Anthu akale: mawonekedwe kuti chitukuko loyamba

Anthu m'madera ano sayansi palibe kugwirizana kuti pamene dziko ali woyamba wosazindikira munthu. The nsomba wonse, amene kwenikweni mu mndandanda wonse wa makolo athu bipedal ankaona munthu ndipo kodi i: ubongo buku, kupezeka kwa zipangizo, mlingo wa gulu, anthu chitukuko cha magawo ena thupi. Chirichonse chimene chinali, munthu wakale wakhalapo pa dziko nthawi yaitali kwambiri za nthawi. Watalika, zimene uli wonse wa mbiri yathu olembedwa.

Paleolithic

Nthawiyi tinganene kuti mapangidwe yomaliza ya sapiens woyamba Homo, anaonekera mu Upper Paleolithic (50-10 zikwi. BC. E.). Ndiye iwo anapanga m'dera mafuko, amene adzakupatsani dziko loyamba. Akutukuka zikhalidwe wosazindikira, zikhulupiriro za chipembedzo. Chitsanzo fanizo ndi thanthwe kupenta wakale munthu kuwalitsa mumtima mwake. Mwina odziwika bwino kwambiri pa nkhani imeneyi ndi makoma a mapanga a Lascaux ndi Altamira, kusunga masiku ano n'zosadabwitsa zojambula woyankhula mwanzeru ndi zithunzi za cikhalidwe ndi wauzimu, kusaka ndi zina zotero.

anthu osiyana

N'zochititsa chidwi kuona kuti Paleolithic, monga asayansi amakono kukhulupirira, inali kuperekedwa nthambi angapo njira ya bipedal hominids. Mwachitsanzo, wotchuka Neanderthal lero sanalinso kukhala kholo la munthu ano, koma mapeto akufa, zinatha 40 zikwi zapitazo, nthambi, monga anthu wina. Mabaibulo chifukwa munthu wakale, ndi zambiri patsogolo luso, popeza katswiri kusaka luso, analamulira moto, sitingakhale ndi moyo mpaka tsiku lino, patsogolo achuluka: kuchokera kulephera chabe kuti azolowere zinthu zatsopano chilengedwe ndi oundana zinyalala kufalikira kwa chiwonongeko thupi la akalewa makolo athu - Cro-Magnon.

Zikamera wa chitukuko loyamba

Mtundu lotsiriza la anakwanitsa osati kuti tilimbane ndi mphamvu za chilengedwe, komanso kuti zikhale ake. chochitika Epochal anali otchedwa Neolithic utasintha. tanthauzo limeneli, kuimira kusintha kwa appropriating chuma wachibadwa, mwachitsanzo kusaka ndi kusonkhanitsa kwa zakudya - ng'ombe kuswana ndi kulima zomera zothandiza. chakuti munthu wakale waphunzira osati tingotenga chilengedwe zimamuthandiza, komanso kulenga chakudya chawo ndi mankhwala ntchito, analinganizidwiratu lofunika kusintha kwa dzikoli. The kusintha kwa zachuma zipatso kuyiwala za vuto chowawa njala, woyamba midzi yokhazikika - midzi wakale ndi m'midzi. Poyamba, zofooka madera kusaka zosiyanasiyana zinyama pa iwo amaika malire lachibadwa chiwerengero cha madera anthu. Kuwonjezera zokolola ntchito, omwe tsopano yodziwika ndi ulimi, kwachititsa kuwonjezeka kwambiri chiwerengero cha mafuko, specialization ntchito, stratification, anthu oyamba malamulo katundu. Inde, sangathe zotsatira polenga dziko loyamba padziko lapansi mu 7-6 Zakachikwi BC. Anthu a wakale Egypt, India, madera a ku Mesopotamia anali kale boma likuyendetsera, worldviews chikhalidwe komanso ya chipembedzo, chuma ndi ndale dongosolo. Mbiri ya anthu wayamba.