Nyani ndi anthu oyambirira wakale

Lingaliro Scientific Charles Darwin kuti anthu akale anachokera dziko nyama mwa kusankha zamoyo ndi kusintha (makhalidwe ndi ozindikira za thupi) zabwino, pa imodzi ndi theka zaka chinaperekedwa kwa anthu akukunyozani ndi kuukira otsutsa. Koma masiku ano, mfundo imeneyi imayendetsedwa ndi deta ya chibadwa zinthu zakale, cytology, ndi kulanga ena inakhala pamalo lalikulu mu sayansi kulungamitsa chiyambi cha munthu.

Kodi izo zonse zinayamba

Wachibale wake wapafupi wa munthu mu dziko masiku ano ndi chimpanzi. Ndicho anapeza majini zogwirizana ndi wathu kuposa 98%. Ndipo kusiyana mwakuwoneka ting'onoting'ono amaloledwa kuti tumphatumpha ku nyama kuuluka mu mlengalenga ndi kwadzidzidzi zimango. Ofufuza za m'ma XX, njira anyani ndi anthu eni zidzasankhidwa za miliyoni 6-8 zaka zapitazo, pamene bipedal choyamba, anapanga banja la hominids. Oyambirira malasha woimira makwerero imatengedwa kutchedwa Sahelanthropus. Iye anakhala miliyoni 6-7 zaka zapitazo, anayenda ndi miyendo iwiri ndi mafupa dongosolo kale mbali pang'onopang'ono. Amene Komabe, kunali pafupi kwa anyani. Ndithudi, sitingathe kunena kuti anali kale anthu akale. Ayi, koma hominids awa anali woyamba kuchoka nthambi za mitengo, ndipo anasankha kukhala mu udzu wa Africa, omwe kwambiri anasintha moyo wawo, ndipo pambuyo pake, kusintha thupi ndi chikhalidwe.

The yaitali zamoyo zinachita njira

Kuwonjezera Sahelanthropus, akatswiriwa anapeza nambala mbali zina za unyolo zamoyo zinachita: orrorin (anakhalako zaka 6 miliyoni zapitazo), imene onse Australopithecus (zaka 4 miliyoni zapitazo), Paranthropus (zaka mamiliyoni 2.5). Aliyense wa hominids anali zina nzeru poyerekeza ndi m'mbuyomu.

Woyamba nkhalamba

Real kugwedezeka m'njira zinachokera makolo athu anali zikamera wa Homo habilis (mwaluso) ndi Homo ergaster (ntchito), motero 2.4 miliyoni 1,9 zaka zapitazo. ubongo buku wakhala kwambiri lalikulu kuposa akalambula ake, ndipo iwo anali woyamba kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo achikale. Komabe, lero palibe kugwirizana mu dziko sayansi kuti amene ali anthu oyambirira m'njira wakale wa mawu. Asayansi ena kuitanira muyezo ambiri ntchito zipangizo, ena - zokhudza thupi ubongo buku (amene sanali koma ngakhale Homo habilis), ndipo ena - enaake a gulu chikhalidwe. Komabe, n'zodziwikiratu kuti poyamba athanzi munthu wakale otchedwa Cro-Magnon. Izi oimira oyambirira Homo sapiens anaonekera 40 zikwi zapitazo ku Ulaya, ndipo m'kupita anakhazikitsa mizinda yoyamba ndi States. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti anthu akale odziŵika monga akalewa, ngakhale kapangidwe kwambiri kuyambira chikhalidwe, kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo ndi moto, zomwe chikhalidwe (mu chipembedzo) salinso ankaona kuti kholo la anthu masiku ano, ndipo adamwalira chabe yotsiriza, zinatha zifukwa chosadziwika zaka 25 zikwi zapitazo. Kulankhula zosiyanasiyana zonena zimayambitsa kutha awo: kulephera kusuntha yotsatira glacial nyengo, ndi kusamuka kwa malo Cro-Magnon kusaka, ndi zina amalola kuti awonongedwe thupi la akalewa lomaliza.