Atsogoleri a Socialist-boma, mapulogalamu, njira ya kulimbana. Amene anali mtsogoleri wa Chiwukirano Party Socialist (SRs)?

Pa chiyambi cha XX atumwi motley kaleidoscope zochitika mkati ndale Russia anali ndi malo apadera Socialist-Chiwukirano Party, kapena, ngati iwo ali kutchedwa, Socialist-boma. Ngakhale kuti ndi 1917 iwo owerengedwa mwa zikuchokera awo anthu oposa, iwo analephera kuzindikira malingaliro awo. Zitatero, atsogoleri ambiri a SRs inatha masiku awo mu ukapolo, amene sanafune kusiya Russia, anagwa pansi gudumu ankhanza a Stalinist kupondereza.

Development wa chimango ndi ongolankhula

Chernov - mtsogoleri wa Chiwukirano Social Party - anali mlembi wa pulogalamuyi, iyambe kufalitsidwa mu 1907 mu nyuzipepala "Chiwukirano Russia". Bukuli lili pa chiphunzitso anaika angapo zapamwamba Russian ndi yachilendo ya zokomera lingaliro. Mu pepala ntchito, zikutsatiridwa kwa nthawi yonse kuli chipani, pulogalamuyi Analeredwa poyamba chipani msonkhano unachitika mu 1906.

Mwambiriyakale, SRs anali otsatira a populists ndipo, monga analalikira kusintha kwa mayiko sosholisimu mwa bata, sitinadzere mwa siteji capitalist chitukuko. Mu wake pulogalamu, iwo anamuyika patsogolo chiyembekezo cha nyumba voti zokomera anthu amene lalikulu udindo nyimbo ndi antchito malonda mabungwe komanso kumvera mabungwe. utsogoleri wake anasonyeza mwa yamalamulo ndi makonsolo.

Zoyamba za kumanga chikhalidwe chatsopano

Atsogoleri a Socialist-boma m'zaka za m'ma 20 ankakhulupirira kuti tsogolo la anthu ayenera maziko maziko a socialization ulimi. Malinga ndi iwo, adzayamba kumanga ake m'mudzi adzaphatikizapo makamaka lamulo umwini patokha dziko, koma osati nationalization ake, koma chabe lakuti umwini anthu, ufulu wokwanira zogulitsa. Kuutaya ayenera kukhala bungwe m'deralo, anamanga pa maziko demokalase ndi malipiro adzapatsidwa mosamalitsa malinga ndi chopereka leni aliyense wogwira ntchito kapena gulu lonse.

The chikhalidwe chachikulu kumanga tsogolo anthu zokomera, atsogoleri Socialist-Chiwukirano anakhulupirira demokalase ndi ufulu wa ndale ku mitundu yonse ya mawonetseredwe ake. Koma dongosolo Russian boma, mamembala AKP anali kumbali ya mawonekedwe feduro. Ndi mmodzi wa yofunika kwambiri zofunika ndi njila chifaniziro cha zonse zigawo a anthu osankhidwa matupi ndi mwachindunji dziko malamulo.

Pangani chipani

Choyamba chipani SRs selo unakhazikitsidwa mu 1894 mu Saratov ndipo anali pafupi zedi ndi gulu m'dera la anthu. Pamene iwo anali inathetsedwa, ndi Socialist-boma anayamba ntchito paokha. Iwo anali makamaka mu chitukuko cha zawo mapulogalamu ndi kupanga Kusindikizidwa timapepala ta komanso timabuku. Iye anatsogolera ntchito ya bwalo ili mtsogoleri wa Socialist-boma (SRs) wa zaka A. Argun.

Kwa zaka zambiri, gulu lawo chapeza ukulu ndithu, ndi mapeto a nineties selo yake unawoneka mu mizinda ikuluikulu. Chiyambi cha m'ma atsopano unali wotchuka ndi kusintha kandalama zikuchokera wa chipanichi. Anapanga nthambi zake ufulu monga "South SR Party" ndipo analenga mwa kumpoto kwa Russia "Socialist Union". Ndi nthawi, iwo ophatikizidwa ndi gulu chapakati, kupanga dongosolo amphamvu amene akhoza kuthetsa vuto dziko. M'zaka zimenezi, mtsogoleri wa Socialist-boma (SRs) anali V.Chernov.

Zoopsa ngati njira "Tsogolo"

Mmodzi mwa zigawo zikuluzikulu zofunika kwambiri wa chipanichi chinali awo "kulimbana Organization", analengeza palokha mu 1902. Wozunzidwayo woyamba anali Nduna ya za M'dziko. Kuyambira pamenepo njira chosintha kuti "tsogolo lowala" mowolowa manja ensanguine otsutsa ndale. Zigawenga, ngakhale membala wa SDP, anali malo kwathunthu yoyenda yokha ndi palokha.

Komiti ya Central, akuloza wovulalayo wake lotsatira, anatchula yekha kwa nthawi sikhala kuphedwa, kusiya zigaŵenga wathunthu gulu ufulu kanthu. Atsogoleri a kwambiri mobisa wa zambiri zinali Gershuni ndipo kenako anatulukira provocateur, wothandizila chinsinsi cha apolisi Azef.

SRs mtima kuti zochitika za 1905

Pamene dziko anathyola woyamba Russian utasintha, ndi Socialist-Chiwukirano atsogoleri anachita ake amantha kwambiri. Mu lingaliro lawo, izo sanali bourgeois kapena zokomera, ndipo ngati mkhalapakati pakati pa awiri. The kusintha kwa zokomera onse, iwo ankati, ayenera kuchitidwa mu magawo mwa bata, ndi mphamvu galimoto zitha kukhala mgwirizano wa anthu wamba, amene anapereka udindo waukulu, komanso proletariat ndi luntha ntchito. Chachikulu malamulo thupi, malinga ndi Socialist-boma, anali kukhala Assembly Constituent. anasankha mawu akuti "Land and Ufulu" chiphiphiritso zake zandale.

Kuyambira 1904 mpaka 1907 chipani ikuchitika zokopa zedi ndi ntchito mukubwadamuka. Zinabala mabuku ambiri malamulo, amene analembedwa kumene usilikali m'maudindo awo mamembala kwambiri. "Kulimbana Organization" amatanthauza za kuwonongeka kwa gulu chigawenga nthawi yomweyo. Kuyambira pamenepo, zochitika za ndale komanso pokhala decentralized, chiwerengero chawo chinawonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kukhala pafupipafupi, ndi kuphedwa ndale. The loudest a iwo mu zaka anali kuphulika kwa mphunzitsi wa Moscow meya anachita I. Kaliayev. Okwana nthawi iyi pali 233 uchigawenga.

Kusagwirizana mkati chipani

Mu nthawi yomweyo imayamba kulekana ndi chipani cha nyumba ufulu anapanga palokha bungwe landale. Izi kenako zinachititsa kuti mphamvu onongani ndipo kenako anayambitsa kugwa. Ngakhale msilikali wa Komiti ku Central maganizo kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mtsogoleri odziwika wa Socialist-boma mu 1905 Savinkov akufuna, ngakhale Ndondomeko ya mfumu, amene anapereka nzika ufulu ena, kulimbitsa mantha ndi wina wodziwika otchuka mu chipani - Azef - anaumirira kuchotsa ake.

Pamene First World nkhondo, mu utsogoleri chipani kunaonekera pa internationalist otchedwa, mothandizidwa makamaka mwa oimira phiko kumanzere.

Characteristically, mtsogoleri wa Kumanzere Socialist-boma - Maria Spiridonov - kenako anagwirizana ndi Bolsheviks. Pa February utasintha, ndi boma Social, adalowa gulu limodzi ndi Mensheviks-defencists anakhala chipani yaikulu ya nthawi. Iwo anali chizindikiro zambiri boma wogwirizira. Atsogoleri ambiri a SRs ali mmenemo kutsogolera udindo. Wokwanira kutchula mayina monga Alexander Kerensky, Chernov, N. Avksentiev ndi ena.

polimbana ndi Bolsheviks

Kale mu October 1917, SRs adalowa kukumana amphamvu ndi Bolsheviks. Mu pempho lake kwa anthu a Russia ndi dzina lake anachita otsiriza zida kulanda mphamvu misala ndi upandu. The Kupatsidwa wa Socialist-boma mu Zionetsero anasiya gawo la II Congress la Soviet Union. Iwo anali kabungwe kupulumutsa dziko ndi kusintha, amene ankapita ndi mtsogoleri odziwika wa Socialist-boma (SRs) nyengo Abram Gotz.

Pa chisankho Onse-Russian, ndi constituent msonkhano Socialist-boma analandira mavoti ambiri ndipo anasankhidwa wapampando wa mtsogoleri kwamuyaya kwa Socialist-Chiwukirano Party m'zaka za m'ma 20 - Victor Chernov. Council Party kupeza nkhondo yolimbana Bolshevism monga oyamba odzipereka, amene anali akuyendera pa Civil nkhondo.

Komabe, mantha ena chifukwa cha zochita zawo zinali chifukwa cha kugonjetsedwa ndi kumangidwa. Makamaka kwambiri ndi mamembala a AKP anaonekera kumbuyo mipiringidzo mu 1919. Chifukwa cha kusagwirizana kwapakati chipani anapitiriza kulekana a maudindo ake. Chitsanzo ndi chilengedwe Ukraine cha Socialist-Chiwukirano ake palokha Party.

Kutha kwa ntchito AKP

Kumayambiriro 1920, izo kutsirizitsa zochitika zake Party Committee Central, ndipo patatha chaka zinachitika ndondomeko imene ambiri anthu ake anali olakwa "zochitika odana ndi anthu." A mtsogoleri wakale wa ku Socialist-boma (SRs) anali zaka, Vladimir Richter. Iye anamangidwa kenako comrades wake.

Malinga ndi chigamulo cha bwalo anawomberedwa monga mdani makamaka oopsa kwa anthu. Mu 1923, a Socialist-Chiwukirano Party ali pafupifupi unatha mu dziko lathu. Kwa nthawi yaitali anapitiriza ntchito anthu ake okha, amene anali ku ukapolo.