Flores Island: zokopa, zithunzi ndi ndemanga

Bakuman Island, yomwe ili kum'mwera kwa Indonesia zilumba, mawonekedwe ake akufanana ndi nsomba ndi mchira wautali. Mpaka posachedwapa, iye anali odziŵika kwenikweni alendo, ndipo tsopano alendo zambiri amapita malowa wochezeka kuti akulonjeza Zopatsa onse nyanja.

maluwa chilumba

Chidwi chilumba cha Flores (Indonesia) anatulukira mwangozi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XVI. Chotero dzina wokongola iye anapatsidwa Boma Chipwitikizi, akutama chitayiko zamaluwa paradaiso. Izo zakhala zaka zisanu kuchokera kutsegula ake, ndi chikhalidwe malo achilengedwe ndipo poona chidwi chachikulu cha chilumba chiphala. Wowoneka Area, wazunguliridwa ndi zomera zosowa ndi otentha masamba, mozindikira anazindikira chilumba zamaluwa.

malo Unspoilt kupereka mwayi wapadera agwera mu dziko matsenga chikhalidwe. Modabwitsa, maluwa ndi nyama zambiri Flores zisungidwe pa nthawi imene dziko moyo zinyamazi chachikulu. zomera zosiyanasiyana ndi zomera - chifukwa china chachikulu kuno patchuthi, kuti kuona bwinobwino wapadera wa Paradaiso Wotayika padziko lapansi.

The Catholic malo okha Indonesia

Zokongola Flores chilumba - ichi ndi malo okha mu Muslim Indonesia, kumene chipembedzo chachikulu ndi Chikatolika. Pamene Chipwitikizi anapereka Netherlands njuchi awo apa ntchito Mkhristu izo unakhazikitsidwa. Akatolika kutembenuza m'deralo, ndipo sanali kulowelera za eni latsopano mu Sacramenti ya ubatizo mkhalidwe waukulu kulanda dera.

mbadwa Mucherezane njira chikhalidwe cha moyo

Pa Indonesia chilumba cha Flores ndi kunyumba kwa anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni 1.8, mwansangala asatambira alendo. Ndipo chinthu choyamba ndikuuzeni alendo ndi ngodya zosowa - bwino ndi anthu a m'deralo moyo pa njira ya makolo. Onse anaona kudzipatula m'zilumba zamakolo moyo pa mtunda ndi mzake, chifukwa motsutsana omveka pakati pa anthu.

Waukulu wopalidwa msewu pafupi zaka makumi awiri zapitazo, ndipo kale kuti mbadwa sindinayambe magalimoto ndi mabasi anawona. Mwa njira, pachilumbachi pali zambiri midzi yakale, umene mbadwa kuyang'ana ngati iwo anabwera ndi zithunzi archival wakuda ndi woyera. Choncho, pamene tilankhula za chitukuko pristine, izo si chikhalidwe komanso moyo am'deralo, kusonyeza chodziwa chidwi alendo.

Zokongola Flores chilumba ufulu wodzilamulira mu 1945, amadziwika chakuti anthu saloledwa kusaka zinsomba panjira wakale.

Atatu Chigwa nyanja, kusintha mitundu

Phiri wotchuka kwambiri, achisangalalo ndi Kelimutu atatu Chigwa nyanja kuti kusintha mtundu wa madzi, asayansi lero kukanganiranabe chifukwa cha chodabwitsa chidwi. Padangokhala pambuyo kuphulika anapanga M'mimbamo laling'ono, limene lidzasandulike nkukhala nyanja zodabwitsa.

Aaborijini piously amakhulupirira kuti mizimu ya anthu akufa amakhala kusintha mtundu wa madzi, ndi kuti kusintha mtundu chifukwa mkwiyo wa makolo. nyanja lili pa mtunda ndi enawo, mpumulo wa miyoyo ya anthu, molungama anakhala ukalamba.

Awiri Chigwa ena odzazidwa ndi madzi, anakonza pafupi wina ndi mnzake. Lakes limene amakhala mizimu ya anthu akufa adakali oyambirira achinyamata ndi ochimwa, amene anabweretsa zoipa kwambiri, kudziwika kwa dziko lonse. Madzi kusintha mitundu, wokhala ndiye zobiriwira, kenako wofiirira-wakuda, magazi-ofiira.

mafotokozedwe asayansi

Komabe, asayansi ali ndi mfundo zawo ndi maganizo awo. Zimafotokoza zochitika zachilengedwe ndi kukhalapo kwa mchere kusungunuka ndipo mulengeze kuti zidalira pa zochita mankhwala zikuchitika mu madzi. Komabe, akatswiri ena akukhulupirira kuti kusintha mtundu chifukwa mpweya paphirilo kulowa m'nyanja.

chodabwitsa zachilengedwe

Panopa zachilengedwe zodabwitsa, amene anazindikira padziko lonse, wakhala amakonda kopita kwa alendo ochokera padziko lonse, atchedwe chikondi kwa chilumba zodabwitsa. Alendo kufunafuna apa kuona dzuwa pamwamba pa Kelimutu, kuonera sewero zamatsenga dzuwa padziko madzi a nyanja.

galasi phanga

Cave Batu Cermin - kukopa china cha kwanuko. Ufumu mobisa ili mu thanthwe ndi machesi waufulu. Apa mutha kuona zotsalira za akamba mwala ndi nsomba, mumasilira chipinda takambiranazi ndi mizati, stalactites chokhala maganizo wosangalatsa. Monga alendo wa chisumbucho, pa ora ena a dzuŵa kugwa mwa dzenje padenga akuzindikiridwa ndi mamiliyoni kalirole akagwidwa ndi zikanga mchere. Kuti tikhale ndi chithunzi zodabwitsa malo m'phanga anachokera m'madera osiyanasiyana a dziko lathuli.

Labuan Bajo

Kumadzulo kwa chilumbachi ndi yaing'ono kwabasi mudzi umene alendo kupembedza Flores, kulota magombe zamatsenga ndi loonekeratu madzi. M'mudzi kuwatenga okonda onse pamadzi.

Chabwino, ngati inu amatopa ulesi holide, inu mukhoza kupita ku munda, kumene kukula ngale, kapena kuyendayenda kudzera phanga mwachinsinsi, amene anatchuka chifukwa Indonesia. Apaulendo kuti apa pali malo opanda phokoso panokha ndi chirengedwe, ndi mwayi kuyenda chete mtheradi chidwi kwa anthu amene ali otopa ndi phokoso la m'mizinda ikuluikulu.

Badzhava

Chilumba wapadera Flores, ngakhale dipolo nthawi yaitali ntchito ya amishonale, anatchuka chifukwa miyambo ya makolo. City Badzhava chidwi mwa alendo amene akufuna kudziwa bwino ndi miyambo yachikunja. Ndi malo Ngadha chipembedzo ndi chidwi mix wa Chikatolika ndi mwambo wa makolo.

Alendo kwa nzinda kukondwerera megaliths bwino anasunga - mizimu ya malo opembedzera, ndi malo onse analibiretu zinapatsira ndi chikhalidwe lachinsinsi.

Timatha sayansi

Chilumba wapadera Flores chapeza wotchuka kwambiri pambuyo buku la zotsatira za zinthu zofukulidwa m'mabwinja asayansi. Apeza anapeza m'phanga la Liang Bua, wakhala weniweni sayansi zotengeka. Zachilendo anthu kukula fupa limodzi mita kakang'ono kukula kwa thupi asayansi amadabwa kwambiri, omwe poyamba, kutenga mafupa a mwana.

Komabe, pambuyo mosamala, chinapezeka kuti zotsalira za hominids wakale, lotchedwa Homo floresiensis. Floreziansky munthu anali ndi modabwitsa yaing'ono ubongo kukula, masekeli magalamu 400, n'chifukwa chake okambirana asayansi kukambirana mphamvu aluntha a anthu akale okhala chilumba cha Flores (Indonesia).

"The Hobbit", monga otchedwa zinthu zakale zamoyo, ndi opulumuka otsiriza a mitundu anthu, osati kuphatikizapo sapiens Homo.

Nakhodka, kuwonongedwa zosiyana

The pa muzu wa dongosolo mwadongosolo anatembenuka paleoanthropology chikhalidwe. Asayansi ndi chidwi ndi funso la malo a nyenyezi yaing'ono hominid banja mtengo munthu. Kumene anachokera ndipo zimene ndinakhala pa chisumbu kuti zayamba chifukwa cha ntchito chiphala?

Pambuyo atulukira akatswiri latsopano mafupa anapeza kuti pa Indonesia chilumba cha Flores zaka zambiri, otchedwa hobbits anakhala 950 kumbuyo, ayenera, muli m'dziko yobwerera ku nyanja.

kutulukira zinthu zatsopano

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti kakang'ono kamodzinso kudabwa ofukula anomalies zachilendo. Mwamwayi, hominids coexisted ndi mbalame yaikulu, kukula kwa amene ali kawiri kuposa kukula kwa hobbits kuti anakhala pakati pa zinyama wosangalatsa wa Indonesia chilumba cha Flores.

500 zapitazo, malinga zakale mbalame zina chimphona preyed pa anyamata. Mbalame kuchokera Aistova banja kusiyana ndi congeners ena: kulemera choposa makilogalamu 15, ndipo mtengo kukula pafupifupi mamita awiri. maganizo oti anapangidwa pambuyo kafukufuku chimphona mbalame zina mafupa, pa chisumbu.

mikangano asayansi

Tsopano pali mikangano kaya, chifukwa cha zimene atumiki zinatha wakale ndi mbalame chiphona. Mu achidule a sayansi, iwo anapha kuphulika chiphala, chifukwa mafupa onse anapezeka pansi wosanjikiza phulusa. Mwina kudera lakutali zotsalira wakale zidzakhalire lero, monga pa nyumba pafupi Komodo abuluzi yaikulu.

Chirichonse chimene icho chinali, koma pa Indonesia chilumba cha Flores 500 zapitazo, ngati mtundu wa Nowa Likasa, anali zotsalira za pedigree wakale wamoyo.

Wopita kwabasi Flores, udatuluka mwa mthunzi wa zilumba zambiri wotchuka, amalonjeza tchuthi odabwitsa ndipo zosiyanasiyana zosangalatsa. Apa analengedwa makhalidwe abwino kwa chibwana yekha, ndi mitunda kwabasi pangani kukhala mu malo wokongola, osati kuchuluka kwa alendo, wapadera.