Homo floresiensis (Homo floresiensis): Kufotokozera

Mu 2003, dziko anali kulalikira uthenga wabwino wa anapeza zokopa anapanga zinthu zakale pa Indonesia chilumba cha Flores. Mu mmodzi wa mapanga zachilengedwe, wotchedwa Liang Bua, amene mitembo anapezeka kale kudziwika kwa mitundu sayansi nyenyezi yaing'ono ya anthu akale, ali ndi kukula mwapadera otsika kuti palibe mita kuposa wina, ndi buku modabwitsa ka ubongo. Mtundu watsopano wotchedwa Homo floresiensis, kapena ayi - floresiensis anthu.

Akupeza loyamba la ulendo wa

Kupezeka chonchi anali yoyamba yaitali yolemetsa ntchito. Olowa Indonesia Australia ulendo kutsogoleredwa ndi Mike Morwood ndi Panzhita Sudjono kuyambira kuchita zinthu zofukulidwa pachilumba cha Flores mwamsanga 2001. Liang Bua phanga, iwo sanali osankhidwa mwangozi, monga Sudjono kale ntchito kumeneko ndi gulu lina la asayansi, ndi kumtunda kwa zigawo chikhalidwe anali ndi nthawi iwo anatsegula.

Kale chaka choyamba ntchito pa Flores, anabweretsa kwambiri chidwi wa. Kulowerera mu zigawo zambiri wakale wa chitayiko, ofukula ambiri mafupa osiyana nyama wakale, zinatha kalekale zaka zikwizikwi zapitazo. Pakati makombo awa mafupa anapezeka Stegodon - achibale njovu amakono mbisoweka ku nkhope ya dziko lapansi zikwi khumi ndi ziwiri zapitazo, komanso wotchuka Komodo zimbalangondo - yaikulu ya abuluzi alipo, kufika kutalika mamita atatu.

Zotsalira za wakale phanga wokhalamo

Komanso, anali anapeza zizindikiro momveka bwino kukhala mu malo awa a anthu akale. Izi anali umboni ndi zotsalira za zipangizo mwala a nyengo Paleolithic, chibwenzi kumbuyo osachepera zaka miliyoni ziwiri ndi hafu. Mu chaka chomwecho manja asayansi ndipo anali kanali koyamba wakale okhala m'mapanga Liang-Bois. Izi zinali bwino utali wozungulira, kumene kunali mbali ya mkono, koma yaing'ono kwambiri ndiponso oddly yokhota kumapeto.

Ngakhale zambiri atulukira, ndi iwo, ndipo anabweretsa zinsinsi ofufuza mu 2003. More tsankho mafupa anapezeka mu January a munthu wamkulu mbewa wamkazi, komanso umasiyana miyeso modziwika yaing'ono. Akatswiri amanena msinkhu wake unali pafupi khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu zaka chikwi. Kuwonjezera mafupa ena cholowa asayansi wakhala ndithu bwino anasunga chigaza cha wakale phanga wokhalamo. Ngakhale pa Koyamba, onse anakantha buku laling'ono a Chigaza, ndipo motero lagona kamodzi ubongo.

Ntchito zipangizo zopezeka

Ena mavuto ntchito ndi mafupa amayambidwa chifukwa chakuti, chifukwa cha chinyezi nthaka sanali unayambira, koma inali yotsika lotayirira ndi kapangidwe supple. Ife tinali kukhala osamala kwambiri. Kuwapulumutsa iwo pa malo udaikidwa namanga mankhwala yapadera, imene inali mwamsanga-kuyanika zomatira ndi msomali osalala. N'kosavuta kwa ndikuganiza kuti luso akhoza kubwera ndi mkazi. Ndithudi, anayambitsa njira imeneyi inali Thomas Sutikina - nthumwi ya gulu la Indonesia ofukula zinthu zakale.

kungoganizira A kufotokoza anapezazo chitetezo

Phanga mwambo maliro Liang-Bois kwa zaka zinachitika, umboni ndi kuchuluka kwa mafupa a anthu, papezeka ocher ndi kunama interspersed ndi zodzikongoletsera zopangidwa kuchokera zipolopolo nyanja anapeza kumeneko. Komabe, mwamuna wamng'ono bwino sizinali za chiwerengero chawo. Chodabwitsa ndi bwino kuti zinasungidwa mafupa. Ngakhale articulation a mafupa ena sanathyoledwe.

Malinga ndi asayansi, choncho chitetezo kuzifotokoza ndi chakuti chidina hominids (amene anawagwiritsa ntchito pofotokoza banja la anyani lalikulu, monga anthu) atamwalira anju odzipereka mu dziwe laling'ono, kapena kungoti m'matope. Izi Adam'teteza ku zilombo scavenging.

Ngati kopanda ichi ndi choona, Homo floresiensis si yekha kupeza kuti Yehova waliteteza monga Chifukwa "kusamala". Tsoka womwewu nawo inapezeka Ethiopia a kutali Australopithecus chibwenzi mmbuyo zaka mamilioni atatu, ndipo anapeza kuti ku Kenya fupa mnyamata amene anakhala theka la zaka miliyoni ina.

mfundo zina za chotulukira

Chaka chotsatira, mu 2004 kuphanga anapereka asayansi atulukira latsopano la mafupa a anthu pang'ono kuti anathandiza mokwanira recreate tione awo ndi zambiri molondola kwambiri anakhazika chibwenzi. Ngati poyamba ankaganiza kuti hominids chidina ankakhala m'dziko 12 mpaka 95 chikwi. Zaka zingapo zapitazo, kuphunzira zambiri mtembo wa ntchito kusanthula radioisotope anathandiza Ndikuchepetsa tsiku zosiyanasiyana ndi kuchepetsa nthawi yake pakati pa 60 ndi 100 zikwi. Zaka.

Characteristically, ankagwiritsidwanso anapeza zida wosazindikira kwambiri mwala. Izi zikusonyeza kuti Homo floresiensis anali kale angakonze kuti zipangizo zachilengedwe zigwiritsidwe ntchito kusaka ndi kumanga.

Kusamvana za dzina la mtundu anapeza

Pamene asayansi kuona kuti iwo anapeza mtundu watsopano, nthumwi zake yomweyo dzina hobbits. Chotero anaitana otchulidwa Fairy-nthano ku ntchito za wotchuka wolemba English John Reueli Tolkien ndi "Ambuye wa mphete." Malinga ndi munthu wamng'ono uyu ndinali kutchedwa Homo hobbitus.

Komabe, asayansi ambiri, amene anali munthu wotchuka Australia paleontologist Piter Braun, ndi kukayika kulikonse ngati mukhoza kuvomereza kwa mtundu wa Homo, ndiye kuti anthu. Chifukwa makani anali mbali khalidwe wogwidwa izi malasha mitundu. Makamaka, onse osokonezeka kukula modabwitsa otsika ndi sikunachitekepo ndigwira ubongo buku - katatu kakang'ono kuposa anthu wamba. Panokha, Brown adaganiza kupeza dzina Sundantropus. Komabe, chifukwa cha zokambirana yaitali, tinakhazikika pa zatchulidwazi Homo floresiensis - Homo floresiensis.

Kumverera kwa kumayenda pamtunda woyenera pozungulira dziko

Pakuti nthawi zambiri woyamba anatulukira chodabwitsa anapanga m'phanga la Liang Bua kuonekera mu 2004 mu magazini Nature. Izo zisanachitike, ndi pafupifupi chaka chonse zobisika, kuyambira chikuoneka pa TV chingalepheretse buku la buku lino mwangwiro sayansi. Komabe, atangochimwa maonekedwe a khofi chipinda Homo floresiensis (Hobbit) wakhala umodzi wa mitu yaikulu ya manyuzipepala zikwi zisanu ndi magazini, ndi za Websites zikwi zana. About iye otchuka sayansi filimu anatumidwa ndi odziwika TV njira National Geographic ngakhale anajambula.

Kuyesa mbiri yoipayi

Monga tanena padziko zotsalira pa chilumba cha Flores, m'masiku oyambirira inayambitsa mkangano pakati pa asayansi. Iwo anali amene ali ndi ulamuliro kunena kuti patsogolo pawo - asayansi kumiza mtundu wa anthu amene anali kale kudziwika kwa sayansi, kapena chifukwa cha kusintha pathological kuti akhala akukonza chifukwa wina ochiritsira anthu oyambirira, lotchedwa sapiens Homo.

Kuti tiyankhe funso limeneli, Indonesia ndi katswiri kutsogolera m'munda wa paleoanthropology Teuku Yakobo anatenga onse opezeka mafupa a malo kafukufuku Jakarta ndipo anawaika choyezera. Iye anali wokhoza kuchita chifukwa cha tionane ndi Pandzhitom Sujan, ali mmodzi wa atsogoleri a ulendo wa. Dziko la sayansi akhadikhira chifukwa cha kufufuza, koma pasanathe miyezi itatu wasayansi wotchuka anali chete.

Zosokoneza mu dziko sayansi

Pomaliza anzake chipiriro anathawa, ndipo anayamba kuuza Yakobo anapatsa mwayi zotsalira zina asayansi ndi kusiya ili kumapeto okhawo amangonena za iye ndi omuthandizira ake. Chifukwa, mafupa chabwezedwa kwa Jakarta, koma osati kwathunthu ndi pang'ono kuonongeka. Iye anaswa manyazi aakulu, monga pamene Homo floresiensis koma anaonekera pa masamba kutsogolo manyuzipepala, ndi choncho walandira lonse nkhani.

Zotsatira zinali zoletsedwa pa boma la Indonesia kupitiriza zofukulidwa m'phanga la Liang-Bois. Pa nthawiyi, pa TV padziko lonse anali maganizo kuti chokana kulowa kumalo anapeza asayansi chidina hominid chifukwa mantha kwa mbiri ya Yakobo, amene ankaona kunyada kwa sayansi dziko.

chakuti iye anali mdani tchalitchi cha zinadziwika kuti mabwinja a mtundu watsopano wosadziwika, komanso kupitiriza ntchito angakubwezereninso umboni kutsutsa mfundo yake maganizo, ndipo potero kunyoza ulamuliro wa sayansi Indonesia, anaganiza kuti pachiswe izo. Apitirize kuphunzira zinali zotheka mu 2007.

kupitiriza

Pambuyo pamwambapa anafotokoza zinthu mu nkhani yaitali pa patsogolo yomanga si atagonjetsa pa TV, ndi kokha mu 2015 inali kudziŵika kuti watsopano ulendo m'mayiko ntchito pa chisumbu cha Flores. nthawi iyi, iye ikufotokoza phanga kale anapeza polumikiza ndimeyi mobisa ndi Liang-Bois. Amaganiza kuti ayenera kukhala madipoziti oyambirira. Malinga ndi asayansi, mtundu wa m'phanga izi zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyumba yosungiramo katundu ndi zotheka maulendo kuthawa mu nkhani ya ngozi zosayembekezereka.

Ena kunja kusiyana Homo floresiensis

Monga tanenera, ndi zizindikilo yaikulu ya floresiensis anthu ang'ono kukula kwake zochepa kukula ndi cranium, komanso mochititsa osiyana mu dongosolo kwa amene limabweretsa Homo sapiens. Mwachitsanzo, mu chigaza olumikizidwa ku makina chibwano protrusion. Nthawi zambiri, kunenepa ndi kutalika kwa mafupa, komanso mbali payekha kulola kunyamula nayo mitundu m'munsi wa munthu wosazindikira, monga Australopithecus.

Atangochoka mabuku zokhudzana atulukira floresiensis anthu, anayesera kuti recreate maonekedwe ake. Iwo anali nawo ambiri aluso otchuka ndi Osema amene amakhazikika mu munda wa Anthropology. Kukhazikitsanso choyamba chimachokera kwa Peter Shutenu, kulenga zojambula zochokera mosamala kwambiri mafupa a munthu.

Iye anatsatira ndi ntchito yake atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena za ziboliboli Elizabet Deyne anayambitsa. Mkaziyo ali ndi mndandanda wa zidutswa oonetsa 2007 pa Paris Museum wa munthu ndipo ndi kukhazikitsanso zinachokera zimene anakhala wa hominid chakale kwambiri mitundu sayansi anthu amakono.

Mu 2012, njira yatsopano anatengedwa umenewu. Dr. Syuzen Heyz ku Australia, ntchito njira ntchito mankhwala azamalamulo, kubwezeretsa nkhope Flo a - ndi dzina la mkazi, amene mitembo ankagwidwa m'phanga la Liang-Bois. Otsatidwa ndi gulu la ofufuza ku New York anapanga kusanthula scrupulous ya kompyuta a Chigaza lapansi. Mapeto onse anali pa nambala ya malo floresiensis anthu pafupi sapiens Homo, ndipo chotero, amanena za kusintha pathological, omwe anakhala chifukwa cha maonekedwe ake zachilendo, ayenera kuonedwa ngati untenable.