Siam Country: Akale ndi pano

Mawu akuti "dziko la Siam" munthu sadziwa mbiri ya kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, zikuoneka kuti chinachake lowoneka ndi sanakhaleko. Pakali pano, pa nthawi anali boma amphamvu kwambiri amene anali pa anansi Bay, ndi lero ndi amodzi mwa malo otchuka kwambiri holide alendo Russian.

protohistory

Zinthu anapeza zofukulidwa m'mabwinja kutsimikizira kuti mayiko amenewa anali anthu alimi, amene ntchito zipangizo zamkuwa, osachepera, kale zaka 3500 zapitazo. Ndi chiyambi cha nthawi yathu ino alipo kale anapanga maukulu angapo. Anthu okhala m'mizindayo anali onyamula zinenero Mon-Khmer. Ena mwa iwo anatengera Chibuda m'zaka 6, ndi anthu a Cambodia amati Chihindu.

M'zaka za m'ma 9 m'dera la Siam ku North Vietnam walowerera ndi Thais, amene M'kupita kwa nthawi anakakhala m'madera ambiri ku Asia East.

Mu Middle Ages

M'zaka za m'ma 13 Thais anatha kugwirizana kukhazikitsa boma osadalira pa Sukhothai. pachimake anadza mu ulamuliro wa Mfumu Ramkhamhaeng, amene mwamsanga anatembenuka dziko lake ku umodzi mwa mitundu yamphamvu kwambiri ya ndiye Asia South-East. Makamaka, iye anawonjezera Sukhothai ndipo kumapeto kwa ulamuliro wake adalamulira zokhala mu mwala mndandanda wa zipambano zawo. Pambuyo pa imfa ya boma Ramkhamhaeng analipo pafupifupi zaka.

Ufumu wa Ayutthaya

M'zaka za m'ma 14, Sukhothai anali odzipereka ndi mnansi kum'mwera. State wa Ayutthaya linakhazikitsidwa ndi Rama Woyamba, amene ananena kuti mulungu. likulu lake mzinda anali aakulu kwambiri, kuti mosavuta kupikisana ndi ambiri mitu European a nthawi. Iwo Thais tikukhala mu kapangidwe kake, kwa nthawi yoyamba anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "Siamese" chifukwa akuti ake.

Siam dziko

Mu 1569 Ayutthaya anali kulamulidwa ndi asilikali m'Chibama. Koma anthu ake anatha kugwirizana athamangitse mdani. Pa nthawi yomweyo anaphatikizidwa boma la Ayutthaya Chiang Mai. Chifukwa ndi ufumu wa Siam.

Kwa zaka zinayi, pakhala zipilala zambiri ndi ntchito zina chikhalidwe zakuthupi ndiponso wauzimu.

Education chigamulo Chakri mzera

Mu 1767 ku Siam (izi ndi zimene dziko anauzidwa m'nkhani) kachiwiri litalanda Burma asilikali. Pomenyera ufulu wadziko la dziko lotsogoleredwa ndi General Choncho Shin, amene anakwanitsa kutulutsa ankhondowo, ndi kukhala pampando wachifumu wa angakuthandizeni lake lapamtima Pya Chakri. Ndi yotsirizira anakhala tate wa mafumu, amene adakali akulamulira Ufumu wa Thailand.

Relations ndi azungu

The akazembe a Mfumu ya Spain anafika ku Ayutthaya m'zaka 16 mochedwa. Koma pamaso pawo pali mobwerezabwereza tidapita amalonda European. Siam olamulira kumvetsa phindu kukhazikitsa kugona ndi alendo kunja. N'chifukwa chake mu 1608 anatumiza nthumwi ku Netherlands kwa mapeto a mapangano a mtendere ndi malonda. Posachedwa Siam (lero lomwe dziko anauzidwa pansipa) zinadziwika mu World Old malo zingamuthandize kuti kugwirizananso malonda, ndi pamenepo adawonekera British malonda positi ndi Dutch malonda ntchito.

A mfundo anzeru yachilendo ya mafumu Thai anali chifukwa kuti dziko lawo kupewedwa kulamulira ndipo anakhala mtundu wa ufulu zone pakati pa katundu kunja kwa mayiko akuluakulu a ku Ulaya.

M'zaka za m'ma 19

Kuti tipitirizebe kutaya ufulu wodzilamulira, dziko la Siam mu 1828 zinasaina pangano ndi Britain. Malinga ndi chikalata ichi, British analoledwa ufulu wochita malonda pa doko m'derali ndipo nkhani upandu zonse mwa Iye Ufumu Mfumukazi Victoria anayenera kumvetsa oweruza British. Patapita kanthawi, pangano ofanana yosainidwa ndi United States.

Mu 1851, anakwera mpando wachinayi chimango. Iye anaphunzira maphunziro kwambiri, kuphatikizapo kuphunzira zomwe a sayansi Western, ndipo anachita zambiri modernize Siam. Pamene pakhala nambala ya kusintha kwakukulu. Chief mwa iwo anali chiyembekezo chakuti ukapolo, chilengedwe cha dongosolo la chilungamo cha muyezo European ndi chiyambi cha ntchito yomanga njanji. Umu ndi njira Rama Chachinayi, nayikidwa kwa kugonjetsa umbuli zakale zomwe mpaka kukhalamo Siam.

Mbiri ya m'dzikolo ndi Mfumu Chulalunkorne (Rama V)

mfumu uyu, amene analandira mpando wachifumu atamwalira bambo ake Rama Chachinayi, anapitiriza malamulo a kusintha kuti bambo ake anayamba. Pansi ku dziko la Siam imayendetsedwa ndi Council boma, panali mautumiki 12, analowa kufalitsa ndalama pepala ndipo anatsegula sukulu. Komabe, zoyesayesa ake kusonyeza ufulu kwambiri mfundo yachilendo analephera kuzipeza ndi pafupifupi zinachititsa kuti kulimbana ndi France. Komabe, chaka cha 1898 mphamvu European anatsimikizira pa pepala cholinga chake osati mwapang'onopang'ono ulamuliro Siam.

Chulalunkorn anafuna m'zonse kulimbikitsa ubale ndi mafumu ndi maboma a mayiko Old World. Iye zambiri n'kupita kudziko lina. Apo iye woyesedwa osati mulungu, pamene izo zinapangidwira kunyumba, ndipo anachita ndi zosangalatsa mafunso okhudza chimene chimapanga Siam (izi ndi zimene dziko, mtundu wa anthu okhala kumeneko, ndi zina zotero.).

Mbiri ya boma mu zoyambirira za m'ma 20

Anayesetsa kwambiri Mfumu Chulalunkorna, pamene anataya mphero ambiri a m'gawo lake. Mu 1910, pambuyo pa imfa yake, anakwera wachifumu wa mwana, mfumu Rama chimodzi. Iye anali odzipereka Anglophile ndi mutu amanyadira General wa asilikali a Britain. Pansi pa dziko analowa First World nkhondo kumbali ya Entente. Ngakhale mphamvu aboma ananditumiza ku Europe, iye sanali kutenga mbali nkhondoyo.

Mfumu Rama chimodzi anafa pa zaka 44. mwana wake pa nthawi miyezi ingapo, kotero pa mpando wachifumu anatsimikizira mchimwene wa mfumuyo.

Kukwera

Seventh Board wa Rama, anali kukhala pa mpando wachifumu, palibe wapadera si chizindikiro. Komanso sanadziwe kuti dziko anapanga antimonarchist maganizo, zomwe zinachititsa kuukira yopanda magazi inayamba mu 1932.

The Mlengi wa kulanda boma la chinsinsi bungwe "Party anthu". mamembala ake, makamaka Thais amene anaphunzitsidwa ku Ulaya, ntchito chakuti mfumu inali mu dziko kukakhala Hua Hin, ndipo anagwira mphamvu Bangkok. Anatembenuka kukhala akapolo oimira 40 a m'banja lachifumu, komanso atumiki angapo ndi akazembe. Mfumu sakanachitira mwina koma kuvomereza zikhalidwe za "Party Anthu" umene tsopano anali kulamulira, malinga ndi malamulo a, lolembedwa ndi nthumwi za bungwe ili.

renaming

Mu 1939 chochitika zinachitika chifukwa cha zomwe lero tikhoza kumva funso: "Kodi dziko ankatchedwa Siam" Pofuna kulenga boma latsopano, boma inalamula renaming wa ufumu. nthota yaikulu inali mawu "Siam" anali mlendo kwa Thais. Monga njira mayina atsopano akufuna "Mueang Tai" ndi "Pratet Tai." Zitatero, onse euphonious zambiri ankaona kuti mawu akuti "Ufumu wa Thailand".

modernity

Lero, Thailand - amatanthauza boma lomwe ndi mafumu malamulo. Pa nthawi, dziko akukumana kwafalikira zachuma. Nkhani yaikulu yopezera ndalama ndi ulimi ndi ntchito zokopa alendo. Dziko palokha limapereka gasi, amene ankaona ndiwo magetsi. Komanso, Thailand ndi imodzi mwa Waogula Zinthu Kunja dziko lonse la nsomba ndi mphira.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa zomwe dziko ntchito kutchedwa Siam. Komanso, inu mukudziwa mfundo zina za mbiri yake, kotero inu kukhala ndi chidwi kwambiri kumva nkhani za atsogoleri pa ulendo wopita ku Thailand.