Mortars Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World - Soviet Union ndi German. Ntchito matope panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri. "Katyusha" - World nkhondo II matope

Mortars ya nkhondo yachiwiri anali zedi zida zankhondo chida angathe kuwakantha wautali ndi waufupi, mfundo iliyonse mdani mfuti. Chifukwa zida zosiyanasiyana makhazikitsidwe likungosonyeza matope, lirikulimbana maphwando akhoza bwinobwino kuthana ndi ntchito iliyonse nkhondo.

Mbiri ya zida zankhondo

Back mu 1904 ku chitetezo cha Port Arthur Russian alonda S. ndi L. Vlasevym Gotyabo analengedwa zachilendo zida zankhondo mfuti ndi yochepa mbiya mu mawonekedwe a chubu. 47 mm mfuti panyanja chinali choti plunging moto pa mipherezero mdani. Osiyanasiyana ndege la malo oterowo anali ochepa, meters 400-500 yekha.

Kenako mortars nkhondo yoyamba yadziko ntchito ngati njira wogwira mtima wa nkhondo. Koma pa nthawi, ndi anangopeka patsogolo wakhala chida yoopsa. Mortars ya nkhondo yachiwiri anabweretsa mavuto kwa asilikali German.

Modern mawonekedwe matope chifukwa cha chitsanzo choyamba Stokes mapulani. Izi chitoliro-tsinde pa ophimba thandizo bipedal tikupumula pa mbale lathyathyathya zitsulo amene damps kunja kuwombera mu nthaka.

Mu zaka zambiri nkhondo ndi Germany, boma Soviet wakhala azitengapo kukulozani kuŵeta mfuti zotsika mtengo komanso osavuta yokonza zida zankhondo, kukhulupirira kuti lidzaloŵa m'malo angapo zida zida zankhondo. Pachifukwa ichi, wakhala inaimitsidwa kupanga grenade basi Launcher Taubina kuti pamene mwatsatanetsatane mayeso 1937 wakhazikitsa yokha ngati nkhondowo kwambiri kulumikizidwa lembani zida.

Mtondo-fosholo likungosonyeza 37mm

Mu 1938, makamaka oyenda mayunitsi anayamba opepuka matope 37mm likungosonyeza. Mlembi wa unit nkhondowo anali M. G. Dyakonov, wotchuka mlengi wa mabomba komanso zipolopolo kwa zida zankhondo. Komanso, yapangidwa: dzanja grenade RGD 33 mfuti grenade.

Mu zikhalidwe kumunda, matope 37 mm angayerekezedwe ndi fosholo wamba. Kuwombera izi mtundu wa chida anapangidwa Claymore wanga. Ubatizo wa moto matope Dyakonova analandira mu kampeni Chifinishi.

Mwatsoka, uthunthu ndi lolondola zida kumanzere kwambiri wolakalakika. Chifukwa Mwachangu otsika 37 likungosonyeza matope, anaganiza gawo ndipo anawachotsa ku Red Army. Koma moyo anaganiza mosiyana. Ntchito mortars mu Wachiwiri World nkhondo 37 mamilimita likungosonyeza anapeza ntchito yake. M'nyengo yozizira ya 1942, chifukwa cha thandizo la moto mortars Dyakonova, paratroopers wa 4 Air Corps bwinobwino parachuted mu Vyazma malo a mzinda.

Sewerolo makhalidwe a mortars likungosonyeza 37:

• Likungosonyeza mfuti - 37 mm.
• Kulemera - 2,4 makilogalamu.
• Airspeed mabomba - 65-70 m / s.
• Osachepera manambala - 60 m.
• Osiyanasiyana pazipita ndege wanga - 250 m.
• Projectile kulemera (migodi) - 0,5 makilogalamu.

Mtondo kampani mkulu nkhani mu 1938 ndi 1940. (Likungosonyeza 50 mm)

Siriyo kupanga zida zankhondo unayambitsidwa Soviet makampani chitetezo mu 1939. mapulogalamu ndi experimental kapangidwe amasinthira, lotsogoledwa ndi B. I. Shavyrinym. Schematically, matope ndi zoti pa makona kungoganiza. Mbiya-chitoliro moto oyang'anira ndi bipod ndi zochotsa limagwirira anali kumbali imodzi ya makona izi, ndi gulu lina anali kungoganiza mzere pakati thandizo ndi mfuti ophimba.

NKHANI mkulu kampani matope 50mm likungosonyeza kuchokera 1938:

• Likungosonyeza - 50 mm.
• Kulemera - makilogalamu 17.
• Airspeed mabomba - 95 m / s.
• The pazipita osiyanasiyana kuwombera pa - 800 m.
• Mlingo - 32 akatemera pa mphindi.
• Projectile kulemera (migodi) - 0,85 makilogalamu.

M'tsogolo, kapangidwe wakhala bwino mu KB VN Shamarina. Ndipo mu 1940, anamasulidwa Baibulo latsopano kolowera 50 mm matope. Monga wa June 22, 1941 50 mm matope mfuti zatchuka pa Red Army, chiwerengero chawo anafika pafupi miliyoni 24 mayunitsi. Makamaka otchuka mortars izi Wachiwiri World nkhondo sanagwiritse ntchito.

Pakutha 1943 ndi pang'ono mayunitsi asilikali ntchito mtundu wa chida. chifukwa chinali chifukwa chakuti osiyanasiyana ka moto anafika mamita 800 okha, amene anapanga kuwerengetsera matope pafupi zotheka udindo mdani. Chifukwa ichi, mayunitsi asilikali zowawa ovulala angapo. Makamaka otchuka mtundu wa matope ntchito yoika zigaŵenga zankhondo, amene mpaka kumapeto kwa nkhondo imene ankagwiritsa ntchito mu nkhokwe zake.

Battalion matope 82 mamilimita

Mu 1936 izo lalandiridwa ndi Red Army matope khwekhwe anayamba pa Leningrad SKB-4, motsogozedwa ndi Di Shavyrina. ubatizo wake wa moto 82 millimeter matope unachitika panthawi ya nkhondo pa Khalkhin-, lasonyeza ngati chida asilikali odalirika angathe kumenya mipherezero adani osiyanasiyana yaitali. M'tsogolo, awa zidutswa zida zankhondo anali modernized.

Mwachitsanzo, Mabaibulo atsopano a matope 82 mm anaonekera pachaka ntchito onse ankhondo. mortars izi WWII anatumikira Yehova mokhulupirika kwa zaka zambiri. Ngakhale ntchito ya usilikali Soviet asilikali opanda zida.

Wopambana ntchito mortars mu Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World likungosonyeza izi kwatanthauza kuti iwo akhala zinachitika a Baibulo opepuka a matope "thireyi" wa chitsanzo mu 1981.

zida Wehrmacht

German migodi World nkhondo II mortars zopangidwa calibres zosiyanasiyana, monga nkhondowo nkhokwe matope zomera Wehrmacht anali zosintha ochepa - 50 mm ndi 81 mm zitsanzo 1936 ndi 1932 ankalemekeza.

Kwa ena specifications mortars Wehrmacht kuposa anzawo Soviet. Iwo sanali kuthandiza asilikali German kuti agwire ntchito yake yaikulu - kupambana nkhondoyo. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti anagwira German World nkhondo II mortars likungosonyeza 81 anagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi asilikali Soviet, ndipo pambuyo chigonjetso. Mwa njira, mpaka 1955.

Roketi mortars WWII

chakuti Red Army, panali mphamvu kochuruka kwa zida, dziko la Germany anaphunzira pa chiyambi cha nkhondo.

Choyamba nkhondowo wagawo ndege mortars pansi Captain Flerov anakanthanso yabweretsa chiwonongeko chachikulu nodal Orsha siteshoni July 14, 1941. Malinga ndi umboni wa opulumuka Nazi pa njanji mphambano anagwada ndi firestorm weniweni. kwakusiyana paketi mortars anakantha zipolopolo wamba, ndipo modzaza incendiary. Anyamatawo German ndi asilikali anatentha nthaka pansi pa mapazi awo.

Mbiri ya wotchuka "Katyusha" yomweyo Zafalikira kutsogolo. Tinazindikira za izo ndi kumbuyo. Mines kwa mortars Wachiwiri World nkhondo anapanga dziko lonse. Single Mwambi kwa anthu onse kuti: "Chilichonse kwa kutsogolo, chirichonse kwa chigonjetso."

Chinsinsi "Katyusha" - World nkhondo II matope

Ulamuliro zoyambirira za alonda mortars - zinazake chobisika udindo nkhondo. Movement yekha mu nyengo mitambo kapena usiku, kotero kuti mdani sumatha. Pa nkhani chilengedwe monga ankaganiza. Aliyense galimoto anali ncho, pa chiwopsezo pang'ono adani Bzalani amaphulika. Zinali zinthu zikatero, kapitawo anafa Flyorova batire pamodzi ndi asilikali awo.

Mu 1942, dziko la Germany akadali anakwanitsa akathyole womenyera makina, koma chida, monga "Katyusha", iwo alephera. Soviet makampani lankhondo nthawi zonse kuwonjezeka yopanga mortars zotakasika.

anagwirizana Thandizo

Kuyambira ndi 1943 Soviet roketi mortars World nkhondo II, anawaika osati pa galimoto zoweta ZIS-6 crawler thalakitala STZ-5, komatu mudandilandira pansi kongoletsani-pangano msewu magalimoto "Ford", "Austin" ndi "Studebaker." Anaikira "Katyusha" ndi zida zatsopano.

Makamaka, launchers roketi analandira yaikulu 300 millimeter zipolopolo. Iwo ankafuna kwa bwino zokhalamo nyumba kumbuyo. Monga ulamuliro, "Katyusha" anagunda mabwalo. Komabe, panali malipoti pamene launchers amayenera kumwedwa ena.

The nkhondo m'malo m'tawuni

Mwachitsanzo, pamene Vistula-amanyansidwa anagumula 8-mita makoma Poznanskaya citadel mlandu mkulu mphamvu projectiles launchers adagulung'undisa pa moto mwachindunji. Yowotcha osiyanasiyana "Katyusha" anali makilomita anayi ndi theka, ndipo pa nthawiyi-akusowekapo osiyanasiyana - chimodzi chokha. Kuwombera pa mtunda aang'ono anali sangathe.

Komabe, alonda-minomotchiki anakwanitsa atengere chida ake amphamvu nkhondo msewu. Ku Moscow ku Berlin alonda "Katyusha" - ndi matope ya nkhondo yachiwiri - wamanga nawo mbali pa ntchito zonse za asilikali.

Pakutha nkhondo panali BM-13 zida zoopsa. Woyamba sawatcha nduna ya Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo mu August 1943, pambuyo kumasulidwa kwa Orel ndi Belgorod. Iye anakhala Echo wa volleys loyamba "Katyusha" mu July 1941.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Amadziwika kuti mortars kuyambira Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World osati anawononga mipherezero pansi.

Mu 1942, pa chitetezo cha Sevastopol Junior mkulu Vladimir Simonok kukumenya mwachindunji ku matope 82 mamilimita anawomberedwa pansi German "Junkers" otsika ukuuluka pa malo a asilikali Soviet. Icho chinali chochitika chokha mu Great kukonda dziko lako lonse, pamene mtondo anakantha mawerengedwe a makina mpweya mdani. Pa izi wosangalatsa kuwombera mkulu Vladimir Polikarpovich Simonku kupereka mutu Hero wa Soviet Union. Mwatsoka, msilikali ankaphedwa mu 1942 chomwecho, kuteteza Sevastopol.

nkhondo Kafukufuku

N'zochititsa chidwi kuyerekeza, mu chiwerengero cha mortars Soviet World nkhondo II anali chikalata, poyerekeza ndi mayiko ena. Choncho manambala:

• United States anamasulidwa mu nthawi kuchokera July 1940 kuti July 1945 za 111 zikwi mayunitsi zida zankhondo.
• British chitetezo makampani a nthawi zonse, ndipo izi 1939-1944 gg., Anapereka 97 zikwi zida zankhondo zida mu kalasi.
• Germany kuyambira chiyambi cha 1941 mpaka m'ma 1944 anakwanitsa akonzekeretse asilikali ake pafupifupi 70 zikwi zomera matope.
• Soviet Union 1 July 1941 30 June 1945 wapanga 348 000 matope mfuti ya calibers zosiyanasiyana.

Chiwerengerochi kusonyeza kuti mortars Soviet World nkhondo II, anali wotchuka kwambiri ndipo anapanga amathandiza kwambiri kugonjetsa Nazi Germany.