowa cha nthabwala, akuseŵera bwinobwino, kumva mpweya wa moyo.

Zingaoneke, kokha Sonata ... No, ndi zenera mu dziko lina, mu moyo wina, kwenikweni wina, yemwe amadzitcha kuti akhale omasuka!