Treasure. ndi chuma zombo ndi chuma padziko lapansi n'chiyani?

Imodzi mwa ntchito kwambiri chikondi akufunafuna zakale mbiri. Onse amene anali pansi kapena posungira, wotchedwa mawu bwino "chuma". Kodi golide, siliva ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali - tonse tikudziwa, koma ngati kokha ankaona kuti chuma? Kuyamba, tione kufunika kwa chiphunzitso cha.

Tanthauzo ambiri "chuma"

ndi chuma m'lingaliro yotakata chiyani? Izo zobisika mu njira iliyonse zinthu zamtengo wapatali. Mwini ndi osadziwika kapena anataya ufulu iwo. Komabe, ameneŵa ndi banja. Pali mfundo ina kuti amatanthauza zinthu zakale zokumba pansi.

Chuma (zimene akutanthauza zakale zokumba pansi, tikambirana) ali makhalidwe ake kuti:

• Iwo ali gawo lalikulu;
• Amakhala ndi zinthu za nthawi imodzi;
• Pamafunikanso zipangizo, ziwiya, zida ndi onse amene analengedwa ndi munthu zenizeni chikhalidwe ofukula zinthu zakale.

Archeologists chidwi nzika zonse akuphunzira wosanjikiza mbiri. Anthu onse amene akukhudzidwa ndi ntchito yomanga phindu, kungofuna mu zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho wapatali. Nthawi zambiri zikhale za zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. onse alili awo ngati zinyalala.

Kodi Malamulo onena?

The malamulo a m'mayiko osiyanasiyana wa zakuya mu njira yake. Nthawi zambiri, mwini apeza ndi amene ali mwini dziko, ndipo iye amene wapeza. Mu Russia, mwachitsanzo, amenenso ndi chuma mlenje kugawanitsa zonse mofanana. Koma ngati nkhaniyo ili ndi phindu luso boma Amachichitira yekha, koma amene anapeza mwininyumba wake, ndi wosaka reimburse theka la mtengo wake, amene adzasonyeza katswiri.

Mu England, muyenera pasanathe masiku 14 kuti afotokoze mabukuwo kuti si kenako mlandu. Akatswiri kuphunzira chuma, ndi zonena zawo boma limalipira kwa mwininyumba ndipo akusewera chipukuta misozi yonse kapena akubwerera kupeza yemwe anamupeza iye.

Mu ambiri US limati anawasunga ukalamba zaka zoposa 100, anapezeka m'dziko la boma, ankaona mtengo ofukula zinthu zakale. Adzaupereka kwa akuluakulu a boma, komwe anapezeka.

M'dziko za chuma chopezeka pali nkhani zosiyanasiyana. Chuma iwo, monga ulamuliro, mwina chuma kapena luso phindu. Pamaso pa anapezazo izi si nthawi zonse anatsimikizira mfundo.

chuma pofukula

Zambiri za chuma anapeza mu zaka XIX-XX. ofukula European aphunzira gawo la chitukuko wakale wa Egypt, India ndi ku South America.

Chuma yochititsa chidwi (kutanthauza - ife tikudziwa kale) anapezeka mu 2011 ku India. Amaganiza kuti linali olamulira a Travancore, limene kwa zaka ataunjikidwa ngale mu kachisi. Iwo akuti ndi kupeza mu US $ 20 biliyoni.

Wina chimodzimodzi chidwi imatengedwa chuma manda Tutankhamen a. Pakhomo anali mu 1922, koma anakwanitsa kulowa chaka chamawa. Akupeza zimasungika wawo. Iwo inkakhala mwaluso miyala yamtengo wapatali, sarcophagi wagolidi wabwino, umene unali thupi la Farao, ndi zambiri. Today pansuwo wa ndumbi chatsekedwa kwa alendo chifukwa kusintha wosanjikiza kunja kwa mpanda wake.

"Chuma cha Priam" - chuma tingachipeze powerenga mu nthaka. Iwo anapeza kuti anali Heinrich Schliemann mu 1873 pamene zofukulidwa wa lodziwika bwino Troy, koma chotulukira sikuli kwa nyengo iyi, izo wakhalapo kwa zaka patsogolo. Lero, otchedwa chuma cha Troy ili mu Moscow (Pushkin Museum).

Chuma cha wrecks

Kuwonjezera chotchedwa sushi, chuma ambiri opezeka pansi pa nyanja ndipo nyanja. Ndi kuchuluka kwa shipbuilding anthu amadutsa ndi madzi katundu wamtengo wapatali. Ena mwa iwo anamizidwa pa nthawi ya namondwe, upandu pa bolodi kapena analanda achifwamba, amenenso ali ndi chuma.

Sitima Amira, zosiyanasiyana china chachikulu pa nyanja. Fufuzani ndi kovuta kwambiri, chifukwa nthawi zonse kumasintha ku ngozi malo. Complicating vuto ndi mtengo wa maulendowa kuti nyanjayi.

Komabe, zombo zotsatirazi ndi cuma pa bolodi anapezeka:

• Spanish frigate kumizidwa mu 1804. Kupezeka wake wa kampani American akuganiza lofunika kwambiri m'mbiri mwa chuma m'madzi. Pa bolodi mu 2007 tinapeza matani golide ndi siliva ndalama Spanish. The katundu amayenera kubwerera ku boma la Spain mu 2012.
• Chuma cha galleon "Atocha" (Spain), amene anatulukira mu 1985, Mel Fisher. mazana a golide ndi zoposa zikwi za bullion siliva, zodzikongoletsera, zida za m'ma 17 anapezeka.
• Russian katundu Galiota "Saint Michael" anapezeka mu 1961 ku Finland. Ngalawa anali opangidwa ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, ndi miyala, amene anafuna Elizabeth Collection mabokosi golide wopera, penyani mndandanda wa golide ndi siliva, Meissen dongo chosema gilt ophimba. Lero, ndi ku Finland.