Udindo lankhondo la SS. Kagulu ka Wehrmacht ndi SS

SS - mmodzi wa mabungwe ambiri yolakwika ndi yoopsa m'ma XX. Kufikira tsopano, ndi chizindikiro cha nkhanza zonse ulamuliro wa Nazi ku Germany. Pa nthawi yomweyo, chodabwitsa wa SS ndi nthano kuti apite kwa anthu ake, ndi nkhani yosangalatsa kuphunzira. azambiriyakale ambiri amapezeka yachokera chikalatacho German awa "osankhika" a Nazi.

Tsopano ife kuyesetsa kumvetsa chikhalidwe chawo. SS kanali ndi mutu wa lero adzakhala mutu waukulu ife.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Kwa nthawi yoyamba SS chidule kwa mseri mayunitsi paramilitary chitetezo Hitler anagwiritsidwa ntchito mu 1925.

Mtsogoleri wa chipani cha Nazi ali atazunguliridwa yekha ndi alonda pamaso pa Beere Hall Putsch. Komabe, pamabwera mosabisa tanthauzo izo anapeza pokhapokha akhala kachiwiri alemba ntchito kwa kumasulidwa ku ndende ya Hitler. Ndiye SS tithe anali akadali woumira kwambiri - panali kukhala gulu la anthu khumi amene anatsogolera Fuehrer.

Cholinga chachikulu cha bungwe ili ndi kuteteza anthu a National Socialist Party. Asilikali tithe SS iyawonekambo patapita nthawi yaitali, pamene anapanga vaffen-kukolopa. Izi zinali ndendende amenewa mbali ya gulu limene tiyenera kukumbukira bwino kwambiri, monga iwo anamenyana pa kutsogolo, pakati pa asilikali wamba Wehrmacht, ngakhale ambiri anaimirira pakati pawo. Isanafike kuti SS anali paramilitary Komabe, koma "yapachiweniweni singaimitse ntchitoyi" magulu.

Mapangidwe ndi ntchito

Monga tanenera kale pamwambapa, poyamba SS - izo zangokhala msilikali la Mfumu ndi ena mamembala a udindo wapamwamba phwando. Koma m'kupita kwa gulu anayamba kukuza, ndi belu choyamba, kutsogolera mphamvu yake m'tsogolo, anali oyamba a wapadera SS-udindo. Tikuyankhula zokhudza malo-Reichsführer, ndiye Chief wa Fuehrer.

Zofunika Mfundo yachiwiri polera bungwe anali chilolezo apolisi misewu pa ndime apolisi. Sansao a SS salinso alonda chabe. bungwe chasanduka njira zonse utumiki polojekiti.

Komabe, nthawi kuti udindo lankhondo la SS ndi Wehrmacht amaona ofanana. Mwambo waukulu mu chitukuko cha bungwe angatchedwe, ndithudi, kubera pambuyo Reichsführer Genriha Gimmlera. Ndipo Iye, pokhala kufanana kwa malo mutu wa SA, anapereka lamulo limene sanalole aliyense wa asilikali kupereka malangizo kwa anthu a SS.

Pa nthawi imeneyo, gulu lankhondo la Germany lingaliro ili, ndithudi, anapangidwa m'manja. kotero koposa limodzi ndi yomweyo anapereka lamulo limene kuti azipereka ankhondo onse abwino kutaya SS. Ndipotu, Hitler ndi anzake apamtima provernuli wanzeru chisokonezo.

Inde, ena mwa kalasi wankhondo chiwerengero cha mbali ya National Socialist kayendedwe ntchito wakhala kochepa, ndi chifukwa mutu wa chipani umtenga mphamvu, anazindikira kuopsa kwa nkhondo. Iwo anafunika chikhulupiriro cholimba kuti pali anthu amene zida mkulu wa Mfumu ndi zinafuna kufa, kuchita ntchito wawapatsa. Choncho Himmler analengedwa khamu payekha chifukwa Nazi.

Cholinga cha asilikali watsopano

anthu awa wopereka zauve ndi otsika, ndi kuona ntchito makhalidwe abwino. Pansi udindo wawo anali zozunzirako anthu, ndipo pa mamembala nkhondo ya bungwe ili anakhala ophunzira waukulu chikusesa Chilango. SS-udindo chithunzi uliwonse Tchimo ndi Anazi.

Chigonjetso chomaliza ulamuliro wa SS Wehrmacht anali zikamera wa asilikali SS - kenako osankhika lankhondo la ulamuliro wa Hitler. Ngakhale ambiri analibe ufulu kugonjetsa mamembala ngakhale rung wotsikitsitsa wa bungwe makwerero "chitetezo wagawo" ngakhale waudindo mu Wehrmacht ndi SS anali ofanana.

kusankha

Kuti tifike gulu Una la SS, kunali koyenera kuti agwirizane zosiyanasiyana zofunika ndi magawo. Choyamba, SS-amuna analandira udindo ndi mwamtheradi maonekedwe Aryan. m'badwo wawo nthawi yolowera bungwe anali kukhala zaka 20-25. Iwo anali ndi "ufulu" kapangidwe ka chigaza ndi wathanzi mwamtheradi mano woyera. Nthawi zambiri, kulowa mu SS anathera "utumiki" mu Hitler Youth.

Mtundu wakhala umodzi wa magawo chofunika kwambiri kusankha, monga anthu amene ali mamembala a bungwe Nazi, anali kukhala osankhika tsogolo la anthu German, "ofanana pakati unequals." Zikuonekeratu kuti muyeso chofunika kwambiri wopandamalire kudzipereka kwa Mfumu ndi zolinga za Socialism National.

Komabe, mfundo imeneyi sizinakhalitse, kapena kani, pafupifupi mwathunthu anakomoka mkubwela kwa Waffen-SS. Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, Hitler nkhondo payekha ndi Himmler anayamba kunyamula anthu onse amene akufuna vykazhet ndi kutsimikizira kukhulupirika. Kumene, kutchuka kwa bungwe pofuna kupulumutsa, kupatsa alendo kumene anatengera udindo wokha wa asilikali SS ndi kuwatengera ku selo yaikulu. Pambuyo pogwira ntchito yausilikali ngati munthu alandira nzika German.

Ambiri, "Aryans osankhika" panthawi ya nkhondo mofulumira kwambiri "kuthamangitsidwa" amene amaphedwa nkhondo ndi ukapolo. Only woyamba magulu anayi kwathunthu "okonzeka ndi" mtundu woyera, amene, mwa njira, ndipo apo panali lodziwika bwino "Akufa Mutu". Komabe, 5 ( "Viking") watipatsa mwayi wolandira mutu wa SS alendo.

Chigawo

Wotchuka kwambiri ndi yolakwika zoona, 3 Panzer Division "Totenkopf". nthawi zambiri kwathunthu kutha, akuwonongedwa. Komabe, mobwerezabwereza atachira. Komabe, magawano sankadziwika chifukwa ichi, osati chifukwa cha bwino ntchito nawo nkhondo. "Imfa Mutu" - ali woyamba wa ndalama zosaneneka onse magazi pa manja a asilikali. Ndi Gulu ili ndi chiwerengero chapamwamba analakwira anthu wamba ndipo ndi akaidi a nkhondo. Tithe ndi udindo mu SS pa Khoti sanali ndi udindo wina aliyense, popeza pafupifupi chiwalo chilichonse pachikhalidwe anali wokhoza kuti "kupambana."

The chachiwiri anakhala lodziwika bwino Division "Viking", anatengedwa ndi mawu Nazi "achibale ndi magazi ndi mzimu wa anthu." Ena mwa iwo anali odzipereka ochokera m'mayiko Scandinavia, ngakhale nambala wawowo zakutchire. Makamaka SS-udindo akadali ankavala yekha Germany. Komabe, nkhani lakhazikitsidwa, monga "Viking" anali wa gulu loyamba, pamene alendo akhala alemba ntchito. Kwa nthawi yaitali iwo anali kumenyana kum'mwera kwa dziko la Soviet Union, mbuto ikulu ya awo "anamanganso" anali Ukraine.

"Wotchedwa Galicia" ndi "Ron"

A malo apadera mu mbiri ya gulu SS ndipo akutenga "wotchedwa Galicia". wagawo chinalengedwa ndi odzipereka ochokera kumadzulo Ukraine. Zolinga za anthu a wotchedwa Galicia, amene analandira udindo wa SS German, anali yosavuta - ndi Bolsheviks anadza ku dziko lawo patangopita zaka zingapo zapitazo ndipo anali kuletsa ndi anthu ambiri ndithu. Gulu ili zinali zochuluka kwambiri za kuyandikana maganizo ndi Anazi, koma chifukwa cha nkhondo ndi achikomyunizimu ambiri zapadnoukraintsy anazindikira monga momwe nzika za USSR - .. Oukiraŵa German, mwachitsanzo, monga alonda ndi ambanda. Azinji ku kubwezera. Mwa chidule, Germany ankawaona kuti liberators ku Bolshevik goli.

Maganizo amenewo anali lililonse osati kwa anthu a Western Ukraine. 29 Division "RONA" anapereka udindo ndipo kanali SS ku Russia, amene poyamba anayesetsa kufuna ufulu achikomyunizimu. Iwo ali kumeneko chifukwa chomwecho chimene Ukrainians - ludzu kubwezera ndi ufulu. Kwa anthu ambiri kugwirizana kwa SS ankaona kuti chipulumutso chenicheni pambuyo wosweka zaka 30-mi a moyo Stalin.

Pa mapeto a nkhondo, Hitler ndi mayiko anali kale pa muyeso, kungosiya anthu mmunda wa nkhondo zokhudzana SS. asilikali anayamba apeze anyamata chabe. A chitsanzo chapadera cha ichi - magawano "Hitler Youth."

Komanso, pa pepala, pali zambiri ndipo musati kukhazikitsa gulu, monga wina yemwe amayenera kukhala Muslim (!). Musachoke m'gulu la SS pa nthawi zina ngakhale wakuda. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi zithunzi akale.

Kumene, pamene zinafika izi, elitism wasoŵa ndi SS anakhala kampani pansi pa utsogoleri wa Nazi osankhika. Zogwiritsira "sanali abwino" amuna amaonetsera kuti mmene wosimidwa anakhala Hitler ndi Himmler pa mapeto a nkhondo.

Reichsfhrer

Wotchuka kwambiri chinali mutu wa SS, ndithudi, Genrih Gimmler. Iwo wapanga chitetezo cha "khamu payekha ndi" Mtsogoleri ndi yapangitsa malo Mutu wa motalikitsa ake. chithunzi kuti tsopano kwakukulukulu nthano: zamumsewu kumene itha zopeka, ndi kumene mfundo ku yonena za chigawenga Nazi, simungathe kuyamba.

Zikomo ulamuliro wa SS Himmler potsiriza mphamvu. gulu wakhala mbali yosatha ya ulamuliro wa Hitler. SS-udindo ankavala iwo, kwenikweni anamuika mkulu wa asilikali a Hitler zathu. Ine ndiyenera kunena, ku udindo wake Henry anapita mosamala kwambiri - panokha anayendera msasa, kuchita macheke m'magulu, iye anali nawo chitukuko cha mapulani asilikali.

Himmler anali kwenikweni Nazi maganizo maganizo ndi utumiki wa SS pamoyo wake weniweni. Cholinga cha moyo kwa iye chinali kupulula Ayuda. Mwina ana a akuvutika chifukwa cha Nazi ndi kufunika kutemberera iye kuposa Hitler.

Chifukwa fiasco yayandikirayo. ndi vuto lodana ndi kuchuluka kwa Hitler, Himmler mlandu woukira boma mkulu. The Mtsogoleri anali wotsimikiza kuti inanyamuka adalowa mgwirizano ndi mdani kupulumutsa moyo wake. Himmler anataya malo onse okwera ndi maudindo, ndipo malo ake anali kutenga odziwika chipani womenyera ufulu Karl Hanke. Komabe, SS, adalibe nthawi kuchita chilichonse monga banal sankakhoza ofesi Reichsführer.

kapangidwe

SS asilikali, ngati wina aliyense mapangidwe paramilitary, anali mosamalitsa kulangidwa ndi mwadongosolo.

Mtengo wotsikitsitsa mu nyumba imeneyi ndi kulekana wa mpira kukolopa ongokhala eyiti. Atatu amenewa mayunitsi asilikali anapanga troupes SS - malinga ndi mfundo zathu platoon izi.

Zinali Anazi ndi mnzake ake kampani Sturm-SS, ongokhala za anthu zana. Adawalamulira Untersturmführer, amene mutu anali woyamba ndi womaliza mwa alonda. Awa patatu mayunitsi anapanga shturmbann SS, mutu umene anakhala Sturmbannfuhrer (Major mutu mu SS).

Ndipo potsiriza, shtandar SS - apamwamba utsogoleri-Kupititsa gulu wagawo, ndi analogue a Regiment lapansi.

Monga mukuonera, dziko la Germany analibe reinvent gudumu yaitali kwambiri kupeza njira pachiyambi structural nkhondo yawo yatsopano. Iwo ndinangoligula analogues wa asilikali ochiritsira asilikali, kuwapatsa wapadera, pepani, "kukoma Nazi." The vuto kutichitikira ndi maudindo.

mutu

tithe lankhondo la Waffen SS zinali pafupifupi zofanana ndi magulumagulu a Wehrmacht.

Wamng'ono wa onse anali msilikali amene amatchedwa Schutze. Pamwamba pa iwo panayima ogwirika analogue - sturmmann. Choncho udindo anauka kwa msilikali Untersturmführer (msilikali), kupitiriza kusinthidwa ndi asilikali yosavuta tithe. Iwo anapita mu dongosolo ili: rottenführer, Scharfuhrer, Oberscharführer, Hauptscharfiihrer ndi sturmscharführer.

Pambuyo pake anayamba kugwira ntchito yake sostav.Vysshimi kapitawo tithe anali General (obergruppefyurer) ya zachitetezo, ndi msilikali-General, amene anatenga dzina oberstgruppefyurer.

Onsewo ali wamng'ono kwa mkulu ndi mutu wa SS ndi - Reichsführer. Mu dongosolo la SS tithe palibe lalikulu zambiri, koma kuti katchulidwe lapansi. Komabe, dongosolo lino anamanga mwachidziwikire ndi asilikali zomveka, makamaka ngati mwaika mutu wa mutu ndi dongosolo la SS - ndiye chirichonse chimakhala zambiri N'zosavuta kuti azimvetsa ndi kukumbukira.

kanali

Tithe ndi udindo mu SS ndi chidwi kuphunzira chitsanzo cha zomangira phewa ndi kanali. Iwo yodziwika ndi aesthetics wotsogola kwambiri a German ndipo ndithu kuwonetsedwa amamuonetsa zonse zimene anali kuganiza zipambano zawo ndi kopita ku Germany. Nkhani yaikulu inali imfa ndi wakale zizindikiro Aryan. Ndipo ngati mutu mu Wehrmacht ndi SS sanali amasiyana, yemweyo sitinganene wa zomangira phewa ndi mikwingwirima. Choncho, kodi pali kusiyana kulikonse?

Phewa zomangira kuti anasankha kanthu wapadera - alipidwa wakuda lamizeremizere. The okha kusiyana - mikwingwirima. alonda Junior atapita Koma mpaka pano, mapewa awo wakuda zomangira okantovyvayut Mzere, mtundu umene ankadalira waudindo. Kuyambira ndi Oberscharführer, pa phewa zomangira nyenyezi sizinaoneke - anali yaikulu awiri ndi mawonekedwe lalikulu.

Koma moona zosangalatsa zokongoletsa akhoza zopezera kuganizira kanali Sturmbannfuhrer - mu mawonekedwe iwo zinkafanana runes Scandinavia ndi kuluka mu ligature chodabwitsa, pamwamba pa zomwe nyenyezi anapereka. Komanso, mikwingwirima, n'kupanga padera, thundu mapepala kuoneka wobiriwira.

epaulettes General wa ankachiritsa mu aesthetics imodzi, ndi mtundu golide.

Komabe, chidwi makamaka kwa wokhometsa amene akufuna kudziwa chikhalidwe ndi Germany nthawi oimira zosiyanasiyana mabaji, kuphatikizapo zizindikiro magawano, amene anali ngati membala wa SS. Iwo analinso "akufa mutu" ndi crossbones, ndi mkono Norway. yamawangamawanga awa si kuvomerezedwa Komabe, iwo anali ankhondo yunifolomu ya SS. Anthu ambiri a bungwe timanyadira amavalira, zedi iwo akuchita chinthu chabwino ndi kuti tsoka ali kumbali yawo.

mawonekedwe

Poyamba, pamene SS wachita anaonekera, wosiyana ndi membala wamba wa chipani "asilikali" akanakhoza kukhala pa neckties: Iwo anali wakuda, osati Brown. Komabe, chifukwa cha "osankhika" amafuna kuoneka ndi Kugawilidwa kwanthaka koposa kuchuluka kwa khamulo.

Ndi kubera gulu Himmler anakhala mtundu waukulu wakuda - Nazi ankavala zipewa, malaya, yunifolomu ya mtundu uwu. mikwingwirima izi adaonjezeredwa ku zizindikiro rune ndi "akufa mutu".

Komabe, popeza kulowa Germany mu nkhondo anasonyeza kuti wakuda zedi waima pa nkhondo, kotero usilikali imvi yunifolomu polima. N'chimodzimodzinso, kupatula mtundu, ndipo ali yemweyo kalembedwe kwambiri. Pang'onopang'ono grays kwathunthu m'malo wakuda. Fomu wakuda ankaona chinthu mwambo.

Pomaliza

Asilikali SS udindo amanyamula tanthauzo wopatulika. Iwo - yekha dongosolo la alonda lankhondo la Wehrmacht, wina akhoza kunena kuti, kunyazitsa iwo. Iwo amati, "Taonani, ife -. Chinthu chomwecho, koma anatilamula, inu simungakhoze"

Komabe, mosiyana ndi SS kwa gulu lankhondo mwachizolowezi inkakhala osati buttonholes, yunifolomu ndipo dzina lawo tithe. Chinthu chachikulu ndi kuti panali anthu a bungwe - ndi osatha kudzipereka kwa Mfumu, amene anapatsa iwo ndi udani ndi bloodlust. Malinga ndi zolemba za asilikali German, iwo sanali "agalu Hitler Mulungu" chifukwa cha kudzikuza ndiponso kunyoza anthu onse padziko.

Maganizo N'zimenenso alonda - chinthu chokha chimene iye anavutika mamembala lankhondo la SS, kotero ichi mantha zosaneneka za iwo. Motero, udindo wa Major (mu SS ndi Sturmbannfuhrer) Wakudzerani zikutanthauza kuti Germany kwambiri kuposa udindo wapamwamba yosavuta asilikali. Nazi chipani utsogoleri uli pafupifupi nthawi zonse pa mbali ya "awo" pa nkhondo ena vnutriarmeyskih, chifukwa iwo ankadziwa kuti iwo akhoza kudalira yekha pa iwo.

Pomaliza, osati onse zigawenga SS anamupeza chilungamo - ambiri a iwo anathawira ku dziko South America, kusintha mayina ndi kubisala anthu amene ali ndi mlandu - kutanthauza lonse kutukuka dziko.