Mbiri Chelyabinsk mumzindawo. Tsiku la mzinda wa Chelyabinsk. Odula manja Chelyabinsk

Chelyabinsk - mzinda kuti ali malo 7 mu Russia mu mawu alionse. Chifukwa malo dera amangonena kuti Mungapeze Siberia, lomwe molondola akuganizira ntchito yake yofunika zoyendera likulu ndi kugwirizana pakati pa zigawo Russian. Mbiri ya Chelyabinsk ndipo kusinthika ake ku umodzi mwa malo ofunika kwambiri mafakitale dziko lathu chidwi kwa aliyense amene ali ndi chidwi ndi zakale za dziko lathu. Choncho, m'nkhani tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane.

History of dzina Chelyabinsk

Pa nthawi, Baibulo ambiri ndithu imatengedwa, chimene dzina malo anachokera ku mawu Turkic "Celebi" omwe anamasuliridwa kuti "kalonga" kapena "wophunzira". Palinso maganizo, zochokera nkhani ya mbadwa za atsamunda woyamba wa linga Chelyaba wotchedwa choncho chifukwa pa mundawo, mwachitsanzo. E. "Silәbe" ( "maganizo") mu Bashkir. Baibulo atsopano a m'kalatayo zikutsimikiziridwa ndi zolemba wotchuka akale German wapaulendo Ioganna Gmelina amene anali Chelyabinsk m'nyengo 1742.

maziko

Kufunika linga ili m'malire a Urals ndi Siberia, kunayamba chiyambi cha m'ma XIX.

Mwalamulo, amaganiza kuti kuyambika chaka Chelyabinsk - 1736 TH. Zinali ndiye mu malo aakulu m'mudzi Bashkir Chelyaba msilikali AI Tevkelev (Kutlu Muhammad) anaika Russian linga. Iye anayamba kumangidwa ndi chilolezo cha mwini dziko Tarkhan Taymasov Shaimova. Ichi chinali chifukwa chakuti pa nthawi ya Bashkirs sayeneranso ku misonkho msonkho ndalama zambiri. Kenako, kasamalidwe yomanga Chelyabinsk linga anapatsidwa Major J. Pavlutsky, limene, mogwirizana ndi malipoti ena, kwa zaka zingapo, m'malo mwa lamulo, anali kufunafuna malo kukhazikitsidwa mzindawo.

Mu zoyambirira za m'ma XVIII

Monga tanenera kale, mu 1742 Chelyabinsk (mbiri ya mzinda muli mfundo zambiri zochititsa chidwi) anapita I. G. Gmelin. Iye anali kufotokoza woyamba wa linga wa. Malinga ndi chikalata ichi, ilo linali pa gombe kum'mwera kwa mtsinje Miyass, ndipo anali ofanana Miyasskuyu mu dongosolo mpanda Komabe, inali yaikulu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, iye anali chabe khoma matabwa a mitengo vutoli, omwe ali ndi kutalika kwa pafupifupi 60 fathoms (160-170 m).

M'chaka cha 1748 mu Chelyabinsk anayamba kumanga mpingo woyamba wa miyala, omwe anakhala tchalitchi chachikulu cha chigawo Iset. Posakhalitsa, mzinda anayamba kukuza mwachangu, ndipo panali magulu osiyanasiyana pagulu.

Mu theka lachiwiri la m'zaka XVIII

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri mbiri yake zinachitika mu 1774, chaka kazembe A. Veryovkin akhoza kupirira kuzinga Pugachev. Koma patatha miyezi yochepa opandukawo anali wokhoza fufuzani Chelyabinsk ndipo anachita zimenezo mwa akuluakulu. Kumasulidwa kwa mzinda anathandiza General IA Dekolong anafika ndi reinforcements.

Ngati muli ndi chidwi ndi zimene chaka Chelyabinsk woyamba, monga mzinda, ichi 1781-TH - zaka 45 pambuyo maziko a linga la. Iwo anatenga nthawi yayitali ku mudzi Bashkir ndi linga inasanduka kuthetsa lalikulu. Zimenezi zinali zodzaza ndi awarding iye udindo wa mudzi wa chigawocho. Komanso, lamulo la Catherine odula yachiwiri ovomerezeka Chelyabinsk amene pansi pa chikopa zotsatirazi ndi zigawo othodwa ngamila.

Mu 1788, Chelyabinsk kunali chochitika padziko lonse: a gulu la madokotala, kutsogozedwa ndi S. Andrievskiy, anaphunzira zizindikiro tizilombo ta matenda, anapereka dzina kwa matenda, ndipo anatulukira seramu kuteteza yolimbana ndi matenda oopsa.

Mu XIX atumwi

M'ma latsopano zinali zodzaza ndi chitukuko cha malonda ndi ntchito zamanja. Chifukwa malo ake m'mayiko ambirimbiri ndiponso malo pa mwambo maulendo apaulendo (chovala manja Chelyabinsk ndi chinyezimiro cha mfundo imeneyi) kwa zaka za m'ma XIX, mzinda anatsimikiza anatenga udindo waukulu ku zamalonda wa Urals lapansi. Komabe, kukula mofulumira zinachitika 1892. Iye anali wokhudzidwa ndi kumalizidwa kwa njanji, amene chikugwirizana Chelyabinsk ndi zigawo European wa Russian Ufumu. Amadziwika kuti linalowererapo Alexander Chachitatu, amene sanaithetse zomangidwazo kale akufuna kumaphatikizapo sitima kudzera Kazan - Yekaterinburg - Tyumen yolambalalitsira mzinda. Popeza 1892, Trans-Siberia Railway anawonjezera zina kum'mawa. Kutumidwa a sitima Ekaterinburg mu 1896 chinathandiza kwambiri utakhala Chelyabinsk kutsogolera udindo m'munda wa malonda yapakati-dera. Wokwanira kuti mu zaka zingapo, msika m'dera anali woyamba mu Russia mwa mawu wotuluka yogula / kugulitsa chakudya, ndipo chachiwiri - malonda mu tiyi kunja.

Chelyabinsk kuti chiyambi cha XX atumwi

Mu 1897, Chelyabinsk anthu pafupifupi 20 000 anthu. Mu nkhani iyi, unkachitika kuwonjezeka lakuthwa, limene likugwirizana ndi zikamera wa midzi yatsopano padziko okwerera sitima (mudziwe zambiri za izi zikhoza kupezeka mwa kuchezera m'nyumbayi mbiri ya mzinda wa Chelyabinsk).

Likufanana ndi ichi, mzinda modernized ndi anatsegula sukulu m'minda osiyana, monga sukulu achipembedzo, progymnasium akazi, sukulu zina, sukulu malonda, etc .. Railway Club ndi Nyumba ya Anthu a zinamangidwa. M'dera la entrepreneurship, mu Chelyabinsk, panali 1500 malonda ndi mafakitale nyumba, chiwerengero pachaka zolowa za miliyoni 30 rubles. Zonse maofesi lotseguka malonda ndipo ambiri makampani akunja nawo mwa kundipatsako kwa Russian Ufumu pa nthawi makina kopitilira muyeso-zamakono ndi zida.

Pakuti mphamvu zolimba chitukuko ndi kukula inapita wa Chelyabinsk (mbiri ya mzinda wa mu zaka XVIII-XIX anapereka pamwamba), ngakhale anadziwika Zauralskaya Chicago. Pofika mu 1910 chaka ndi chinayi anthu a mumzindawo katatu ndi 1917-TH - kuchuluka kwa anthu oposa 70 000.

History of Chelyabinsk pa zochitika kunachitika mu zaka zoyambirira za mphamvu Soviet

Pambuyo October 1917 mzinda, monga ena a Russian Ufumu, anali mu kamvuluvulu zochitika. Malinga ndi osungidwa mbiri yakale ndipo pakuona mphamvu ya akulu ogwira ntchito polima osati mtendere, komanso mwankhondo.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mwa sayansi mbiri amaganiza kuti m'ziwawa Nkhondo itaulika May 14, 1918, pambuyo kupanduka wa Czechoslovak Corps mu yakumadzulo / e. Chelyabinsk siteshoni. Ngakhale zinthu zandale, mzinda anapitiriza kukhala. Makamaka mu 1918, achita m'Mphamvu Chelyabinsk chikepe, amene anali yofunika kwambiri kuonetsetsa tirigu m'maderawa.

Cha m'ma 1919 mu Chelyabinsk anabwezeretsedwa kwathunthu ndipo analenga boma latsopano, ndipo anakhala pakati zigawo, ndipo kenako ndi September 3, 1919 - chigawo.

Mu nthawi chisanadze nkhondo

Kumayambiriro a 1934, dera Chelyabinsk chinapangidwa ndi chigamulo cha Komiti Executive Central. mzindawo unakhala likulu lake utsogoleri, ndipo mu 1937 pang'onong'ono renaming Kaganovichgrad.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, osati pang'ono anasiya chitukuko mafakitale Chelyabinsk. Wokwanira kuti ngati 1919 mu mzinda pali makampani 2 okha kuyambira chiyambi cha 1930 kumeneko anayamba kugwira ntchito abrasive, thalakitala, ferroalloy, makina-chida ndi zomera nthaka.

Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo

Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Chelyabinsk World (mbiri ya mzinda kumapeto kwa XX m'ma izo ukauzidwa kenako) unathandiza kwambiri mu kuonetsetsa asilikali magalimoto oti muli nazo zida.

Kuyambira pachiyambi penipeni pa nkhondo mzinda analandira masauzande othawa kwawowo. Chifukwa, Chelyabinsk anthu wakula ndi nthawi 2.5, kufika anthu 630.000. Pamaziko a oposa 200 mabizinezi anasamutsidwa, ndi merging ndi mafakitale m'deralo inakhazikitsidwa zimphona mafakitale CHKPZ, Cmp, ChTPZ. Komanso, kuchokera 1941 mpaka 1945, Chelyabinsk (mbiri ya mzinda pa nthawi ino - ndi nkhani ya misa ungwazi ntchito ya anthu Soviet) anakhala pa mpando wa Commissars of makampani thanki, zipolopolo, sing'anga makina zomanga ndi mphamvu.

Nthawi imeneyi panali kugwirizana mphamvu ya m'dera fakitale thalakitala anasamutsidwa kuchoka Kharkov injini zomanga ndi Leningrad Kirov Bzalani. Izi zidzapangitsa kuti ulimi wa akasinja T-34, mu nthawi umboni. Pa Chachiwiri World nkhondo 60 zikwi injini dizilo kwa nkhondowo inamva magalimoto oti muli nazo zida zinalembedwa ku Chelyabinsk. Komanso, pa mbewu wotchedwa Kolyuschenko katswiri yopanga wotchuka "Katyusha". Mabizinezi a Chelyabinsk mu 1941-1945-mamita motero kupanga ndi injini dizilo, zida, zida zamagetsi galimoto oti muli nazo zida, zitsulo za VMS ndi magalimoto thanki ndi zina zofunika chigonjetso.

nkhondo itatha,

Pambuyo kuwina Chelyabinsk anakhala katundu makina, zipangizo ndiponso anthu kubwezeretsa Donbass, Stalingrad, ndi Dniproges ena awonongeke, midzi ndi zofunika maofesi mafakitale ndi mphamvu za dziko lathu.

Mu 1947, izo wavomerezedwa ndi dongosolo chitukuko mzindawo. Chifukwa cha kukhazikitsa, okhala atsopano ndi zomera mafakitale.

M'chaka cha 1960, mzinda chawonjezeka kwambiri ndipo chiwerengero cha mabungwe a maphunziro apamwamba, ndipo mu 1976 zinatipatsa CSU, amene anakhala woyamba chakale yunivesite ya South Ural.

Makamaka kuchulukana kwa m'mafakitale Chelyabinsk chinalembedwa mu oyambirira 80s, pamene kampani anatenga udindo waukulu kupanga mipope zosapanga dzimbiri, ferroalloys ndi magalimoto pamsewu.

mzinda anayamba ndiponso zachikhalidwe. Makamaka mu 80s kumeneko linatsegulidwa nyumba yatsopano ya Drama Theatre pa mipando 1200, holo m'chipinda ndi chiwalo music, Geological owonetsera zakale ndi zipilala "Mu njira yatsopano" ndi Kurchatov.

Nthawi zamakono

Theka loyamba la "swashbuckling" 90s anakhala yovuta kwa Chelyabinsk, pakukhala kwa bankirapuse amakampani, si malipiro malipilo ndi mapulogalamu pansi-ndalama dera chikhalidwe. Mwamwayi zimenezi zinatha yochepa nthawi, ndipo pofika kumapeto kwa zaka khumi, mudzi wa anayambanso kupanga ntchito ndi mphero ambiri komanso mafakitale anabwera kwa dziko msika. Kuchira yakula m'madera ena. Makamaka, zinyama chinamasulidwa mu 1996. Mu 2004, mbiri ya m'misewu ya Chelyabinsk kudzadza ndi tsamba latsopano, wotchuka Kirovka anakhala pansi ndi kukhala amakonda malo kuyenda alendo ndi osakhalitsa. Patapita zaka ziwiri anasamukira ku nyumba yatsopano ya State zakale Museum ya Southern Urals anatsegula nyumba yatsopano, ndi mu 2009 - ayezi m'bwalomo "thalakitala" imene mipando 7500 masewera.

Kuyambira zochitika odziwika bwino zimene zinachitika mu Chelyabinsk mu khumi zapitazo, n'zotheka kudziwa kugwa kwa kugwa kwa miyala yochokera, pamene ku kuphulika zowonongeka nyumba 7320.

Tsiku la mzinda wa Chelyabinsk

Mu 2016, holide imeneyi inali yapadera. Ndipotu, mzinda pokondwerera chikumbutso ake 280th! Chelyabinsk tsiku anati September 10 zazikulu zikondwerero ndi zikondwerero wowerengeka. Total unachitikira zochitika 60. Choncho mmene zikugwirizanira iwo onse maola 24 kunali kosatheka chikondwerero anafalikira masiku angapo ndipo panafika anthu ambiri a nyenyezi likulu a.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa zomwe zinachitika chidwi zinachitika mumzinda wa Chelyabinsk. Lero ndi mmodzi wa zimphona mafakitale zathu mdziko lathu ndipo akuyang'ana m'tsogolo ndi chidaliro.

Ngati mukufuna mbiri ndi miyambo ya Chelyabinsk, onetsetsani kukaona tawuni chidwi chanu adzakhutira pambuyo kuyendera zakale ndi kusakanikirana ndi anthu am'deralo lapansi.